Creative project.doc - Creative project "Gzhel - the soul of Russia". Project "Pale blue miracle - fabulous Gzhel Project Gzhel painting

Municipal community educational institution
Golyshmanovskaya secondary school №4
creative project on the topic of:
"Gzhel is the soul of Russia"
Project object:
Project authors:
4th grade students
Project manager: Osintseva G.N.
Primary school teacher
1

"Gzhel is the soul of Russia"
1.2.Relevance of the choice of topic
We think that our topic is very relevant. In our time we live
in the face of an ever-increasing flow of information carrying
predominantly Western ideals: philosophical, moral,
aesthetic. We know little about Russian culture, its traditions.
The connection between generations is broken, the guys do not know their
ancestors, lose their roots. That's why we want guys more
learned about folk craft, learned how important it is to keep in touch
generations. Our country has a rich Russian culture.
We should be proud of the folk crafts of Russia.
4

1.3. Goals and objectives
Purpose: to develop and execute a set of Gzhel dishes in the technique
"Papiemashe".
Tasks:
1. Expand ideas about the folk craft "Gzhel".
2. Replenish your knowledge about the techniques and features of working in technology
"Papiemashe".
3. Improve your ability to make a product using the Papier technique.
mache."
4. Improve the ability to apply elements of Gzhel painting
for dishes.
5. To form the skill of working with different sources of information.
6. Gain experience working in a group.
5

2.2. Gzhel history of the emergence of folk craft Gzhel.
Gzhel is a rather vast region, located 60 km. from Moscow,
for many years producing Gzhel, that is, painted in blue
and patterned pattern, porcelain.
Gzhel is better known not as locality as well as porcelain items.
Gzhelskaya kitchenware, interior items, and even Gzhel plumbing.
On this moment there are more than 10,000 types of products with Gzhel
hand-painted, and more than 10 large factories manufacturing Gzhel dishes.
The first mention of Gzhel was found in the spiritual letter of Ivan
Danilovich Kalita in 1328.
In the will of Tsar Ivan IV "the Terrible" Gzhel is listed among the "sovereign
palace parishes".
Many associate the origin of the word "Gzhel" by consonance with the verb
"burn", that is, "burn the clay."
Unique deposits of local clays coming to the surface have given
the beginning of ceramic craft since people settled here.
7

For almost seven centuries of Gzhel history, many events took place here and
change.
Among the many products there are objects of cult, decorative
character, toys.
It is interesting that even in ancient times, when the Gzhel craft was only
was born, Gzhel was multi-colored. Crockery, figurines of people and animals
painted with bright colors: green, yellow, red.
Multi-colored Gzhel dishes handmade in those times
was used everywhere: in noble houses, and in peasant huts, and in
taverns.
Types of Gzhel products
There are two main types:
Thick-walled Gzhel
Gzhel is thicker, less fragile, but at the same time less elegant.
Thin-walled Gzhel
Graceful, thin, sonorous Gzhel. This is what is associated with everything.
famous folk gzhel.
Majolica
Ceramic products covered with opaque lead-tin glaze,
painted with refractory paints.
Majolica, semi-faience, faience, porcelain - for Gzhel, not just terms, but
epochs during which the birth of a unique
trends in ceramics. And the first such striking phenomenon was the Gzhel
majolica.
8

Of great interest is the painting on Gzhel majolica
products that do not claim to be sophistication, made in a manner close to
popular print
It is distinguished by the mastery of composition and color harmony.
XVIII
In the 19th century two more types of artistic ceramics became widespread
semi-faience (it was created only in Gzhel) and fine faience. Art
semi-faience was a direct continuation of the Gzhel majolica.
Products made of semi-faience had a white shard, but it still remained
thick, it was painted after firing with blue paint and watered with transparent
glaze.
The 19th century brought the rapid development of the faience industry, which developed
in parallel with the production of semi-faience in Gzhel.
The technology of faience production has changed, the artistic
image of a new ceramic material. Unlike majolica and semi-faience,
faience had a thin, white, light shard covered with transparent glaze.
He went to the manufacture, mainly of tableware.
The ceramist Afanasy Leontyevich Kiselyov owns the invention
whole direction in Gzhel ceramics: overglaze painting with golden
chandelier - the so-called "bronze goods".
However, the most widely used method of transfer printing,
invented in England specifically for this type of ceramics. He turned out
the most economical, which was extremely important for the artistic
industry.
9

2.3. Modern gzhel.
In Soviet times, the main place began to belong to fine faience.
Semi-faience has found a continuation in another ceramic material.
inspired Soviet artists to create Gzhel porcelain,
preserved the traditions of semi-faience and, to a certain extent, its
artistic image. Majolica in the original sense of the word (with
colored thick shard and painting on unbaked enamel) gave way
place of modern majolica (with a white shard, poured with colored
glazes).
Gzhel masters deeply and sacredly keep the traditions of their ancestors,
they are creatively developed and multiplied. In a semi-fairytale world created
ceramic masters of the current Gzhel, it is difficult to draw a clear line
between past and present art.
10

In the continuity of tradition folk craftsmen, loyalty to them and is located
grain of success and popularity of Gzhel ceramics in our time.
The history of Gzhel goes back centuries, and its folk art is destined
long life, famous today folk craft gaining new strength.
Gzhel blue birds fly to different parts of the planet to decorate life
people to cultivate a sense of beauty.
2.4. The secrets of working in the papier mache technique
Before starting to manufacture products, we got acquainted with
papier-mache technique.
Papiamache means "chewed paper" in French.
The whole wisdom of the papier-mâché technique lies in gluing what
some form pieces of soft paper in several layers.
This in itself is not difficult, but it requires patience and accuracy.
And as a result, you can create such wonderful works that you will not

11

Papier-mache was invented at the beginning of the 16th century in France and used
originally for making dolls.
Papimashe became popular in Russia, probably in the era of Peter I.
The flourishing of the production of products from papier belongs to the same time.
mache in the most different countries.
Various household and artistic items are made from papier-mache.
products that are lightweight and durable:
toys, study guides, dummies, caskets, vases, etc.
coloring,
painting,
varnishing
There are three technologies for making papier mache products.
1 way
Making papier-mache from paper
The product is glued in layers on a model from small pieces of paper.
on a prefabricated model.
Wallpaper glue is very good for such purposes. Breed it
you need to follow the directions on the box.
12

Paper: 2 types (white and newsprint)
We tear the newspaper and paper into small pieces of different shapes, sizes
approx. 2 x 2 cm.
Paste the form with several layers of paper:
2 layers of "water"
45 layers of "adhesive
2 way
Products are formed from liquid paper pulp
1. Tear the paper into small pieces and crumple properly, fold
paper into the tray, fill with water and leave for a while.
2. After the paper is soaked, drain off excess water. Fine
stir.
. 3. Mix the resulting "slurry" with glue in the proportion of 2 parts of paper
weight to 1 part glue. Knead the mass like dough.
4. Wrap the paper "dough" in gauze and wring it out a little. Plasticity
the mass should resemble clay.
2.5. Material selection
Material selection chart
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Crockery (basis for
products"
Glue drilling
Paper white
and newspaper
Gzhel set
crockery
Water based paint
Paints (gouache)
The main material for the manufacture of a set of dishes will be paper, and
the technique we have chosen is papier-mache.
This technique allows you to make a product of any shape and does not require much
costs. This in itself is not difficult, but it requires patience and accuracy.
And as a result, you can create wonderful works that you don’t
regret wasted time.
The resulting products are processed in various ways:
coloring,
painting,
varnishing
Products are durable.
Eco-friendly.
Samples of additional material:
14

In addition to "papier-mache", we need additional material
to complete products.
Gouache paints.
2.6 Selection of tools and fixtures
15

To make products, we need not complicated tools and
fixtures.
Tools and fixtures
1. Glue drilling
2. Water
3. Plate
4. Tassels
5. Paints
6. Scissors
7. White paper and newsprint.
16

3. Technological part
Having studied the theoretical part of the project, we proceed to the practical part
production of a set of Gzhel dishes.
№
1.
2
3
3.1. Routing
Making a set of Gzhel dishes.
Technological operations
Sketches, drawings, drawings
Product selection (herring and tray)
Tear newspaper and paper into small pieces
pieces of different shapes, sizes
approx. 2 x 2 cm.
Paste the form with several layers
paper:
2 layers of "water"
45 layers of "adhesive
4.
We prime the product with a water-based emulsion
paint, wait for it to dry
5. We develop a sketch for painting products
6.
17

We paint products using the Gzhel technique
murals
18

4. Economic calculation
The cost of a product consists of the cost of materials. Set of decorative
Gzhel dishes we made as visual material for office
visual arts.
Economic calculation of the cost of a set
No. Material name
Quantity
Price per
unit (rub)
Price
(rub)
1
2
3
4
5
Paper (writing)
Paper (newsprint)
gouache paint
Water based paint
Glue drilling
50 sheets
4 pieces
1/10
1/10
1/10
20 kop
­
55
55
40
10
­
15
15
4
We calculated the cost of our set, amounted to: 44 rubles.
We believe that this is much cheaper than the set bought in the store.
The work did not seem laborious to us, working in a group is much more interesting and
easier than one. It is especially important that we started working on this
project in November 2013. Everything was gradual. Like us
planned.

The history of the emergence of folk craft The history of the emergence of Gzhel. Gzhel is the name of a region near Moscow, which is located 60 kilometers from Moscow. The word "Gzhel" is associated with beauty and harmony, a fairy tale and a true story. Porcelain with elegant blue painting and multicolored majolica are very famous. Gzhel products attract everyone who loves beauty, rich imagination and harmony, high professionalism of their creators. Already in the XIV-XV centuries, the Gzhel people made dishes from clay and covered them with engobe. And also small figurines of animals and men. Why did ceramic craft appear in this area? Firstly, although the peasants sowed rye, oats, buckwheat, and millet here, the harvests were meager. Therefore, the Gzhel people said: “We do not feed on the earth: our clay is gold!” Secondly, there are large deposits of high-quality clays. Multi-colored early ceramics. Thirdly, the availability of wood fuel for firing was in abundance here. At first they were engaged in brick production, they made both pipes and tiles. But then they switched to making pottery and toys. And gradually a whole peasant industry developed here - majolica, faience, porcelain, supplying even the royal table in the 18th and early 19th centuries. Gzhel products are kvass, kumgans, jugs, dishes, plates, vases, teapots.

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“Creative project in fine arts, in grade 5, on the topic: "Creative project on the topic:" arts and crafts. plate painting in Gzhel technique.»

Municipal budgetary educational institution

Secondary school No. 39

Krasnoarmeisky district

CREATIVE PROJECT

« DECORATIVE AND APPLIED ART. PAINTING OF A PLATE

IN GZHEL TECHNIQUE"

Completed by a student

MBOU secondary school No. 39

5 "g" class

Lebedeva Elizabeth

(Teacher Zhukova I.M.)

Khutor Trudobelikovsky

The history of the emergence of folk craft

The history of the emergence of Gzhel. Gzhel is the name of a region near Moscow, which is located 60 kilometers from Moscow. The word "Gzhel" is associated with beauty and harmony, a fairy tale and a true story. Porcelain with elegant blue painting and multicolored majolica are very famous. Gzhel products attract everyone who loves beauty, rich imagination and harmony, high professionalism of their creators.

Already in the XIV-XV centuries, the Gzhel people made dishes from clay and covered them with engobe. And also small figurines of animals and men. Why did ceramic craft appear in this area? Firstly, although the peasants sowed rye, oats, buckwheat, and millet here, the harvests were meager. Therefore, the Gzhel people said: “We do not feed on the earth: our clay is gold!” Secondly, there are large deposits of high-quality clays. Multi-colored early ceramics. Thirdly, the availability of wood fuel for firing was in abundance here. At first they were engaged in brick production, they made both pipes and tiles. But then they switched to making pottery and toys. And gradually a whole peasant industry developed here - majolica, faience, porcelain, supplying even the royal table in the 18th and early 19th centuries. Gzhel products are kvass, kumgans, jugs, dishes, plates, vases, teapots.

At first, the color scheme was based on five colors: a white background accentuated the sound of purple, green, yellow and blue. Later appeared, though in imitation of England, but still deeply Russian, white-blue semi-faience with flowers, made, it seems, with one virtuoso stroke!. Scientists divide the history of Gzhel peasant pottery into three stages. The first refers to 1770-1790, when the first Russian ceramic factory Afanasy Grebenshchikov appeared in Moscow. He produced artistic majolica - a product made of colored clay covered with opaque glaze. Having worked out the term of the contract, the peasants returned home and also made majolica dishes in their dugouts, painting them with enamel paints. Fancy jugs and kumgans, seated with funny stucco figures, were in great demand. A new heyday begins in 1840, when half of the porcelain enterprises of Russia were concentrated in the Gzhel district. By this time, the craftsmen had invented semi-faience, which was covered with a transparent colorless glaze.

The painting could be under and overglaze, but it was always applied with blue paint - cobalt. This painting: blue flowers, blue leaves, soft blue buds! .. It seems far from natural nature. But do you really think about it when you have a real poetic world in front of you! A feature of Gzhel's works is their artistic form, which is "synthetically combined with pictorial and sculptural decorations" The third period is the time after the Great Patriotic War. The beginning of the true revival of Gzhel is associated with the names of the art historian A. B. Saltykov and the artist N. B. Bessarabova. Saltykov fights for revival creative traditions fishing. The basis of the Renaissance was the legacy of the Gzhel majolica of the 18th century and semi-faience of the 19th century. The painting was adopted in one color, underglaze (cobalt). This is the Gzhel we know. In 1972, the Gzhel Association was formed. Masters are trained in the literal sense from kindergarten, where children are introduced to art. After school, you can enter the Gzhel College. Masters of Gzhel paint each item only by hand. In addition to dishes and small plastics, the Association produces fireplace tiles, about 20 types of various clocks, telephones, chandeliers (15 types). All production facilities are located within a radius of 5-7 km. 10% of products are exported to Germany, England, America. Relations are being established with Finland, Turkey, Bulgaria, and France.

Modern Gzhel

In 1972, the Gzhel Association was formed. Masters are trained in the literal sense from kindergarten, where children are introduced to art. After school, you can enter the Gzhel College. Masters of Gzhel paint each item only by hand. In addition to dishes and small plastics, the Association produces fireplace tiles, about 20 types of various clocks, telephones, chandeliers (15 types). All production facilities are located within a radius of 5-7 km. 10% of products are exported to Germany, England, America. Relations are being established with Finland, Turkey, Bulgaria, France. Modern technology It is built as follows: molding (casting in plaster molds), drying, manual inspection for cracks - firing, painting. The creation of Gzhel products is the work of many people: masters - technologists, sculptors, foundry workers, artists. There are more than 20 shades on the palette of Gzhel masters. The drawing is performed according to the shape of the object. Each master has his own handwriting, his own style of painting. And what unique flowers! Someone has a half-blown Bud, someone has a lush rose or poppy, someone has an elegant clover. And more stories about Blue Birds, Polkanovs, Mermaids, Cats - Bayuns, Sirin birds, Miracle - Yudo, who is a Whale, and a beloved Gzhel rose. The painting is done, then the product is lowered into the basin, into the glaze, to the very bottom. Count to 10, take out and hold for a few more minutes above the surface. All miracles happen during the final firing at 1350 degrees - so the glaze becomes transparent, like glass, and the cobalt changes its color.

Preparing a plate for painting

I want to tell you how I painted the plate with intricate patterns of blue gzhel. I really liked the dishes painted by Gzhel masters. And I wanted to have the same plate with magical blue-blue flowers. At first I bought an ordinary pure white plate. Then I drew a sketch of the painting of the plate, picking up beautiful flowers, leaves, curls. Colored the sketch with gouache.

Plate painting

Degrease the plate with any solution.

I applied the pattern from the sketch with a simple pencil on a plate.

She spread blue paint on the palette, of the shade that is on the sketch. I paint with strokes on flowers and leaves. If you need a lighter color, I add white to the blue. I work with a brush number 3, 5.

If any element of the pattern does not work out, it can be removed wet wipe or cotton wool, and then paint further.

When the painting is fully completed, I proceed to prescribing small details in a darker color. In this case, I use a thin brush (No. 1).

It is better to paint the pattern from the middle, and then paint the rim of the plate. For the rim of the plate, you can use gold paint, as the Gzhel masters did. Finally my plate is ready! It turned out very nice!

Self-assessment of work

The performance of the work contributes to the improvement of my abilities in design work, which develops thinking, artistic taste, a sense of color and pattern rhythm.

My project has been completed. It turned out a beautiful plate that you can give to your mother or grandmother on Mother's Day, or on March 8th.

What is needed for the project.

Porcelain plate, gouache, palette, brushes No. 1,3,5; napkin, sketch of the finished painting.

Theme: Fabulous Gzhel Blue - blue roses, leaves, birds. Seeing you for the first time, Everyone will be surprised. Miracle on porcelain - Blue font. It's called Just painting ... GZHEL Blue - blue roses, leaves, birds. Seeing you for the first time, Everyone will be surprised. Miracle on porcelain - Blue font. It's called Just painting ... GZHEL

Project objectives: To introduce Gzhel painting, its characteristic features, elements of painting, its application in modern world. Tasks: 1. To teach the ability to identify and analyze the characteristic means of artistic expression in the work of folk masters. 2. To teach how to paint household items in the traditions of Gzhel masters. 3. Raise a sense of pride and respect for the work of folk artists.

Project implementation methods Information support Search method Graphic communication method Verbal Interdisciplinary connections: MCC, literature, history Information support Search method Graphic communication method Verbal Interdisciplinary relationships: MCC, literature, history

Research stage In the project, on the basis of the conducted research, searching for literature and information on the Internet, viewing illustrations, students form an idea about the Khokhloma folk craft. In the course of independent work, the children get acquainted with illustrative material on the topic of the study. In the project, based on the research, searching for literature and information on the Internet, viewing illustrations, students form an idea about the Khokhloma folk craft. In the course of independent work, the children get acquainted with illustrative material on the topic of the study.

Dive into the problem 1. What have we learned about the history of the fishery? Why is the painting of some household items called "Gzhel"? 2. What is the difference between the methods of writing with a brush of the herbal Khokhloma ornament from the Gzhel painting? 3. What role does decorative applied art In human life?

Research stage Legend of Gzhel: In the very center of Russia, in the picturesque region near Moscow (Ramensky district), porcelain is produced with elegant blue painting and multicolored majolica. Gzhel is the cradle and main center of Russian ceramics. Here it was born, and here its highest achievements were manifested as a clear example of the heritage of folk art. From the second half of the 18th century, it became famous for the production of majolica dishes. These were products made of colored clay with bright multi-color painting on white enamel. At the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century, there was a gradual transition from the multi-color painting, characteristic of majolica, to one-color, underglaze. The legend of Gzhel: In the very center of Russia, in the picturesque region near Moscow (Ramensky district), porcelain is produced with elegant blue painting and multicolored majolica. Gzhel is the cradle and main center of Russian ceramics. Here it was born, and here its highest achievements were manifested as a clear example of the heritage of folk art. From the second half of the 18th century, it became famous for the production of majolica dishes. These were products made of colored clay with bright multi-color painting on white enamel. At the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century, there was a gradual transition from the multi-color painting, characteristic of majolica, to one-color, underglaze.

From history In the history of the development of the Gzhel craft, there were periods of deep crisis, this is the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. Then it seemed that Gzhel art was lost forever. And only in the post-war years, through the efforts of enthusiasts, the revival of the creative traditions of craft continued, and by the beginning of the 80s of the twentieth century, Gzhel porcelain was gaining recognition in our country and abroad. Currently, products from Gzhel ceramics are produced at six modern productions in the Gzhel Association, where one and a half thousand people of highly qualified personnel work. Four workshops of the association produce porcelain, two majolica. Now we can say that the decorative and applied art of Gzhel has passed the test of time, remains in demand and fulfills the artistic requirements of today. In the history of the development of the Gzhel craft, there were periods of deep crisis, this is the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. Then it seemed that Gzhel art was lost forever. And only in the post-war years, through the efforts of enthusiasts, the revival of the creative traditions of craft continued, and by the beginning of the 80s of the twentieth century, Gzhel porcelain was gaining recognition in our country and abroad. Currently, products from Gzhel ceramics are produced at six modern production facilities in the Gzhel Association, where one and a half thousand people of highly qualified personnel work. Four workshops of the association produce porcelain, two majolica. Now we can say that the decorative and applied art of Gzhel has passed the test of time, remains in demand and fulfills the artistic requirements of today.

Literature art. Decorative and applied art in human life. Grade 5: textbook for educational institutions / L.A. Nemenskaya; edited by B.M. Nemensky. - M.: Enlightenment, - 175 p.: ill. Internet resources

research project "Gzhel. Tea-set"

4th grade student

MBOU "Semetskaya secondary school"

Tishkina Julia

Leader: Eliseenko Elena Anatolyevna.

• My dad often makes various products from wood: dishes, toys, animals, birds. And then he paints them with paints and it turns out very beautifully. I love watching him work. I am especially attracted by the painting of finished products.

My dad Tishkin Vladimir Ilyich demonstrates his work.

This is me and my dad with his amazing woodwork.

One of my favorite works is the Swan Princess.

Princess Swan

Wooden toys: gingerbread man, parrot and sun.

Gingerbread man, parrot and the sun.

Cheerful parrot.

Parrot Kesha

Swan with a swan and a duck (made of wood).

A pair of white swans and a duck.

Swan

Swan

The duck is painted in the style of Khokhloma painting.

• One day the following thought came to my mind: how does dad do it? Why does he choose such paints for painting?

• As a result, the topic of my research arose: folk paintings". But I didn’t know yet which painting I was more interested in.

• But after observing, I realized that the painting of dishes in white and blue colors, that is, Gzhel, attracts me more.

• How were Gzhel dishes painted?
• What material was it made from?
• In what region of Russia did this fishery develop?
• What colors did the Masters use when painting dishes?
• Did the Gzhel masters only paint the dishes?

• Describe the art of Gzhel

• To prove that I can also make dishes and paint them in white and blue tones of Gzhel

Object of study: folk art - Gzhel.

• The subject of research is dishes.

Research methods:

• observation, collection of information from books, magazines and other sources, practical work, generalization.

My suggestion

• I think this craft is very old. They were engaged in by great masters who achieved high results in their work.

• This craft is developing today, as in stores you can buy the same products that are stored in museums.

• I think that I can also make dishes and paint them like Gzhel masters.

• Gzhel is the name of a picturesque region near Moscow, 60 km from Moscow.
• Gzhel is famous mass production ceramic dishes, toys and figurines.
• The word "Gzhel" is incredibly popular today. This is the beauty of harmony, a fairy tale and a true story.
• Porcelain with elegant blue painting is now known not only in Russia, but also far beyond its borders.
• Gzhel products attract everyone who loves beauty.

Painting elements

Traditional hand-painted vegetal and geometric designs applied with quick, rich brush strokes. Hand painting allows you to create many variations of the same decorative motif.

My product "Tea service"

• I decided to make a papier-mâché tea set and paint it in white and blue tones, like Gzhel.

Tea-set

The hostess is waiting for guests!

Happy tea!

I invite everyone for tea!

We look forward to visiting!

And then the guests arrived. Happy tea!

Ah, how delicious!

Research result

My hypothesis was fully confirmed.

I got a great tea set.

Her grass is silk,

Her spring flowers

And magical craftsmanship

Worthy of admiration.

From this cup of roses.

You drink wonderful tea.

Guests for a joyful holiday

Meet more cordially.

Municipal budgetary educational institution for children

Preschool and Junior school age

"Bushevets General Educational Primary School – kindergarten»

"The Art of Gzhel"

Made by 2nd and 4th graders

Supervisor - teacher Fedorova L.Z.

Bologoe 2014

Target : Acquaintance of students with Gzhel painting.
Tasks :
Acquaintance with the traditional Russian art craft - "Gzhel ceramics"

To develop the skills of drawing up a decorative composition, working with an open stroke without a preliminary drawing.

Raise interest in folk crafts.

A simple pattern of shades of paint,
White clay, porcelain - the attributes of a fairy tale!
Like a child's hand on pieces of clay
I painted blue pictures in three strokes.
Cups round sides painted in rings,
In petals and clouds - tiles for the stove,
Blue lace, cobalt frost,
As if a blizzard had swept curlicues of lines.
I stuck blue figures for the game,
For fun, kids - hares and whistles.
The secret of miracle clay is hidden in the lightness of the stroke.
Ancient craft lives in Rus' for centuries .

Guys, do you like to travel? Today we will go on an exciting journey through home country. Your travel luggage is brushes and paints. Take your seats. We're leaving soon!

Children take their seats .

And so, go!

We are on our way to the ancient city of masters. Gzhel - an ancient village on the banks of the Gzhelka River, located in the Ramensky district of the Moscow region, 60 km from Moscow. Here and now are the richest deposits of clay. The village got its name from the word "zhgel", i.e. "burn" or "burn".

History of Gzhel painting.

The oldest mention of Gzhel was found in the will of Ivan Kalita dated 1328. Later, Gzhel is mentioned in the spiritual letters of other princes and in the will of Ivan the Terrible in 1572-1578.

It all started with clay. Nature itself endowed this area: here is the Gzhelsko-Kudinovskoye deposit of fatty refractory clays. It is underground, and small villages and villages are spread on its surface. And how much does our handy people need - there is clay, there are hands - that's nice!

Wide booty different varieties clay has been carried out in Gzhel since the middle of the 17th century. In 1663, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich issued a decree "to send clay to the Gzhel volost for apothecary and alchemical vessels, which clay is suitable for apothecary vessels." In 1770, the Gzhel volost was entirely attributed to the Pharmaceutical order "for alchemical dishes."

Until the middle of the 18th century, Gzhel did the usual for that time pottery, made bricks, pottery pipes, tiles, as well as primitive children's toys, supplying Moscow with them.

In addition to dishes, toys in the form of birds and animals, decorative figurines on themes from Russian life were made in Gzhel. Shiny white horses, riders, birds, dolls, miniature dishes were painted with purple, yellow, blue and brown colors in a peculiar folk, Gzhel style. The paints were applied with a brush. The motifs of this painting were decorative flowers, leaves, herbs.

By 1812, there were 25 factories producing dishes in Gzhel.

The second quarter of the 19th century is the period of the highest artistic achievements of Gzhel ceramic art in all its branches. In an effort to obtain fine faience and porcelain, the owners of the factories constantly improved the composition of the white mass.

From the middle of the 19th century, many Gzhel factories fell into decay, and ceramic production was concentrated in the hands of the Kuznetsovs, who once came from Gzhel. After the revolution, the Kuznetsov factories were nationalized.

Only from the middle of the 20th century, the restoration of the craft, which recently celebrated its 650th anniversary, began in Gzhel. In the 1930s and 1940s, almost half of all porcelain and faience enterprises in Russia were concentrated here.

Many Gzhel works are unique and the plot depends on the master and his skill, and of course they are done by hand, so you won’t find exactly the same.

“They lived - they were in the village of Gzhel, near Moscow, potters are skillful, skillful craftsmen. They mined white clay and made dishes from it. For three whole months Zima watched the work of the craftsmen and decided to take them with her. The masters refused. Winter got angry, swirled, breathed an unprecedented cold. The dishes were covered with hoarfrost. And the potters melted the furnaces hotter and laughed at Zimushka. And the dishes thawed, and drawings appeared on it. unprecedented: blue buds and blossoming roses, blue leaves with silver veins, but a bunch of currants and next to it - a purple dandelion and a cobweb with a drop of dew. (author unknown)Who among us has not admired the fabulous blue and white porcelain? Gzhel porcelain is an original Russian art that has gained immense popularity not only in Russia, but also abroad. Beauty and originality, romance and tenderness - all this is combined in the pattern of Gzhel masters. And Gzhel is also called the art of the Russian winter, the Russian winter is so similar to it in patterns and colors.

Teacher:

- Gzhel porcelain has one feature that helps to distinguish it from any other dishes. Your magic ticket will help you determine it. Look at their color, remember the photos of Gzhel products and tell me - what is this feature?

Children:

- Patterns are made in blue paint.

- In Rus', blue has long been loved. Why do you think?

- (children's answers).

- Russia is a country of blue rivers and lakes. In the forests and meadows - placers of blue and blue flowers. The sky above is blue-blue.

- Blue color is a symbol of dreams and happiness (blue bird of happiness). This color is often mentioned in folklore works - ditties, sayings, fairy tales. At home, you should have picked up examples from Russian folklore with a mention of the color blue.

Children's answers

- (“I collect and disassemble cornflower blue flowers”, “beyond the blue mountains”, “blue flax”, etc.).

Types of painting.

Gzhel painting is divided into three types:

1. Home- vegetable painting - these are grass, cereals, berries, twigs, leaves, bouquets and garlands of flowers. In addition to roses, poppies, dahlias, lilies, peonies, asters, carnations, and daisies are depicted. Their form is a bit arbitrary.

2. Ornamental. First of all, these are checkers - several rows of blue-white squares along the side and a layering belt also along the side. The artists also painted the famous Gzhel nets - “combs” (in the form of spruce), “droplets”, “pearls”, “antennae”. Using a brush with a hard bristle, a “marbled” pattern is applied. They fill the space inside, for example, wavy lines, or circles at the bottom of the plate.

3. Plots. It is nature and the seasons. These are scenes of city life, rural landscape and life, etc. These are characters from Russian fairy tales: blue birds, Polkans, birds of the Sirin, various Mermaids, Cats-Bayuns, etc.

The main secret is smears. A smear is a generic sign of Gzhel.

Main reception - the correct ratio of blue and white or a combination of "the whiteness of the snow-covered fields of the Moscow region and the transparent blue of a clear sky."

Another rule - each subsequent stroke is different from the previous one. First, paint is thickly drawn onto the brush. Next, with different pressure, a flower is laid out with a brush. The first strokes are the most juicy, but as they decrease, they brighten. Round flower petals are either clear or soft "blurred". This is how multi-petal flowers are drawn. After firing, the flower becomes cornflower blue.

"Smear with shadows". The paint is picked up on one side of the brush and applied with a slight circular turn, i.e. rotates around the stem.

There is more paint in the thickened part of the brush - the stroke is dark, towards the middle of the paint a little less - the stroke is highlighted, and the thin tip leaves a very light trace. So it turns out a multi-colored voluminous rose or leaf.

The bird is one of the favorite motifs of Gzhel masters. Masters depicted them in various poses, whether standing, sitting, pecking and fluttering, it is rare to find a landscape in which birds were not depicted.

Creative task to compose an ornament in compliance with the laws of composition .

We spent enough time in Gzhel. It's time to go back. But they don't come back from trips empty-handed. You will also buy souvenirs here - snow-white Gzhel kumgans (jugs). But these are just blanks. At home, you can decorate them with ornaments yourself, using the techniques of brush writing and the laws of composition..

And then we will make an exhibition with your work.