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Vertical milling machine is a common unit for high-quality metalworking. CNC Vertical Milling Machine

The scope of vertical milling copy machines is roughing, semi-finishing and finishing surfaces of flat parts in the form of prisms made of steel alloys, cast iron, non-ferrous metals, composites and plastics. As a rule, the surface of such blanks is processed on one side. The equipment is widely used in small or medium-scale production, guaranteeing high speed and processing quality. At the same time, the affordable cost allows you to count on a quick payback of the machine.

Technical features and advantages of vertical milling machines

Distinctive feature equipment - a solid C-shaped structure with a massive bed, a vertical spindle or a vertical milling head is fixed on the upper part of the bed with the ability to rotate at an angle of 45 degrees in both directions. Thus, it was possible to reduce vibration and reduce its influence on the accuracy of machining parts. In turn, the vertical spindle copes with workpieces of any size, including complex-shaped parts that require a particularly careful approach to leveling the surface.

The list of operations performed on vertical console milling machines is quite impressive. These are milling of curved surfaces and grooves, countersinking, boring, drilling, surface reaming, threading, etc.

To expand the capabilities of the equipment, the design of milling machines provides for the movement of the desktop in the vertical and horizontal direction, while the table base can only move vertically. Such technological solution allows you to process massive workpieces of non-standard shape on the machine. Fixing the workpiece on a turntable, which can be moved to the right and left, provides access to all its surfaces and allows you to use full set available cutters - face, cylindrical, finger, shaped, end, etc.

Where to buy a vertical milling machine for metal at an affordable price?

A wide range of branded equipment of the SPECTR brand of the FU series is presented in the catalog of the KAMI Association. A distinctive feature of the equipment is a high-torque engine with high performance and components of exceptional strength made of hard metal alloys. Our specialists are ready to answer all questions and provide practical assistance in the selection, purchase, installation and connection of equipment to an already used production line.

Among the various machine tools, milling machines make up a significant share in the volume of metal-cutting equipment, including those with numerical control. The main advantage of the machine found during the processing of shaped parts. Here he is indispensable, and no other can compete with him. The milling machine works more calmly, without shocks and shocks, as is the case with planing and slotting machines, as a result of which all mechanisms last longer.

But whatever the advantages, they will disappear if you do not learn how to properly handle the equipment and use all its capabilities.

Milling machines, depending on the functions performed, have the following types:

vertical;
horizontal;
drilling;
desktop and desktop with CNC;
universal;
universal;
CNC machines and CNC machining centers.

Characteristics of vertical milling machines

The vertical milling machine is called so because the spindle, on which the workpiece clamping devices or the workpiece itself for processing, is located vertically on the working area of the table. It was one of the first equipment that was used in the processing of products. metal products. They are used for processing heavy and large parts and have increased rigidity, which ensures the accuracy of processing.

The machine has end, face, cylindrical and shaped cutters , so it can perform various milling operations. Drilling work can be carried out on it. You can perform boring and countersinking holes, cutting grooves, teeth, frames, gears, corners.

The equipment works with various types metals and alloys, as well as plastics.

There are two types of vertical milling machine:

Machine without console.
Console machine.

A machine without a console has a table located on a fixed frame, and is called a cross. It moves in the transverse and longitudinal direction. The machine is controlled from the pendant control, and the numerical revolutions of the spindle are set with the help of hydraulics. The exact movement of the table is carried out by slowing down the supply of revolutions. The semi-automatic cycle, on which the mechanisms can work, provides a quick move and a stop in the required position.

The difference between machines with a console and models without a console is the presence of a moving console on which the table and sled are placed. The table moves horizontally along the console guides. The console itself moves in three perpendicular directions. It has a feed box.

From desktop filing depends on the processing speed and the maximum dimensions of the parts.

Technical capabilities

Since the machine is characterized by a vertical arrangement of components, you need to know and take into account the height of the model, its dimensions. You can evaluate the technical capabilities of the design by answering the following questions:

What is the power of the power plant?
Is there a cooling system?
What type of control: manual or electronic?
How many speed switching speeds?
How can you characterize the course of the table?
How many revolutions does the spindle head have?
What is the limitation of the part blank in terms of weight and dimensions?

All these questions can be answered by studying technical certificate models. This will allow you to make the right choice.

Modern models

Modern industrial enterprises widely use high-precision equipment with numerical control, however, it is impossible to imagine an enterprise without equipment with mechanical control. Although it can be called mechanical conditionally, since almost all structural elements work from electric drives. The feed drives of the table and spindle remained mechanical with duplication of setting a constant numerical value of the feed by an electric drive.

Manufacturers of vertical milling machines produced models have the same recognizable features.

The main disadvantage of all models can be considered high cost and limited service life. In addition, it is difficult to find a specialist who can repair the problem if the supplier does not provide after-sales service after the product is sold.

The following models belong to vertical milling machines: 6M12P, 6R12B, 6S12, 6H12, 6R12, 6T12. They have found wide application not only in the former republics of the USSR, but are also successfully exported abroad. This is a reliable, high-quality equipment that does not require close attention. Modern factories systematically improve the design of the equipment and increase the cutting speed wherever possible. Year after year technological capabilities various models are improving.

Machine tool manufacturers

One of the well-known manufacturers of lathes is Joint-Stock Company TRENS (Slovakia). The peculiarity of this company is the production of high-quality processing equipment and high precision. At the request of the customer, the manufacturer can make changes to the design of the machine. The equipment is available for maintenance and operation.

Leading European manufacturer of machine tools, including vertical milling, is the plant TAJMAC - ZPS (Czech Republic). The plant has its own foundry, which gives the company independence from external factors. Processing quality and high technological characteristic The production of manufactured equipment allows the use of products manufactured by the plant not only in mechanical engineering, but also in rocket science, power engineering, and aviation enterprises.

Lipetsk Machine Tool Enterprise manufactures milling machines Russian production. The advantage of this relatively young enterprise is that they independently manufacture equipment components, and this significantly reduces the cost without reducing quality.

Machine care

Correct maintenance of the equipment can only be done by someone who knows the structure of all mechanisms and how they work. The main mechanisms to be explored are:

drive unit;
spindle and its bearings;
gearbox and feeds;
table;
dividing head;
accessories and fixtures.

One of the main conditions that guarantee the correct maintenance of the equipment is the correct timely lubrication and cleanliness of the workplace.

All mechanisms must be adjusted for smooth running, which means that they must work without stopping and play. Overloading must not be allowed, as this will affect the operation of the machine. The result of the work is influenced by the fixing of the cutter and the workpiece. It is not allowed to rotate the cutter in reverse side. Her teeth will crumble, and she will become useless.

Do not put foreign objects on the machine table. Chips that form on the table must be removed frequently, as they not only interfere with the observation of the work of the cutter, but also fill the gaps between the teeth, increasing friction and energy consumption.

It is necessary to monitor the removal of the used liquid into the reservoir, since if the liquid spills randomly, it can mix with the oil and reduce the quality of the lubricant. After work, the equipment must be wiped with a dry cloth.

Machines must not be left unattended during operation.

Work Safety Measures

Since the vertical milling machine itself is slow, most often injuries occur due to fingers getting under the teeth of the cutter. Therefore, it is strictly forbidden to remove chips with your hands; cleaning of the teeth of the cutter must be done with a special brush.

The cause of the accident may be shavings in the eye. To avoid this, protective goggles must be worn when working.

Special clothing should not be too strong and tightly fit the body. Because the ends of dangling clothing can get caught in rotating machinery and cause bodily injury.

Injury may result from careless handling of workpieces. Heavy parts falling can cause injury to legs or arms.

Malfunction electrical appliances and careless handling may result in electric shock.

To eliminate the possibility of falling when moving on a slippery floor, you need to work in special shoes.

The milling process allows you to obtain parts of various shapes and sizes. The most common version of a metal milling machine can be called a version when the spindle is located vertically. Such equipment began to be called vertical milling machines.

Cantilever vertical milling machines are made on the basis of horizontal milling machines with a slight change in the gearbox and bed.

The stage of development of machine tools before the advent of CNC

All machines can be divided into two groups:

A group in which the setting of operating modes, feeding and other actions are carried out by a person.
A group of metal processing machines, the operation of which is fully or partially automated using a numerical control unit.

The non-CNC vertical spindle milling machine has been in use for decades. The following models became the most popular: 6T12, 6M12P, 6R12, 6R12B. These representatives of the group of milling machines were very common in former USSR. Only after the superiority of CNC from an economic point of view and other characteristics was proved by calculations and in practice, these metal-cutting machines began to be replaced with new ones. However, 6P12 can be found in almost all major engineering plants.

If you spend short description characteristics of this equipment, the following features can be distinguished:

carry out the processing of almost all metals and alloys, including cast iron. according to this indicator, the limitation is the resistance of the used cutting tool to abrasion, destruction during processing with the specified operating modes of a certain type of material.
similar design: the presence of a milling headstock, table, slide, spindle, bed.
reliability and unpretentiousness are the qualities that determined the popularity of the above machines. at the time of production, these machines were exported to many countries around the world.
with the help of them it is possible to carry out milling, drilling, boring. In addition, we note the appearance of a mechanism for turning the head at an angle of 45 ° relative to the table. This feature made it possible to create elements that are located relative to the base plane at a certain angle.

Kinematic diagram of the console milling machine 6H12

A distinctive feature of the equipment is the possibility of using certain indicators of processing characteristics: feed rate, tool rotation speed, etc. In addition, all models differ in table size. This indicator determines the possibility of processing workpieces certain sizes and weight.

In decryption, the first digit means a group of milling machines, the next letter indicates the modernization of the main model, the second digit is a subgroup of vertical milling machines, the last digit is the size of the table. Other characteristics can be found in the specification.

Console and non-console models

The main difference between all vertical milling machines for metal can be called the presence or absence of a console. Almost all modern CNC versions are of the console type. However, previously consoleless machines were quite popular for the following reasons:

The absence of a console meant that the floor of the factory or a concrete slab became the basis for the table.
The use of a floor or a concrete slab as a base for the sled led to a significant increase in the rigidity of the structure, to its reduction in cost.
The increased rigidity of the structure made it possible to process large and heavy parts.

Cantilever type milling machine

However, due to the fact that the table base cannot be taken into account in created programs processing, processing accuracy was significantly less than that of models with consoles. That is why numerical control is extremely rarely installed on this type of machine.

Vertical Milling Machines in the Information Age

The principle of operation of the considered milling machines for metal caused the low mobility of the spindle head (this was carried out only for adjustment purposes). Milling of flat surfaces is carried out by changing the position of the table with a rigidly fixed workpiece relative to the original coordinate. It is this feature that determines the low accuracy of processing.

All processes, from setting cutting modes to controlling the position of the table, are controlled by the milling machine. The human factor determines the high percentage of defects by modern standards, as well as the deterioration in productivity.

Having touched on the performance indicator, we note that when designing machine tools several decades ago, the possibility of using a cutting tool made of superhard material was not taken into account, and many models do not have a coolant supply system (lubricating-cooling fluid). Therefore, when using such machines, it is also impossible to increase productivity.

Vertical milling machines 6T12, 6M12P, 6R12, 6R12B were manufactured at the factories of the USSR. For many years, these factories have ceased to exist, and other representatives of the machine tool industry do not produce the models under consideration due to economic unprofitability.

Modern vertical milling machines

Despite the undeniable advantage of the introduction of CNC, they still produce mechanically controlled vertical milling machines, for example, JET JVM-836 TS. In their design and production, modern equipment is used, which made it possible to achieve high accuracy in posing all structural elements, its rigidity, and this favorably affected the indicator of possible accuracy achieved during milling. In addition, almost all structural elements began to work from electric drives. An exception is the table and spindle feed drives, which are of a mechanical type (however, they are duplicated by an electric drive to be able to set a constant feed rate).

CNC options deserve special attention, for example, the Haas TM-2 machine. Application modern technologies made it possible to make almost the entire process automated (after entering the program and fixing the workpiece, operator intervention is not required until it is removed). The description of such milling complexes includes the following characteristics:

Working at high spindle speeds, the use of high feed rates, the movement of the spindle in two planes, high positioning speed, together with process automation, make it possible to obtain high-precision parts in a minimum time.
Sophisticated coolant system and chip removal from the cutting zone.
Maximum protection for others.
Possibility of milling along complex trajectories.

If we consider the issue of advantages and disadvantages, the characteristics of modern metal milling machines with a vertical spindle, it is worth indicating certain models, since they have many differences and the description has different content. Their only common drawbacks, which are inherent in almost all versions, can be considered high cost and a short guaranteed service life, and in the event of a malfunction, it is extremely difficult to find a specialist (at the same time, the repair cost can also be high).

In conclusion, we note that the above milling machine for metal in this paragraph, despite its complex design, belongs to the vertical milling group, since the spindle is located in a vertical plane. The cost of this model is about $ 50,000, it is able to create finished parts with one rebase, that is, the workpiece must be rearranged once so that it is possible to machine the surface that was the base during the previous milling step.

All CNC vertical milling machines

* Prices for machines are indicated without VAT, including delivery to the buyer's factory, including installation supervision

Haas CNC vertical mills offer superior functionality, reliability and precision in metal workpieces. The high productivity of the machines is ensured by the perfect design and simple technology of operation and repair. This equipment has become widespread due to its reasonable price and serious advantages over analogues.

The Haas vertical mill has a high part speed and can perform a wide range of machining operations due to the ability to install an inclined or tilt-rotary table, i.e. adding 4th and 5th axes.
The machines provide high quality metalworking, achieved due to the minimum runout value of the machine spindle.
Haas milling center equipment is equipped with modern system numerical program control(CNC), which allows you to fully control the machine and monitor performance in real time.
Available from Abamet, Haas vertical milling machines are easy to use, ergonomically designed, guaranteed and technical support Haas Automation.

To choose the right equipment for the milling center, you need to know the basic required operating parameters:

desktop dimensions and allowable load (determined based on the size of the processed workpieces);
range of movement of the cutter or drill along each axis;
top speed spindle rotation and its torque;
need for installation additional equipment: coolant system high pressure, programmable coolant nozzle, air gun, etc.

Available methods cooling and lubrication
cutting tool and cutting zone

Abamet, a leading supplier of metalworking equipment, offers to buy milling centers Haas CNC at the most favorable conditions. High-performance equipment, developed logistics, wide geography of deliveries and qualified specialists - Abamet is focused only on quality and long-term cooperation with Clients. You can contact managers to select and order machines by calling by tel. 8-800-333-0-222 or by sending a request through our company website.

The 6t12 machine is a unit for performing vertical milling work, which has been produced on the territory of the Gorky Combine since the mid-80s of the last century. The design of the 6t12 machine strongly resembles the products of the P line, but the main difference lies in greater uniformity.

Main technical indicators and advantages

Despite the fact that the presented model has been produced in Russia for more than 30 years, this does not prevent the machine from creating good competition for more than modern models. There are several reasons for this.

So, for example, the minimum deviation of the location of the treated surface and its shape is explained by the fact that the bearing elements have a higher rigidity. Also, scraper guides with a compatible profile are used to increase rigidity.

The spindle bearings used by the vertical milling machine are equipped with paired angular contact and double row roller bearings, which are characterized by increased load capacity. This contributes to the performance of power cutting with high quality processing. If stock lubrication is used and the structural elements themselves are at the correct tension, bearing life will be longer than the amount of time before overhaul. To determine the class of bearings, you must familiarize yourself with the technical data sheet.

In the screw pair, the backlash is eliminated with the help of a specially provided movable nut, which is included in the axial clearance control mechanism. Bimetallic materials are used in the production of all running nuts. Parts subject to more accelerated wear at friction points are produced using steel with a surface HDTV hardening. Gears are strengthened in exactly the same way of heat treatment. As a result, the equipment works for a long period of time without the need for after-sales service. And when it does come time to do it, the cost of spare parts will be minimal.

The composition of a centralized efficient lubrication system includes two groups. The first includes lubrication for the mechanisms in the console, and the second - the oil supply system for the mechanisms that are located in the bed. Each of them, respectively, provides separate meals from its own plunger-type pump.

If the machine 6t12 1 is used every day in two shifts, the overhaul cycle will be at least 11 years. But to achieve such indicators is possible only on the condition that the user complies with the operational requirements and mainly mills steel.

Increased drive power reserve, a wide range of speeds and feeds, minimal system compliance - all this contributes to the high-performance processing of metal blanks, which include plates made of STM or materials of increased strength.

Achieving additional time savings becomes possible thanks to the electromechanical method of fixing the tool. The table itself moves in automatic cycles. The revolutions are switched without sequential passage of steps.

Components

Considering the main characteristics, the basic design advantages of this model of equipment are the following: constituent parts:

a device for slowing down the feed rate (the machine uses a proportional scheme);
a mechanism to protect the operator and others from getting metal chips;
an electromagnetic type clutch that effectively brakes the spindle assembly in a horizontal plane;
clutch to protect the electric motor of the main feed from overload;
a device that allows you to adjust the gap in the screw pair (when performing feed in the longitudinal direction).

It is also worth noting that the fixation of working tools on this machine is carried out according to a mechanized principle. Thus, the manufacturer was able to achieve a significant reduction in the time required to process the metal workpiece.

Location of components

The above image shows the layout of all the components of the 6t12 machine. In total, presented vertical machine applied consists of such units and assemblies.

Coolant pump start system.
The system controls the direction in which the spindle rotates - right or left.
Electric motor for table drive.
Limb, the surface of which has a scale indicating the amount of feed.
Mushroom for switching feed.
Handle for moving the table in manual mode and vertical direction.
A handle holding the sled against the console.
A handle designed to control the operation of the longitudinal stroke of the table.
Electric motor for spindle drive.
Duplicate handle, including the longitudinal course of the table.
Flywheel for moving the table in manual mode and in the transverse direction.
Cams for turning off the system of longitudinal feed of the table in automatic mode.
Crane for supplying coolant.
Trigger keypad mounted on the front of the sled.
Duplicate handle for engaging vertical or transverse gear.
Switch for the workspace lighting system.
Switch for the whole machine.
Handle for selecting the spindle speed.
Limb, the scale of which indicates the number of revolutions.
Pointer for gearbox.
Start button panel on the spindle box.
Cams that automatically turn off the vertical feed of the table.
Cams that automatically turn off the cross feed of the table.
Handle, including vertical and transverse table feed.

Location of controls

The layout of all controls is shown in the image above. It is worth noting that the design that the equipment in question has is characterized by a convenient arrangement of buttons and other controls. This contributes to a quick transition to the required operations. Even a specialist with minimal practical experience, thanks to the comfortable placement of controls, will be able to intuitively understand the main list of functions.

How is the rotary head of the machine?

The image above shows the current drawing of the rotary head, which is used in the 6T12 machine. It is centered in an annular groove located in the neck of the frame, fixed with 4 bolts that enter into a 1-different groove of the frame flange.

The spindle consists of a two-bearing shaft, which is integrated into the sliding sleeve. Adjustment of axial play is reduced to the need to grind rings 4 and 3. Elimination of increased play in the front bearing becomes possible by tightening the nut and grinding ring 5. The owner is required to follow the correct maintenance procedure. To get rid of the radial play, which is one hundredth of a millimeter, a grinding of approximately 0.12 millimeters is required.

The spindle rotates through a pair of cylindrical and bevel wheels that are mounted in the head. The gears and bearings mounted in the swivel head are lubricated by a pump in the frame. bearings responsible for correct work mechanism of movement of the sleeve and rotation of the spindle - by injection.

Kinematic scheme

The main task of the kinematic diagram is for the owner to understand how the main elements of the equipment interact and contact each other. The callouts include the number of gear teeth. The main movement is made possible by a flanged electric motor through a flexible coupling. The number of revolutions can be changed by moving three gear blocks along special splined shafts.

The feeds are driven by a flanged electric motor mounted in the console. Thanks to two three-ring blocks and a moving gear wheel, 18 different feeds are available, which are transmitted to the console via a ball safety clutch.

Obtaining accelerated movements becomes possible when the high-speed clutches are turned on, which rotates due to intermediate gear wheels from the electric motor feeds. The main element of the entire design of the machine is the bed, on which the rest of the mechanisms and components are fixed. It is rigidly attached to the base with a set of pins.

Wiring diagram

A scan of the drawing of the electrical circuit is given in the figure above. The equipment is optimized for operation in a three-phase network with a voltage of 380 volts with alternating current with a frequency of 50 Hz. The control circuit operates under a voltage of 110 volts with alternating current. In the control circuits, the current is constant, they operate at a voltage of 65 volts. To service local lighting, a voltage of 24 volts is supplied.

Exploitation

To increase the efficiency of operation, each machine is equipped with a set of auxiliary circuits - bearings, slings, lubrication, kinematics, and so on. The rest of the guide includes electrical equipment. Here is indicated circuit diagram connection of electrical appliances, as well as a set of specifications for the selection of spare parts.

Based on the statistical data obtained during the long-term production of the machine, the manufacturer has compiled a list of wearing parts. For them, a separate drawing of each element is provided. Thanks to the unification, it becomes possible to use spare parts from other series of 6T machines, including 6T13.

Safety

As part of the work, it is necessary to adhere to general requirements safety technology. Each specialist must check the following working bodies:

grounding;
compliance of the voltage in the network with the one used by the machine;
checking the brake, signal and push-button device for serviceability;
checking the correct functioning of the blocking device;
checking the health of the lubrication and cooling system;
checking the condition of each hard stop that limits the movement of the calipers.

If any of the above items has a bad technical condition, starting the electric motor is not allowed. An initial diagnosis is required with further troubleshooting.