Workpiece feeding system on a four-sided machine. Four-sided planer

Used for the production of various construction and finishing materials as well as furniture. Many of the most important goals can be achieved with this reliable equipment. Setting up the tool is a feasible task for those who learn the basic principles from the presented article.

The central part of the machine is a cast planer table, which is mounted on a stable tripod. This design eliminates vibration. The planer table also includes a bottom cutter and 2 side cutters. The top cutter and rollers are fixed on a tripod. They move on massive bars. 4 cutters are powered by separate motors.

Machine setup steps

Preparation for work begins with the adjustment of the planer table. This prevents unwanted mechanical impact on the workpiece. Only the correct installation of the equipment guarantees high quality processing.

Table setting

The gap remaining between the part and the table should be no more than 0.127 mm in length. If the back of the platform is set too low, the workpiece will begin to rise off the bed. For this reason, the edge will be processed with more curvature than required, and an incorrect cut will be formed.

In the tuned machine, discrepancies at the joints of the indicated parts are excluded. Otherwise, they will be visible.

When set correctly, the clamping bar creates pressure, due to which the cutting occurs with some effort. If pressure is not felt, the end of the workpiece will not be finished properly.

Feed setting

In order for the supply of any elements to be smooth, ensuring the continuity of the workflow, it is necessary to fine-tune the position of the lower rollers. They should be aligned with the upper cutting head. The leading feeder must be located above the second.

Placement of both rollers at correct setting corresponds to a direct tangent to the comb part of the lower rollers. The conditional line is directed towards the cutting head.

At the same time, the bed crossing must be fixed only in front of the upper head.

Adjustment before working with short workpieces

Often there are situations when it is not possible to hold the closely stacked workpiece. In this case, feeding through an automatic feeder is used, which can work with arbitrary lengths. This principle is due to the fact that it is almost impossible to ensure the movement of the workpiece at the required speed manually.

If it takes 2-3 seconds to stop, the cutting edges of the rotating heads can instantly become dull.

The main indicators of any woodworking production are high-quality work and productivity. To fulfill these conditions, you must have the appropriate equipment. One such equipment is a four-sided woodworking machine.

Design and scope

Relatively recently, in the production of wood processing, designs have appeared that combine several operations. Processing of wooden products in this case occurs from four sides at once. This equipment is most often used for milling and jointing.

The woodworking machine consists of:

• spindle section;
• part feed unit;
• equipment parameter control systems.

On the one hand, there can be several processing heads, which makes it possible to reduce the cost of manufactured products and reduce the time for performing a certain operation.

The four-sided machine is designed to perform the following operations:

1. Milling. On the working heads of the equipment, instead of planing shafts, disk cutters are installed, which makes it possible to do longitudinal milling. To carry out processing with finger cutters, it is necessary to periodically stop the parts, however, this is not provided for by the design;
2. Planing and jointing. This can be done using shafts with blades of a certain configuration mounted on them. The design of the machine makes it possible to perform both finishing and roughing;
3. Reiming and profiling.

Most often, such models are used to create lumber with a flat surface or profile. All work can be done in one pass.

With the help of four-sided machines, you can make products such as:

Classification and differences of machines

All four-sided woodworking machines can be divided into:

• thickness planer;
• longitudinal milling.

Longitudinal milling machine used for cutting along the length of the material to the desired size. This woodworking equipment can perform profiling of any complexity. The lower shaft of the knife, taking into account the thickness of the planed wood, moves along with the table top in a vertical direction.

Planer used to cut a part to a specified thickness simultaneously from two sides. It is initially planer, but has an additional profiling function. Such a machine can produce shallow profiling with a simple small bar lock design.

Processing wood on four sides at the same time helps save time and increase productivity. That is why in the construction and furniture sectors, four-sided machines are the optimal equipment.

Main selection criteria

Considering that a machine for complex woodworking is expensive equipment, it is important to consider when choosing it specifications and all the nuances of the design. Equipment performance depends on:

• speeds and systems of giving of a bar;
• degree of processing and dimensions.

Choosing the optimal machine model you should pay attention to:

In order to precisely position the workpieces relative to the machining center, a system of sensors is necessary. In addition, when analyzing the model, one should take into account the cost of components, the degree of remoteness of the manufacturer's service centers and the terms of the warranty.

The design of the machine units

To understand the principle of operation of the equipment, it is necessary to consider design features of the machine, which includes many nodes.

In some models of equipment, a joyter, a hydraulic spindle and a number of working tools are included. Such devices sharpen knives directly during processing of the product.

Buying a machine

Longitudinal milling machine can be purchased at specialized construction stores, but it is better to buy it directly from the manufacturer (if we are talking about domestic manufacturers). Equipment can be rented or purchased by installments.

Before you buy the equipment, you need to pay attention to the following main points:

• performance;
• accuracy;
• operational reliability;
• Availability after-sales service;
• equipment price.

If quadrilateral machine on a tree will be an addition to an already working line, it is important to consider its dimensions. At the time of purchase, you must consider technical specifications and combination various options processing, weight of equipment and speed of work.

Some companies providing such equipment are still little known. The price of their products relatively low, but the quality is adequate. For example, the German brand Beaver. The cost of their products is low due to the fact that the production is located in Taiwan and China. But parts of the assembly are made in Germany.

When choosing equipment, you should not consider cheap Chinese-made models. It should be borne in mind that it will be very difficult to find spare parts for them.

Service maintenance

Any machine tends to break down over time, the constituent parts wear out. In order to have fewer interruptions in work for such reasons, it is advisable to choose the equipment that is most durable and wear resistant.

In addition to productivity, it is important that the machine is as safe as possible. Therefore, the presence of limit switches, electric brakes and a metal protective casing with sound insulation is provided.

Processing on the machine of products should be as accurate and high-quality as possible. For these purposes, it is important that the device has static and dynamic balancing of all fixings of parts.

When operating the equipment, it is necessary to adhere to the rules specified in the instructions for it. It is impossible to process workpieces that are larger in size than those stipulated by the rules. It is essential to carry out preventive and repair work to keep the equipment in working condition.

It is very important to set up the machine correctly., taking into account not only its dimensions and weight, but also the dimensions of wooden blanks. The operator should not face the difficulties associated with the supply of material.

Pros and cons of equipment

One of the most positive qualities of four-sided machines is high productivity. To achieve optimal results, the design must be equipped with a software unit numerical control. Then the influence of the human factor will be minimal.

The conditions for the correct compilation of the program must be met, and an accurate measurement of the workpiece being processed must be made. In the optimal configuration, the equipment is designed for processing cylindrical workpieces and rectangular timber. Jointing and milling of sheet materials can be performed on both sides. Features of the operation of machines of this type are the following factors:

The main disadvantages of four-sided woodworking machines are the high cost and complexity of setup. However, in a production line, these indicators are not significant.

Processing of wooden blanks from four sides at once in one pass is performed by four-sided woodworking machines. As a result of processing on such equipment, a wooden building blank is obtained with a given geometry, the desired profile and the required surface quality. The main products of four-sided devices are wood blanks in the form of floor boards, clapboards, timber and block houses, and platbands.

When buying such a device, it is necessary to focus on the main technical characteristics of four-sided machines:

• interval between feeding blanks;
• greatest transverse dimensions the supplied workpiece;
• number of working spindles;
• the total weight of the equipment;
• total power characteristics of the equipment.

According to the number of spindles, four-sided machine tools are divided into five-spindle machines and six-spindle machines. Sometimes there are also devices with a four-spindle design and vice versa, multi-spindle ones.

Models of quadrilateral machines

Domestic industry and foreign manufacturers supply the Russian market with a large number of four-sided machine tools with a wide variety of performance characteristics. These machines can perform work both in semi-automatic mode and follow the program entered into the CNC unit.

Among the large number of items in this machine park, four-sided Beaver machines stand out, which have been coming to Russia since 2003. The standard range of these German machines contains from four to eight spindle heads. This design is the best suited for solving various tasks in woodworking. They can perform both the calibration of wood products and the formation of a profile of a beam of large diameter for the construction of houses. At the same time, the processing speed of such products reaches 60 meters per minute.

The scope of Bauer machines are various workshops and enterprises of the carpentry and construction profile, where boards and glued beams, molded products are produced various types for housing construction of a standard type, as well as woodworking in furniture production.

Products obtained on such equipment in one pass are very diverse. It all depends on the settings of the machine and the entered workpiece processing program.

TO design features machine tools include excellent dynamic balancing of the spindles, which are made of steel that has passed heat treatment. These main components of the machine tools are first processed with a precision nature, and then carefully controlled. As a result, all parts and components of the machine are of impeccable quality. In addition, before being installed on the machine, each spindle undergoes many hours of running-in on a special stand. The basis of the spindle mechanism are high-precision bearings that do not require any maintenance during operation.

The woodworking machine Beaver 416 of the quadrilateral type has excellent characteristics and operational parameters. It is used for profile and planar processing of workpieces in one pass from four sides at once. The result of such work is a product of ideal geometry with a given surface finish.

Specifications of the Beaver 416:

• transverse dimensions of the workpiece being processed 100x160 mm;
• number of working spindles - 4 pcs.;
• workpiece feed during processing - up to 25 m / min;
• power consumed from the electrical network - 22 kW;
• machine weight - 2780 kg.

The working and feeding tables undergo heat treatment, as a result of which the highest strength of the metal is achieved. The surface of the tables is covered with a thick layer of chrome, so that the wear resistance of these parts is very high. Also, as a result of polishing these surfaces, the workpieces easily glide over them without spending much effort on feeding into the processing zone.

The processing of the bed is performed on high-precision Japanese CNC equipment. Many parts that affect the vibration resistance of the apparatus during operation are made using ultra-precise casting technology.

Weinig machine

The diagram shows the basic device of a four-sided machine

The German four-sided Weinig machine is used to profile a wooden part from four sides at once. Processing of wood blanks occurs simultaneously with its profiling. Since everything is done in one technological operation, then such equipment significantly reduces the time spent on processing one product, thereby increasing the efficiency of workers.

The advantage of the Weinig four-sided planer over similar machines:

• the highest purity of processing of the wood surface of the part;
• very high performance;
• accuracy of product compliance with specified geometric parameters;
• ease of installation of equipment at the production site.

Weinig machine tools are used both in small-scale business and in the piece production of wood moldings. The impeccable cleanliness of the surface treatment allows the use of equipment for the production of products from any tree species.

S-25 series machines

The C-25 four-sided machine deserves special attention, which is designed for the manufacture of high quality molded wood products. This is primarily a floor board, lining, planed timber, skirting boards and platbands. The starting material for obtaining these products is a cut board or timber. The performance of S-25 allows you to get up to 2 cubic meters of high-quality products per hour.

With continuous feeding, the processing of the product occurs immediately from four sides in a large dimensional range. The device has a box-shaped frame made of cast iron, and calipers with workpiece clamping rollers and a feed mechanism are installed on it. This four-sided planer has steel pads-tables for the location of the wood blank during processing. The feed mechanism is equipped with a variator that allows you to smoothly change the feed speed in the range from 10 to 45 m/min.

Features of the S-25 device:

• located below the row of drive;
• high accuracy of all spindle units;
• the presence of feed rollers throughout the workpiece;
• high feed rate;
• ease of setup and changeover of the machine.

Domestic equipment S-25 is widely used both as a four-sided machine for lining and as a four-sided machine for timber.

The C-26 four-sided machine differs from its C25 counterpart in higher productivity, increased to 40 m / min and increased power, which allows removing a wood layer of a workpiece up to 10 mm thick in one pass. The operation of the device is allowed by low-skilled personnel, since its design is very simple and reliable. In addition, low quality blanks are allowed for processing. An important feature of such equipment is the possibility of its operation in an unsuitable room, sometimes right under a canopy from rain and snow.

Sometimes good option for an entrepreneur is to buy a used four-sided woodworking machine model C-26. Even with a long operating time, this equipment allows you to get high quality products. The main bearing units of domestic configuration can be easily restored, since all spare parts can be easily found on the equipment market. Usually the most consumables are planer knives, which are offered in abundance by many companies supplying spare parts for woodworking equipment.

Four-sided milling machines

The element of choice of equipment for the manufacture of molded wood products is a four-sided milling machine SKM M-412. It is used for four-sided processing of wood blanks with milling cutters. In this case, it is possible to create a product profile of small depth. The main application of these devices is furniture manufacturing, manufacture of various wooden stairs. Such equipment is usually used where high precision quality parameters are not required for products.

The price of a four-sided SKM wood lathe is currently 1,76,000 rubles.

Design features of the four-sided longitudinal milling machine SCM:

• separate electric motor for each working spindle;
• digital provision of positioning accuracy;
• high turnover of working bodies;
• compact arrangement of units and mechanisms;
• adjustable workpiece feed.

Thanks to the presence of a centralized control panel, the device is very convenient and easy to operate. Each of the spindles is controlled separately. It is easy to buy milling cutters for a four-sided machine by going to the websites of suppliers of woodworking equipment and accessories for them.

In addition to the four-sided equipment listed and described in the article, S-16 machines, Start machines and Griggio equipment are widely used by entrepreneurs. Any of these types technical support You can buy both new and used version.

When choosing which four-sided machine to buy, you need to accurately determine the range of future products and work performance. And already, proceeding from this, to dwell on some separate model. If the project requires low productivity and small transverse dimensions of the workpieces being processed, then a four-sided mini-machine may be more suitable, which will cost much less and will occupy a rather modest place on the production site.

Rice. 1. Four-sided machine with a belt drive of all units from a single transmission shaft

And indeed, when hewing and strict logs, the carpenter uses an ax, an adze and a scraper - a simple and inaccurate tool. But the carpenter holds in his hands such wonderful plows as a planer, sherhebel, jointer, zenzubel, foldedgebel, tongue and groove, moulder and others, with which you can not only plan the surface of a board or bar, but also form it along their entire length with high accuracy profile section. Another thing is what costs manual labor What qualifications will this job require?

Planing or milling?

They knew how to plan wood already three thousand years ago, back in ancient Egypt, and during the excavations of the city of Pompeii, which died in 79 AD. e., planes were found that are very similar to modern ones.

All the long centuries that have passed since then have tried to mechanize the planing process. And if the first lathe was created by Diodorus Siculus in 650 BC. e., then there is no such thing that could be called 100% planing today. Instead of it, humanity has only milling machines that replace it - jointing, thicknessing, milling with a vertical spindle (upper or lower) and four-sided - in the form of a combination of the previously mentioned ones, which allow processing the workpiece in one pass sequentially from all four sides. But since their use made it possible to abandon planing by hand, at the end of the 19th century they were mistakenly called planers by carpenters. And when, after a hundred years, Russian scientists began to deal with the classification of woodworking equipment, it turned out that these machines were not planing, but longitudinal milling.

The fact is that planing is the process of cutting wood with a knife, the blade of which moves parallel to the surface being processed. Planing like technological process involves obtaining one chip of constant thickness for the passage of a knife, for example, draining curls of chips when planing with a hand planer or planing veneer on special machines when the knife moves in a straight line.

And milling is the process of cutting wood with a rotating cutter, the cutters of which cut while moving along a circular path, while either the workpiece or the entire tool can perform a rectilinear translational motion of the feed. At the same time, the processing allowance is divided by cutters (knives) circulating along cycloids into a large number of chips, which, due to the kinematics of the process, have a variable cross section and resemble an elongated comma in shape.

The main difference between these two types of processing is that, from the point of view of the geometry of the machined surface, when planing it turns out to be flat, and when milling it turns out to be wavy, formed at the tops of the cycloid trajectories of milling knives by alternating depressions and ridges.

But the term "planing" has already firmly entered the professional vocabulary, technical literature, and even woodworking textbooks. And, developing our first GOST for these machines, its creators back in the early 1970s, in order not to make a revolution, were forced to take the term “longitudinal milling” in brackets in its name, leaving the familiar “planing” as the main one. Of course, over time it was planned to correct this mistake, but then this good intention was somehow forgotten...

Nevertheless, four-sided are called "longitudinal milling machines designed for flat and profile longitudinal milling of wood blanks in one pass from all four sides along the cross section."

History of the Quadrilaterals

It is believed that the inventor of the milling machine for metal processing was the Englishman Eli (Eli) Whitney, who received a corresponding patent in 1818. But soon such machines began to spread in woodworking. The first "planer-molder" machine - the forerunner of modern four-sided longitudinal milling machines - was patented in 1827.

The spread of such machines was hampered by the lack of an individual drive. The drive was group, that is, for all machines common, single, and was carried out from the shaft of the water wheel, and later - from the shaft steam engine, passed through the entire workshop, and separate belt drives for each rotating unit departed from it. It is clear that it was very difficult to bring several drive belts to all four spindles located in a four-sided machine both vertically and horizontally, as well as to the feed mechanism (Fig. 1).

The victorious procession of woodworking machines driven by their own electric motor began in 1907 with the creation of the DC Pattern Miller by the English company Wadkin. And 20 years later, in 1928 in Germany, the last large enterprises completed the replacement of the group transmission drive of machine tools with an individual one - from individual electric motors. The era of industrial woodworking began, in the development of technologies of which four-sided machines played one of the main roles.

Classification of quadrilateral machines

Rice. 2. The classic layout of the spindles of a four-sided machine:
1 - lower horizontal spindle;
2 - right vertical spindle;
3 - left vertical spindle;
4 - upper horizontal spindle

The purpose of four-sided longitudinal milling machines is the milling of bars, boards or timber to obtain blanks and parts having a rectangular or profile section that is constant along the entire length.

Scope - woodworking and furniture enterprises that produce molded joinery and construction products and semi-finished products, as well as furniture parts from solid solid wood.

Behind long years, which have passed since their invention, four-sided machines have retained the entire composition of the nodes originally incorporated in them, although they have seriously changed due to the improvement of the design.

Any such machine even today includes a bed with tables located on it (working and jointing); longitudinal guide lines; feed mechanism (concentrated or distributed); workpiece clamps (side and vertical); milling units (horizontal and vertical) and control system.

By execution, four-sided machines are conventionally divided into three main groups. The first includes light, with a width of processing parts up to 180 mm. They are intended primarily for the production of molded joinery and construction products (platbands, skirting boards, etc.) The feed speed of such machines is from 6 to 36 m / min (kinematic), the number of spindles is 4-6. The machines of the second group are medium, with a processing width of up to 250 mm. They are used for the production of building moldings, beams, boards, etc. The feed speed of machines in this group is 8-60 m / min, and for machines for sizing lumber - 150 m / min and higher with the number of spindles not more than five. The third group - heavy machines with a processing width of up to 600 mm. Serve for processing building beams, wall glued beams and other similar parts with a large cross section. There are also extra-heavy four-sided machines with a milling width of up to 2600 mm, used in the processing of wide glued panels and beams.

A few decades ago, the first group of machines also included machines with a processing width of 60-100 mm, but recently the demand for such equipment has decreased and its mass production almost stopped.

There is also a division of four-sided machines according to their technological purpose. Typically, machines have, as a rule, only four spindles for processing the workpiece from below, from both sides and from above.

If four-sided machines are equipped with devices and milling units to eliminate the curvature (warping) of the original workpieces, then, by analogy with a manual jointer, in a professional language they can be called planer. They have an elongated working (planer) table and aggregates at the inlet, which ensure the creation of a flat base surface on the lower face and edge of the original workpieces.

Machines equipped with an additional, fifth, spindle at the output, designed for sampling a deep longitudinal profile on workpieces or their longitudinal cutting with saws into workpieces, are called moulders - by analogy with a planer-moulder. Machines that combine the functions of planing and profile selection and equipped with the appropriate units and assemblies are called jointing and moulding.

The first moulder was designed in Germany in 1920 by Armin Berner. While working for Gubisch, he improved the design of the machine and expanded the range of its functions, as a result of which the first four-sided moulder was created.

Technological schemes of quadrilateral machines

Any four-sided machine can be considered as a combination of milling machine mechanisms grouped on one bed in the order of the sequence of operations for processing parts.

With the classical arrangement of spindles (Fig. 2), the lower horizontal one is the first in feed, which, like the spindle of a planer, creates a straight flat base surface on the lower face of the workpiece.

Then the first vertical spindle (usually to the right in feed) is installed in the machine, the task of which is to create a flat rectilinear base surface on the edge of the workpiece, which will be strictly perpendicular to the base formed on its lower face. The operation of this spindle is similar to that of a milling vertical machine with the lower arrangement of the spindle, which performs the function of jointing the edge.

In the machines of the classical scheme, the first vertical spindle is followed by a similar one, but performing the function of thickness processing to obtain a given width of the workpiece. The same spindle can simultaneously perform the formation of a profile on the edge.

The thickness is formed by the upper horizontal spindle by removing the allowance from the upper face of the workpiece - similar to processing on a one-sided thicknesser. With the same spindle, when installing the appropriate tool, it is possible to form a profile on the upper face of the workpiece.

Thus, on a four-sided machine, all four longitudinal surfaces of the part are sequentially processed, which, in fact, predetermined the name of the equipment.

However, in some cases, the sequence of arrangement and the number of spindles in a four-sided machine may differ from those adopted in the classical scheme.

In this case, the cross-sectional shape of the processed profile is of primary importance. It may, for example, have a large depth of allowance, which cannot be removed with one cutter due to the need for a large increase in the cutter diameter. The size (depth) of the allowance may be limited by the drive power of one spindle, which will not allow to remove the allowance completely in one pass. The profile may also have some undercuts that are not available for horizontal or vertical cutters.

In addition, when moving the workpiece through the machine, through reliable contact with the elements of the feed mechanism, strict uniformity of this movement must be ensured. But, say, in the manufacture of parts with a triangular or close to it section, there simply are no surfaces on the workpiece suitable for contact with the rollers of the feed mechanism, and the final formation of the profile must be carried out by several cutters mounted on calipers, which are located as close as possible to the output side of the machine .

All this may lead to the need to use additional horizontal and vertical spindles in the machine, including tilting ones.

But most often in four-sided moulders, for the formation of relatively simple profiles, a fifth, additional, spindle is used, the support of which allows it to be placed above, below, to the left or right of the workpiece, or tilted at any given angle.

A patent for such a universal molding support, rearranged to various positions, was obtained in 1954 by the German company Weinig.

The number of spindles, in comparison with the classical scheme, is also increased in planer four-sided machines. And the principle of operation of this equipment and jointing methods will be discussed in the next publication.

Andrey MOROZOV,
company "Media Technologies"
commissioned by LesPromInform magazine

4-sided wood router designed for planar and profile simultaneous milling of boards, beams and workpieces of various types (this tool is popularly called the "four-sided", we will not deviate from tradition). This tool has its own features and characteristics, which we will talk about ...

The most common quadrilateral models are C26-2M, C25-2A, C25, C16-2A. On the machine type C16-2A they work with cabinets, skirting boards, joinery and similar material. The first three machines process flooring (boards), as well as bars for window and door frames.

Setting up a four-sided machine

A four-sided woodworking machine is a cast-iron bed on which there is a table, cutting and feeding mechanisms that drive an electric motor.

Before starting work, it is necessary to install a sharply sharpened knife or cutter. After that, based on the part itself, the machine is set up (rulers, clamps, feeder, etc.). The clamping mechanism must be installed so that the bar passes as freely as possible and does not vibrate. The upper rollers are set so that the bar can pass under them when they are lowered down.

After making sure that the machine is set up, it is necessary to pass several test bars through it. Thanks to this, you will definitely make sure that the machine is set up correctly, and even if it is not, then you will not spoil the desired workpiece. Workpieces must be fed end to end. Short workpieces, first process in a multiple of the length, after which you can proceed to trimming.

Main problems and their elimination:

Uneven surface. The defect is possible due to improper adjustment of the knife shafts and / or vibration of the machine;

Pull-outs on the sides. This defect indicates an incorrect adjustment of the clamps, or the processing of curved workpieces;

Distorted profile - incorrect installation of knives / cutters on vertical heads;

Tongue and groove mismatch. This defect is formed due to inaccurate installation or sharpening of cutters.

Two basic safety rules - do not work on the machine without a fence, do not climb into the machine during its operation (clean, adjust, etc.).

Types of cutters, or how and what to work with ...

Before installation, knives and cutters must be perfectly sharpened and well balanced. Fasten to the shaft evenly, tighten the bolts alternately, starting from the center.

Cutters come in four types- mounted and end, solid and composite. To work with carpentry parts, shell and compound cutters are usually used. During the adjustment of the cutters, the parameters are saved, and at the end of sharpening, the profile does not change. The cutter diameter is 80-180mm.

To achieve smooth milling, use cylindrical shell cutters with a diameter of 80-140mm, a height of 40-260mm, with four insert knives.

For perfect grooves and ridges, use shell cutters. With this type of cutters, grooves 4-12 in width are chosen, in a board with a thickness of 28 and 36 mm.

Shell and groove cutters with brazed inserts are ideal for:

Rectangular longitudinal and transverse grooves;

Glued wood.

Milling cutters are supplemented with high-speed steel or hard alloy inserts.

For smooth milling, milling cutters are usually used, which have from 4 to 8 cutters. The advantages of milling cutters over knives are quick and easy installation, an increased level of safety (unlike knives).

Operation of the Four Sided Slotting Machine

Lubricant

It is necessary to lubricate the gears of the machine reducer every quarter (that is, every 3 months) with AK-Yu oil;

Ball bearings are lubricated with US-2 grease at the same intervals;

Bushings and plain bearings - every shift with solid oil US-3;

The set screws are lubricated with US-2 grease every month;

Lubricate caliper guides with IM-45 every month.

Setting up a four-sided machine

When adjusting the machine for the required thickness of the material, the support with the upper rollers, as well as the support of the upper cutter head, must be set in height using flywheels, and the pressure rollers - with screws. To adjust the width, use the left vertical spindle and side clamps.

Adjustment to the required profile is carried out by installing profile knives on the heads.

Basic rules for setting up a four-sided machine:

Install the edge of the front table and the lower rollers below the table, to a thickness equal to the layer of wood being removed;

The upper rollers are set according to the thickness of the workpiece (the margin for clamping is 5 mm);

The knives of the front head are installed at the level of the rear table;

The upper rollers and pressure rollers are adjusted according to the width and thickness of the workpiece. In rollers, the margin for clamping is 5 mm, in clamping rollers - 15-20 mm;

The guide stop ruler is installed at a distance of 3-4 mm from the vertical head (keep an angle of 90 with respect to the lower rollers);

We carry out the final alignment of the knife heads.

What should the machine provide after adjustment:

The straightness of the side edges (check with a probe, the allowable rate is 0.2 per meter);

Parallelism of opposite edges (check with a caliper, the allowable rate is 0.3);

Perpendicularity of adjacent edges (check with a probe, tolerance 0.15 by 0.1 m);

Uniform thickness of the bar.

Do-it-yourself four-sided machine

A high-quality four-sided machine for timber, which will give the owner the pleasure of using it and will bring a minimum of hassle, is quite expensive. A significant part of people prefer to make a homemade four-sided machine. It is not necessary to be a super professional to make a four-sided machine with your own hands. So, let's take a closer look at what stages the manufacture of the machine consists of.

Instruction

1. First of all, we create the frame for the machine itself. This is the surface on which everything will be installed. necessary equipment. The frame must necessarily have a U-shaped knee that will hold the Z axis. This requires a pipe 2.5 cm thick. Once the pipe joints are in place, apply sealant.
2. Motor and X-axis guides. Now we need to install the X-axis guides. They are made of aluminum, and should have a U-shaped notch 1.9 cm wide. You can buy them in every store that sells metal products. We install the motor with the holder and attach it to the motor shaft.
3. We are preparing the base (X-axis), we need metal or plastic that will be attached to the frame. Then we fix the bearings on a piece of aluminum.
4. We prepare platform Y. It is identical to platform X, only rotated 90 degrees. This is followed by the installation of the motor and rails on platform X, after which the movable platform Y is assembled. Don't forget about the coupling nut and bearing.
5. We assemble the Z axis. On this stage assembling the Z axis, repeat the procedure for assembling the X and Y axes. We take a flat material and attach the motor with guides to it, after which we install the bearing and the U-shaped profile. Our platform moves up and down, so under the weight of the engine it can come off. To prevent this, install a roller bearing at each end of the guide.

The final stage. Attach your engine to the Z platform and install the platform into the frame. Our design is almost ready. It remains for us to connect the electric motors and run the program.

We bring to your attention "How to assemble a four-sided machine" video.

Machines from well-known suppliers - quality assurance

"DIOS" - woodworking equipment and components

Commercial and industrial group "Marketlis-DIOS" has been providing customers with high-quality woodworking equipment from well-known world manufacturers for more than 17 years. Since 2002 this company operates as a separate structure, and more than successfully supplies Ukrainian manufacturers with high-quality and necessary equipment: woodworking machines, woodworking equipment and tools, etc.

The company annually takes part in world thematic exhibitions. Knowledge of the latest innovations and achievements in their field, as well as many years of experience, allow the company to compete with well-known European suppliers.

LLC "Trading House Negotsiant-engineering"

OOO " Trading house Negociant-engineering" began its existence in the woodworking market in 1997. Today, this company is one of the leaders in the supply of European woodworking equipment to the Russian market.

Among the customers of Trading House LLC are well-known Belarusian and Russian companies And furniture factories with whom trust has been established. "Trading House Negociant-engineering" is a dealer of more than one hundred European and Russian manufacturers equipment.

The company not only supplies equipment, but also provides consultations, offers final technical solutions, and also offers services for installation, commissioning and maintenance of equipment.

Global Edge Group of Companies

The expression "Global Edge" appeared in 1991. This is perhaps the most famous group of companies in the Russian market. Global Edge are pioneers who were the first to bring high-quality woodworking equipment to Russia in the 90s.

Band saw machines, American quadrilateral machines, European equipment for mass production furniture and other equipment - all this is the merit of Global Edge.

The company has many serious awards, including: the All-Russian competition "Russian Forest", "Leader of woodworking", "Best Russian enterprises”, “Best Supplier 2005”, “European Standard”, in all these competitions the company took first place.

Price for a four-sided milling machine

We have already considered how to make a machine with our own hands. However, if you have the opportunity to buy a finished machine, it is better to choose this option. per machine four-sided price quite diverse, and is in the price range - 400,000-1,000,000 rubles. The price of knives for a four-sided machine starts from 220 rubles. You can buy a used one, or a Chinese-made machine - but the effect is not at all the same. The two most best options- Buy or make your own.