Research project "life of pigeons". Research work "Dove dove Children's research project on the topic of pigeon breeding

The Dove Project is a research program launched by animal psychologist B.F. Skinner during World War II. It was developed when it didn't exist yet. electronic systems guidance.

Pigeons were chosen because they are light, affordable and easy to train.

1. Pigeons are trained to peck at targets on aerial photographs. Once a certain skill is achieved, each pigeon is placed in a casing inside the pipe.

2. Pipes with pigeons are fixed in the fuselage of the bomb. There are three doves in each neck. Three birds were needed to increase accuracy.

3. After the bomb was closed, the pigeons could see the area through a glass screen, onto which an image was projected using a lens system.

4. After launching the bomb at the sight of the target, the pigeons should have started pecking at the screen. As long as the dove pecks at the center of the screen, the projectile flies straight; but moving the pecks off-center causes the screen to roll, and this, in turn, through the flight control system, causes the projectile to change course.

Despite being skeptical of the idea, the National Defense Committee for Research contributed $25,000 to this research.

However, Skinner's plans to use pigeons in the Pelican rocket were deemed too eccentric and impractical.

The nose cone was intended for use on the PELICAN bomb.

The program was closed on October 8, 1944, as the military decided that "further development of the project will seriously delay work on other projects that, in the opinion of the competent authorities, will have a more visible and immediate effect for military purposes."

Project Dove was relaunched by the Navy in 1948 under the name "Project Orcon" under the direction of Dr. F.V.Taylor.

In artificially simulated tests, pigeons showed "surprisingly good results The scientists were convinced that pigeons could steer the projectile under optimal conditions, correcting for their own errors and those of the projectile.

55.3% of completed launches were successful.

But after 3 years of development and testing of equipment, the project was rejected, since the range of the Orcon system could not surpass the range of any optical system, and could only be used in the daytime.

The project was terminated in 1953 when there was no doubt about the reliability of the electronic control systems.

Purpose: To study the features of the lifestyle and reproduction of rock pigeons at home. Tasks: To select literature on the issue of breeding and caring for pigeons. Use in the work materials found on the Internet on the topic of research. Conduct a survey among the residents of the village about breeding pigeons. Find out how people relate to pigeons. Observe the habits of birds, what kind of food they prefer, how they breed; Bring out a pigeon at home; Learn to love and admire them;

Problem (why the study was done) Pigeons came to me by accident. What conditions do they need to create, how does mating occur? I could not answer these questions, but I really wanted to. Relevance: Keeping pigeons for breeding, increasing numbers and just as an exciting hobby has been and remains a common activity among adolescents, especially in rural areas. The main research methods were: viewing books and studying special literature, conversations with experienced breeders, experiments, observations of pets, description of the results obtained and comparison.

Research methodology: 1. Determine the species of the pigeon by the determinant 2. Study the peculiarity of their structure from various sources. 3. Visit the dovecote every day and observe: 3.1 what food I prefer 3.2 how to distinguish a dove from a dove 3.3 how doves create a family; 3.4 how chicks develop; 3.5 age-related changes in pigeons; 3.6 Importance of feather cover for birds Laboratory work Investigation of the effect of oil on bird feathers Equipment: bird feathers, a beaker with water, a test tube with oil. Progress. Pour oil into a glass of water and lower the bird's feather. How has the structure of the pen changed? Compare a clean feather and a feather contaminated with oil. Trying to wash the oil off the feather with water is the only remedy for birds. 4. Draw conclusions

species affiliation. Taxonomy: Order: Columbiformes (Columbiformes) Family: Columbidae (Columbidae) Genus: Pigeons (Columba) Species: Rock dove (Columba livia) Birds with a dense massive body. The legs and neck are short, the wings are long and sharp. The beak is rather short, the nostrils are covered from above with leathery caps.

Table 2. Results of the experiment to identify the food preferences of the pigeon. n / p Proposed food product 1 day 2 day 3 day 4 day 1 Seeds ++ 2 Oats +++ 3 Millet + 4 Peas + 5 Earthworms Scattered 6 Colorado beetles 7 White bread (crumb) + 8 Apple slices (small)

My observations on the life of pigeons. Day 1 - I have a pair of wild rock pigeons. Day 5 - The pigeon began to care for the dove, which means the pigeons were mating. Day 12 - The dove laid the first egg, the second egg will be laid by the dove in an hour. Day 14 - Dove with dove begin to incubate eggs. They incubate them in turn, if a dove during the day, then a dove at night. Day 20-My dad and I look at 6-7 days after incubation, whether a fertilized egg or not. Day 27 - We have a new offspring. Day 30-Our little pets got a little stronger.

3.5 Age changes in pigeons. Stages of development Age Feeding of chicks with goiter milk up to 6-8 days Beginning of plumage development 6-7 days Complete warming up 9th day Complete plumage of chicks 30 days Start of flight On the day First molt 7 weeks Beginning of the first cooing 2-2.5 months

Table 2 Change in the weight of the pigeon chick Age of the chick (in days) Weight of the chick (in grams) In terms of growth, pigeons rank first among all domestic birds. After 1 month, the young pigeons were already dressed in the first plumage and were slightly inferior in weight to their parents.

Conclusions: 1. People have different attitudes towards pigeons. 2. Cereals are preferred from the feed ration. 3. Keeping and breeding pigeons is easy. 4. In our temperate climate, pigeons can breed not only in spring, but also in summer. 5. If desired, and at low physical and material costs, you can breed a new breed of pigeons or improve the quality characteristics of an existing breed of pigeons.

Recommendations for the use of work by students Use the materials of this work to illustrate the meaning of birds in nature and in human life. The biology teacher should use this work in the lessons on the topic “Class of Birds.”. The young pigeon breeder should use the work of breeding pigeons as a practical guide.

1. Barkhanova G.I. Pigeons. "Phoenix", "Selyanochka" portal for farmers 3. article "Let's talk about pigeons" 4. damir "All about pigeons" 5. Kozlov M A textbook Biology Animals Grade 7-8 M .: Education, Dolgintseva Yu. Pigeons. RESPEX, Oil Spills and Living Organisms Author: Peter H. Albers, Literature

State institution "Zhalgyskan secondary school"

department of education of the akimat of Karasu district

Research on this topic

"My favorite pets are pigeons"

Section - Biology

Performer Akhmedov Tofig Grade 5

State institution "Zhalgyskan secondary school" of Karasu district, Kostanay region

Head: Akhmedova N.G. teacher

State institution "Zhalgyskan secondary school"

Study period 2013-2015

PLAN

1. Introduction.

2. Information about pigeons.

3. Breeds of pigeons. Distribution and habitat

4. Reproduction and crossing of pigeons. Breeding a new breed.

5. Feeding pigeons

6.Conclusion

7.Conclusion

Introduction

The relevance of research . We live in the 11th century - this is the century technical progress. We are surrounded by many technological innovations: computers, Cell Phones, LCD TVs, etc. we so quickly get used to everything new that man invents, completely unaware of what surrounds us, created by nature itself.

My work is dedicated to pigeons. I will answer why I chose this topic.

We live in a village. My dad passed on his love for pigeons to me. Pigeons occupy a special place in his life. He started breeding them as a child. His love for pigeons was transferred to me. Dealing with them, we “rest our souls. You can watch for hours how doves, performing miracles of high flight, go up, sparkling with their plumage in the sun. At the same time, it becomes joyful, all anxieties and sorrows recede away.

Subject my research is devoted to the study various breeds pigeons and breeding a new breed by crossing a wild female and a thoroughbred male.

Target my research is to learn something new for myself about pigeons, about their habits and habits, and the most interesting thing for me is breeding a new breed. My mom and I did this for a year.

The objectives of my research are:

1. Pick up literature and a variety of pictures with images of pigeons.

2. Use in the work the materials found on the Internet on the research topic.

3. Observe the life of pigeons of various breeds during the year when breeding and feeding chicks.

The main methods of my research were: viewing books and various literature; observation of my pets, a description of the results.

Research hypothesis

We assume that the true passion for pigeons, communication with them makes a person kinder, purer in soul and nobler in heart. Pigeon breeders can watch for hours how their pets, performing miracles of aerobatics, go up, sparkling with plumage in the sun. At the same time, the soul comes to life, all anxieties and sorrows recede away. This is one of the pleasures that a person receives by communicating with nature.

this work belongs to the section of problem - research

1. Information about pigeons

Rock dove Columba livia

The rock dove, along with sparrows, is a typical city dweller. It can be found throughout the European part of Russia, Western Siberia and in the south Far East. The wild species of these birds is common on the coast of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov, in the Urals and the Caucasus, in Kazakhstan. Birds that settle in the urban environment have a different color, while in the wild the Rock Pigeon is always colored the same: gray-gray plumage, two stripes on the wing, a gray tail and a dark beak. Through breeding, many new breeds of pigeons were obtained from the Blue Pigeon. About my breed, which I bred, I want to tell you below.

scientific classification

Kingdom: Animals
Type: Chordates
Subtype: Vertebrates
Class: Birds
Order: Pigeons
Family: Pigeons
Genus: Pigeons
Species: rock dove

Appearance

Pigeons, common in the wild, do not look like all the usual city birds. Urban birds can have more than 30 color options: from white and beige to almost black.

There are practically no differences between the male and the female, except for the fact that the plumage on the female's chest is less shimmery with silver. Juveniles have lighter plumage and a gray or brown iris for the first six months.

An ordinary pigeon has a grayish-gray plumage, gray wings with two characteristic stripes, on the chest the plumage casts a metallic yellowish or purple color. The size of the dove ranges from 30 to 35 cm, weight - about 300 grams. Feathers densely tear the body, but are poorly fixed on the skin. Around the eyes of the dove there are non-feathered areas. The beak is dark, almost black, surrounded by a characteristic white area - cere. The eyes are orange-red or yellow. Wings with a metallic sheen, span - up to 65 cm. The tail is straight or slightly rounded, with a dark stripe along the edge. Paws are red or pink.

2. Breeds of pigeons. Distribution and habitat

Pigeons inhabit the entire Eurasian territory. They can be found from the Yenisei to Altai, on the borders of East India and Myanmar, and even in Africa. Live on the islands mediterranean sea, British, Faroe and Canary Islands. Initially, in Russia, pigeons settled only on the coast of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov, in the Volga region and in the North Caucasus. Over time, the birds spread throughout the country. Today, pigeons can be found all over the world. They live even in cool, high-altitude places, and always inhabit areas cultivated by man. Pigeons settle not only near settlements, but also in forests. Also, some birds prefer rocky areas and mountains. For example, rocky pigeons make nests in the recesses of rocks, in caves. In the south, rock pigeons are sedentary, while in the north, birds move to warmer places for wintering. Pigeons settle in flocks, colonies, but at the same time they are monogamous. The population of wild species of pigeons is not large and over time the number of birds decreases. Pigeons were brought to other continents and islands (America, Great Britain) on purpose, initially not living there. Pigeons were brought to Nova Scotia by colonists in the 15th century. In Kazakhstan, 5 species of pigeons are common: rock pigeon, rock pigeon, stock dove, pigeon, Japanese pigeon. People breed and decorative pigeons to enjoy looking at these beautiful birds. This is a peacock dove, and a puffin, and Bukhara pigeons, and many, many others.

pigeon breeding

In conditions wildlife pigeons settle in colonies, within which they form pairs. Pigeons are monogamous and remain faithful to their partner throughout their lives. The male attracts the female with a beautiful mating dance: he cooes, walks around her, spins, spreads feathers, puffs out his goiter. Sometimes both doves take off, flapping their wings vigorously, and soar in the air. In response to courtship, the female begins to show attention to the male and usually the dance ends with mutual encouragement: the birds clean each other's plumage, touch each other with their beaks, the female can peck the male on the head. The nesting period for pigeons has no clear boundaries and can last at any time throughout the year. In many ways, it depends on the area where the pigeons live. In Eurasia, pigeons breed mainly from March to October.
Pigeons make nests in rocks or other places inaccessible to predators. Pigeons - inhabitants of cities for nesting choose places of the cultural landscape, reminiscent of natural conditions: attics of houses, cornices, crevices in brickwork. I built a dovecote for my pigeons.

Having built a nest, a pair of pigeons can use it repeatedly to breed offspring.

When building a dwelling, the male produces construction material, which is served by various twigs, straws and blades of grass. The female is directly involved in the construction of the nest. The nest is made simply, one might say, carelessly, and has flat shape. Pigeons are very careful and try to equip their nests so that it is extremely difficult for a person to detect them.


The female lays 1-2 white eggs with a smooth shiny shell in the nest. The female lays eggs intermittently (about two days).

Both partners incubate the offspring. The male is in the nest, as a rule, in the morning, while the female is busy eating. If the female lingers for a long time, the male begins to coo invitingly so that the female will quickly replace him in the nest. The incubation period lasts from 17 to 30 days, depending on the breed of the pigeon. Chicks are born at intervals of a couple of days, they are absolutely helpless and covered with sparse hairy down. At first, their parents feed them " bird's milk"- a nutrient fluid released into the goiter.It consists of 64-82% water, 7-13% fat and fat-like substances, 10-19% protein, 1.6% minerals and astringents, vitamins A, D, E, B. By appearance in the first days, the milk resembles yellowish liquid sour cream, rancid butter to taste. After 3-4 days, it becomes thicker, on the 6-7th day, the parents mix crushed food particles into it. And on the 10-11th day, the chicks already receive grain and mineral impurities with water.

After the first chick hatches, the parents immediately start feeding it. The female usually starts feeding first. The dove lowers its head to the chick, grabs its beak with its beak and regurgitates the prepared food. By the time the second chick appears, the first one has time to get goiter two or three times. After each regurgitation, the female raises her body and beak again and, without releasing the chick's beak, gives him another portion. For one feeding, she produces 10-15 regurgitations, with an interval of 10-20 seconds. After a short break -6-10 seconds - feeding is resumed. Having sated, the chick takes it under the dove. After 1.5-2.5 hours, feeding is resumed. Pigeons secrete milk for an average of 9-10 days. From the 10th day after hatching the chick, milk production is reduced. If the production of milk is timely, and the hatching of the brood is delayed by 2-3 days, the pigeons may leave the nest,

without waiting for the appearance of the chicks. The brood in this case dies from overcooling.

Such food has a high energy value, contains a lot of proteins and few carbohydrates. When the chicks grow up, the parents begin to feed them with plant seeds. Outwardly, young pigeons are similar to adults, but have a faded plumage and a brown color of the iris. After a month or so, the chicks become independent, fly out of the nest. The ability to reproduce in pigeons appears at the age of about six months.

The interest of bird lovers in pigeons has a long history. Pigeons have been bred in captivity since ancient times. Birds began to be tamed in Central Asia and Egypt. Then they spread to Italy and further throughout Europe. In India, too, many were engaged in the selection of pigeons. Thus, considerable experience has been gained in breeding birds in captivity. During this time, more than 800 different breeds of pigeons have been bred. They can be divided into three main groups: meat, sports and decorative. Representatives of various breeds of pigeons have characteristics according to which they are assigned to one species or another.
Pigeons differ not only in size, but also in physique, plumage color and ability to fly. Most often, pigeons are bred for sporting purposes, but there are also lovers of breeding and maintaining pure breeds, which stand out for their beautiful plumage and voice.

Many breeders are interested in improving the flying ability of birds. Carrier pigeons belong to the sport species.

They can for a short time make flights over long distances (300-500 km.). At the same time, they are well oriented and always return home. The flight speed reaches 60 km. at one o'clock.

Today, sports (mail) pigeons participate in various competitions. So, at the beginning of the 19th century, the first tournament for sporting pigeons was organized in Belgium. This was the beginning of a new breed of pigeons, called "Voyageurs" ("Travelers"). These pigeons are aces of flight. They can reach speeds up to 140 km. at one o'clock.
The meat pigeon breeding industry is not widespread in Kazakhstan, but is popular in other countries (France, Italy, Hungary). Its purpose is to bring out large birds, weighing about 1 kg., capable of rapid reproduction.

Breeders have bred many decorative breeds of pigeons. These birds amaze with their appearance. For example, warty pigeons are distinguished by a “shirt-shirt” on their necks, and among the so-called Asiatic pigeons, one can meet peacocks with beautiful tail plumage, curly pigeons, deep Jacobins, having a beautiful “crown” or “wig” on their heads.

Nutrition

Pigeons eat twice a day: in the morning and in the evening. In search of food, birds are able to make long-distance flights.
The main diet of pigeons is grain. They also feed on seeds, fruits, berries, and rarely insects. Pigeons easily adapt to the food offered to them by humans. In the conditions of cities, pigeons can often be seen in the garbage heaps, looking for food among the garbage. Pigeons are illegible in food for the following reason: there are no more than 40 taste buds on their tongue (a person has 10 thousand of them).

Water plays an important role in the nutrition of pigeons. It contributes to the swelling of the grains. Pigeons drink water in a way that is not typical for birds: they immerse their beak in water to the very nostrils and suck in the liquid.

pigeon breeding

At this time, more than 800 different breeds of pigeons have already been bred. Pigeons are crossed either of the same breed to maintain the valuable qualities of birds or pigeons of different breeds - to improve the species.
Pigeons in breeding science can be divided into three main groups: meat, sport and decorative. Representatives of various breeds of pigeons have characteristic features by which they are classified as one or another species. Pigeons differ not only in size, but also in physique, plumage color and ability to fly.
9
In Russian tradition, there is a special term - pigeon breeding. There are special nurseries for breeding pigeons - pigeon houses. Until recently, they were extremely popular among ordinary residents - dovecotes could be found in the courtyards of cities and in the suburbs. Dovecotes are equipped with special nest boxes - steam boxes. There are still hundreds of thousands of pigeon breeders all over the world. By selection, hundreds of species of pigeons were bred, which are distinguished by an amazing variety, both in external

traits and ability to fly.I decided to see what kinds would come out if cross a wild dove

and purebred male .

That's what happened!

Pigeons are strong and hardy birds. And I want to note one more quality. Pigeons are very responsible parents. They do not abandon their nests even in extreme situations. During a fire in the dovecote, the pigeons did not abandon their nests, but continued to sit on them, protecting their unhatched chicks. The rest of the pigeons hovered in the air without flying far. After extinguishing the fire, the whole flock flocked to the still hot roof. I was very touched by such a responsible attitude of pigeons to their family.

In Palestine, doves were sacrificed to the gods; among the Jews, the dove was a symbol of love and moral purity. In Christianity, the dove has a special meaning: this bird is a symbol of peace and friendship.

I love my pigeons so much!!!

Conclusion

In my work, I tried to give a variety of information about pigeons. He considered questions from the history of pigeon breeding, learned a lot about the breeds of pigeons and their reproduction.

Based on their work, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1. Pigeons - amazing birds that bring joy to people.

2.Exists many breeds for various purposes.

I would like to end with these words

Literature review

From literary sources, we found out that at present there is an increasing interest of society in breeding pigeons.Schmidt H. “Doves. 300 breeds for exhibition and breeding. Complete Atlas.”-From this atlas we learned about more than three hundred breeds of pigeons: their history, use, exhibition and breeding value, as well as all the important and characteristics these amazing birds.It says that pigeon breeding is one of the many hobbies of people. Devoting his leisure time to breeding pigeons, a person creatively approaches his favorite pastime, constantly experimenting, trying to get a new breed of domestic pigeons or offspring from exotic species of these birds. We also learned that pigeon clubs have been created in the cities of Kazakhstan, which conduct great propaganda on the protection of birds and the development of amateur pigeon breeding in their cities, provide assistance and give helpful tips beginner pigeon breeders, arrange exhibitions, organize work with children - pigeon breeding sections and circles.

In books such as: "All About Pigeons" S.P. Bondarenko , the magazine "Pigeon breeding", the book.A.F. Ziper "All about pigeons" -described in detail biological features pigeons, the conditions of their maintenance and breeding, the classification of breeds of pigeons is given.

Bibliography:

1. Bondarenko S.P. “It's all about pigeons. Practical Tips» Moscow 2002

2.S.P. Bondarenko. “All about pigeons” -2004

3.A.F. Ziper “All about pigeons” -2001

4. Magazine "Pigeon breeding" Moscow 2009

5. Schmidt H. “Doves. 300 breeds for exhibition and breeding. Complete Atlas.-2008.

Review

for research work

“My favorite pets are pigeons” by a 6th grade student of the State Institution “Zhalgyskan School”

Akhmedova Tofiga

This research work, carried out on the topic "My favorite pets are pigeons" is theoretical, research, problem-search.

The work is done on 19 sheets. In the course of the work, the author used additional literature, Internet resources, did a lot of research work, observing the breeding of pigeons.

Relevance research is that we live in the 11th century and do not notice at all what surrounds us, created by nature itself.

But one has only to stop a little, look around, observe.

The world of birds is very colorful and diverse. There are a lot of birds in nature. In the forest, on the river, in the field - birds live all around. And every bird is beautiful in its own way.

It is human nature to desire nature.

This desire also implies communication with other living beings.

Hypothesis research lies in the fact that a true passion for pigeons, communication with them makes a person kinder, cleaner in soul and nobler in heart. Pigeon breeders can watch for hours how their pets, performing miracles of aerobatics, go up, sparkling with plumage in the sun. At the same time, the soul comes to life, all anxieties and sorrows recede away. This is one of the pleasures that a person receives by communicating with nature.

Head of research N.G.Akhmedova

Nomination " Children's project in primary school"

If you ask yourself what kind of birds we see on the streets of the city most often, the answer will be unambiguous - pigeons. Most of them are easy to tame and are not afraid of humans. But living with these birds literally side by side, we do not see pigeon chicks. In the flock, everyone is the same size, so what the chicks look like and what they do until they are fully grown is a mystery to many.

Problem question:Why on the streets of the city, where there are so many pigeons, we never meet their chicks?

Objective of the project: find out if pigeons have chicks, and if so, why we don’t see them.

Project objectives:

1. Conduct a survey (questionnaire) among adults and children.

2. Study the materials of the library and Internet resources.

3. Watch the pigeons.

4. Create a calendar "Unusual pigeons".

Hypothesis: I assumed that there are no small pigeons and they are born immediately as adults.

Object of study: pigeons.

Project participants: children, parents.

Implementation period: one year.

Research methods:study of literature;conducting a survey;own observations.

Project description

After conducting a sociological survey, I confirmed my assumptions. 80% of respondents have not seen pigeon chicks, 40% think they exist, but have never seen them, but everyone wants to know where they are hiding.

From additional literature we found out that there are approximately 300 species of pigeons. These birds live in all parts of the world except for extremely cold areas, but most species live in tropical climates.

In Christianity, the dove symbolizes the holy spirit, purity, peace, baptism, good news. The Bible says that Noah sent a dove in search of dry land after the flood, which then brought an olive branch. Having become a symbol of peace, the dove is depicted as a monument in many cities of the world, it is installed in 33 cities.

Pigeons are heroes. With the word hero, we have an image of a brave man who saved many lives. Unfortunately, not many people know that our feathered friends, pigeons, were also heroes. In wartime, they carried out complex assignments and often risked their lives. Most famous bird became a dove named Commando. In 1945, the pigeon received a medal for his courage. And in 1946, the dove Soldier JOE was awarded for saving thousands of lives.

Conclusion: my hypothesis is not Confirmed, chicks exist! And there are explanations for the fact that we do not see them.

First, pigeons build their nests in places resembling caves and rocks. In nature, pigeons are inhabitants of mountains, rocks and steep banks. They settle in places inaccessible to those who like to taste game - cracks and caves, where they place nests, incubate eggs and feed chicks. City pigeons easily adapt to settlements, since buildings and structures remind them of natural conditions and allow them to settle in places inaccessible to humans and predators. In cities, they nest on rooftops, under window sills, under bridges.

Secondly, the chicks do not leave the nest for up to six weeks, until they grow up. At the age when the chicks fly out of the nest, they are absolute copies of their parents, but smaller. Another difference is that up to 8 months the plumage of chicks does not have a characteristic metallic sheen, as in adults. Teenage pigeons can be recognized by hyperactive behavior, pestering other pigeons (begging for food). Even adolescents can be found mostly near the nesting site.

Project "The Secret of the Pigeons Revealed"

Ministry of Education of the Republic of Bashkortostan Municipal educational institution average comprehensive school № 5 municipal district Meleuzovsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan Research work Theme: “The dove bird of my city” Performed by Valishin Iskander, student of class 4 “B”, head Kalyanova Natalya Viktorovna Meleuz 2016 Table of contents 2 5 6 7 3 4 Introduction 1. general information about the dove. 2. Interesting facts about the pigeon. 3. City pigeons. 89 4. Conversation survey with a pigeon breeder. 5. Birdwatching. 6. Organization and conduct of the experiment. 7. Conclusion. 14 8. List of used literature. 9.App. 15 16 1112 10 13 3 Introduction. Pigeons and people. The dove is so familiar that sometimes we do not notice it. He, like other birds, has a beak, neck, head, torso, tail, wings, legs and body is covered with feathers. (Fig. 1) Figure 1. The appearance of a pigeon. Dove to man. Why? Probably from us he is waiting for warmth and attention. Maybe it's worth trying to try to be closer to making contact with this community, to take a step towards it. For this, I tried to find out more about the bird that I meet every day near my house, near school, at bus stops. Subject. The dove is the bird of my city. Target. Determine if pigeons need human attention. Tasks: To study: 1. What order of birds does it belong to? 2. How many species of pigeons exist in nature? 3.What is the life expectancy? 4. What is the flight speed of a pigeon? 5. How does he nurse his offspring? 6. Are there monuments dedicated to this bird? Explore: 1. In what places of our city does it live? 2. What does it eat? Hypothesis. I assume that pigeons need help and attention from a person. Research methods: reading books on the research topic; use of Internet materials; discussion with adults; conducting experiments; independent analysis of the results. 1. General information about the pigeon The DOVE is a semi-domestic and wild bird. (Ushakov Dictionary) According to rough estimates, there are more than 800 breeds of pigeons in the world, most of them are decorative. About 200 breeds are bred in our country, many of them exist only in Russia. Pigeons are conditionally divided into four groups: (Fig. 2) Types of pigeons Sports (postal) Figure 2. Classification of pigeons. Decorative Flying (racing) Meat Each of the breeds has its own style of flight. Some rise in circles to a great height and circle for several hours, others immediately go up and seem to stand in one place for hours. And there are those who tumble in flight over their heads, falling down, or, as lovers say, “knocking out a pole”, go up. No less popular among bird lovers are decorative pigeons. When breeding these breeds great importance attached to the beauty of plumage and original appearance. For example, peacock (trumpeted) pigeons attract attention. They got their name from the rich plumage of the tail. When caring for a dove, the male throws his tail over his back, spreading it like a fan. I also learned about how a wild pigeon cooes - a klintukh. In old parks, in the crowns of large deciduous trees, one can sometimes hear a low, unhurried, repeated sound “ububububub…” several times in a row. About another representative of the pigeon family - the common turtledove, I read that with her “turbling” she declares herself everywhere. Her voice is a soft and unhurried "turrturrturr ...", performed with a certain rhythm and emphasis many times in a row. 2. Interesting facts about the bird. 5 thousand years ago, domestic pigeons were already known in ancient Egypt. The dove is the hero of many ancient legends and ritual actions. According to legend, the god of war Mars did not fight because a dove made a nest in his battle helmet. The formidable warrior did not dare to destroy the bird's nest, and the war was prevented. From that moment on, the dove became a symbol of peace and friendship, and among the ancient Jews, love and morality. Pigeons are cruel. And if in dogs the winner licks the one who surrenders, then these meek birds can beat the vanquished to death with blows of their beaks. Well-trained carrier pigeons can reach speeds of up to 60-70 kilometers per hour. The height of their flight in bad weather is 100 150 meters, in good weather 300 350 meters. They withstand a sports distance of up to 500,600 kilometers. The radius of departure of pigeons from the dovecote in search of food reaches 40 kilometers. The resulting pigeon couples are strong and do not collapse in case of any family troubles (with the exception of the death of one of the spouses). This bird is flocking, that is, it keeps in groups, often of impressive size. In Paris, England, there are monuments to this bird ... It happened in 1942. English submarine fascist planes were damaged, and she was forced to sink to the bottom. Death seemed inevitable. Two pigeons lived on board the submarine. Notes were attached to the paws of the birds indicating the coordinates of the location of the boat, they were placed in a special capsule, which was thrown out through the torpedo tube. The dove died during the storm, but the dove managed to fly to the base. And help came. For this feat, the dove was awarded the highest military award of Great Britain and immortalized in the form of a bronze bird. However, this monument is a sign of gratitude and respect to all 200 thousand winged signalmen who "served" in the British army during the Second World War. "A flock of pigeons" was established in honor of the 60th victory in the city of Angarsk. Monument 3. Urban pigeons They originated from wild gray pigeons crossed with pigeons of different breeds, from which they inherited a variety of colors. In the cities you can meet the rock pigeon. It is similar to the rock dove, but is well distinguished by a white stripe on the tail, noticeable during takeoff. This species is very trusting of humans. Birds settle in attics and eaves of houses, rest on roofs and feed on what people throw, seeds of wild plants, due to lack of food, especially in winter, sometimes they peck at landfills for the remains of vegetables and fruits. In spring, the birds form pairs. Sometimes they arrange tournaments: they beat each other with wings and peck at an opponent. There are only two eggs in the clutch. (Fig. 3) Figure 3. Dove laying. Incubation lasts 17 days. At the same time, the female sits on the eggs from 16 pm to 10 am, then the male replaces her, and she goes to eat and rest. (Fig. 4) Figure 4. Caring parents. The chicks are born naked and blind. (Fig. 5) Figure 5. Pigeon chicks. Up to 10 days of age, parents feed them only "Bird's milk". At the age of 2530 days, pigeons are already quite independent. 4. An interview with an amateur pigeon breeder. How did you decide to start breeding pigeons? Since childhood. First they played with the boys. Gradually grew into something more. You could say it's a hobby. How and what do you feed? I feed every day in the morning. I will definitely change the water. The premises must be kept clean. I feed millet, wheat, seeds. What chickens eat, so do they. What breed of pigeons do you keep? Gaming. They are very beautiful in flight. Where do you get pigeons? We exchange with friends. They live in Orenburg, Kumertau, Magnitogorsk. I keep in touch with them. Pigeons themselves lay two eggs. They hatch for 21 days and chicks appear. And if they get sick, do you treat them? I buy medicine for them in the veterinary pharmacy. Or take me to the vet. Does anyone in the family enjoy pigeon breeding? The son was fond of, now he has stopped. Do they bring you profit? No. I keep them, how to say how people keep cats and dogs. How was the pigeon house built? It's not easy, took built. I have special permission for this. Thank you very much! It was very interesting! 5. Birdwatching. My further research went through the observation of birds in their natural environment. The purpose of the observation: to find out if there are pigeons in the city, in what places they live. Object of observation: pigeons. Equipment: neighborhood plan, pencil, notepad. To do this, I determined the observation route, which began from Tekhnicheskaya street 10. On the plan (Fig. 6), I marked the points where the birds met. At all control points - counted pigeons. Figure 6. Observation route. The results of the observation, issued in the form of table No. 1. No. Points Feature of the place Quantity Features of observation of the observed birds 1 2 3 4 5 6 Tekhnicheskaya st. People fed A lot of people 2 sick birds People fed 3 birds with frostbite 1 bird with frostbite People feed TOTAL: 69 6 sick Table 1. The result of monitoring the distribution of birds within the city. Conclusion: the pigeon is found in places where it is warm (sewer manholes), at bus stops, near shops, in markets, therefore, where there are a lot of people. This means that birds need people, they expect help and attention from them. 6. Organization and conduct of the experiment. Purpose: to find out what kind of food pigeons prefer. Experimental object: pigeon. Place of experiment: Collective farm market. Equipment: different kinds feed: sunflower seed, pumpkin seed, white bread, rye bread, apple slices, orange slices. During the week, at the same time, the birds were offered different foods, which were given at the same time (in different piles). I fixed which of the feeds the bird eats first. I showed the result in the form of table No. 2. + + Pumpkin seed Food eaten first Proposed food product Sunflower seed No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Table 2. Results of the experiment to identify food preferences Apple slices (small) Rye bread (crumb ) White bread (crumb) Pieces of orange + + + + + + + + + + + + + dove. Conclusion: most of all, pigeons prefer sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds are in second place, bread is 3rd and 4th, but pigeons remained indifferent to fruits. 7. Conclusion. Studying reference, popular science literature, I was able to learn a lot about the pigeon interesting facts. Through my observations in nature and experiment, I was able to establish that pigeons need human attention, especially in winter. This is not the end of my study of the pigeon. The next stage of my work is the development and production of a leaflet in which I will tell my classmates how to care for and care for a pigeon. 8. List of used literature. 1. B.E. Raikov, M.N. Rimsky Korsakov "Zoological excursions" M.: "Topical" 1994 2. encyclopedic Dictionary young naturalist. M .: "Pedagogy - Press" 3. Birds of fields and forests. M .: Terra - Book Club. 1998 4. Songbirds. M .: Terra - Book Club. 1998