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Characteristics of the workplace of the janitor sample. Janitor job description General labor protection requirements

We offer you approximate data for certification of workplaces of a cleaner of territories (janitor):

Equipment used, fixture tools:

Rake, broom, shovel

Harmful (dangerous) factors present at the workplace of a territory cleaner (janitor):

Microclimate.

The parameters of the intensity of the labor process of the cleaner of the territories (janitor):

Participates in the production process, making decisions on a series of instructions in the process, based on the perception of simple signals on established schedule with possible adjustments along the way. Checks the correctness of the fulfillment of his own task and is responsible for the functional quality of the auxiliary work of the enterprise. Actual working hours: 8 hours.

The severity of the labor process of the territory cleaner (janitor) (women);

During the working day, he works with the Rake (1.00 times: moving 0.70 kg. from the working surface to a distance of 200.00 m. holding for 2.00 minutes; applying a force of 1.00 kg.*s. during 118.00 min with both hands, making 24.00 stereotypical movements per minute with predominant regional load for 118.00 min.)

With a shovel (moving 0.70 kg. from the working surface to a distance of 200.00 m. holding for 2.00 minutes; applying a force of 2.00 kg.*s. for 118.00 minutes with both hands; making 12 stereotypical movements per minute with a predominant regional load for 118.00 minutes; making 1 forced tilt; being in a standing position)

With a broom (moving 1 kg. at a distance of 200.00 m. holding for 2.00 minutes; applying a force of 1.00 kg. * s. for 118.00 minutes with both hands; making 24 stereotyped movements per minute with an advantage regional load for 118.00 minutes, being in a standing position, moving 0.5 km horizontally).

Additionally, it travels a distance of 3.00 km. horizontally.

- introductory - when applying for a job;

- primary at the workplace - when applying for a job directly in the unit;

- repeated - at least once a quarter according to the program of primary briefing for the janitor;

- unscheduled - when new regulatory legal acts containing labor protection requirements are adopted, or amendments and additions are made to them, in case of violation of regulatory legal acts containing labor protection requirements, during breaks in work by profession for more than two months, upon receipt of information about incidents and accidents that occurred in one-profile organizations, at the request of the employer or official organization responsible for the organization of labor protection;

- target - when performing one-time work that is not related to direct duties in the specialty (liquidation of the consequences of accidents, natural disasters and catastrophes).

1.3. The janitor must, within the first month from the date of employment, undergo training in safe methods of performing work, an internship and a test of knowledge on, and first aid in the event of an accident.

1.4. Admission of the janitor to independent work is carried out by the local normative act Services of administrative and economic support and is issued by order for this unit. In the future, training and testing of knowledge on labor protection and fire safety janitor is carried out at least once a year.

1.5. When carrying out the work process, the janitor may be exposed to harmful and (or) dangerous production factors. The most characteristic harmful and (or) dangerous production factors include:

- reduced air temperature of the working area;

- increased air movement;

- insufficient illumination of the working area;

- sharp edges, burrs and uneven surfaces of inventory and tools;

- physical overload;

— electricity and the possibility of electric shock if the rules of electrical safety are not observed;

- unclosed hatches, wells and getting injured when falling into them;

- risk of injury when cleaning an icy surface;

- danger of clogging the eyes with dust or sand;

- getting injured by moving snowplows, from falling height when working with a ladder.

1.6. The janitor must know:

- instructions on labor protection for the janitor;

Labor intensity- a characteristic of the labor process, reflecting the load mainly on the central nervous system, sensory organs, and the emotional sphere of labor.

Impact on the human body

Mental work is associated with the perception and processing of a large amount of information. Mental labor combines work related to the reception and transmission of information, requiring activation of the processes of thinking, attention, memory. This type labor is characterized by a significant decrease in motor activity. The main indicator of mental labor is tension, which reflects the load on the central nervous system. Energy consumption during mental work is 2500 - 3000 kcal per day.

But energy costs vary depending on the working posture. So, in a working posture sitting, energy costs exceed the level of basal metabolism by 5–10%; standing - by 10 - 25%, with a forced uncomfortable posture - by 40-50%. With intensive intellectual work, the brain's need for energy is 15-20% of the total metabolism in the body. The increase in total energy costs during mental work is determined by the degree of neuro-emotional tension. Daily energy consumption during mental work increases by 48% when reading aloud while sitting, by 90% - when lecturing, by 90 - 100% - for computer operators. In addition, the brain is prone to inertia, because after the cessation of work, the thought process continues, which leads to greater fatigue and exhaustion of the central nervous system than with physical labor(see figure 1).

Picture 1

Mental work is associated with nervous tension, which depends on the significance, danger and responsibility of the work. With nervous tension, tachycardia, an increase in blood pressure, an ECG change, and an increase in oxygen consumption occur. For proper organization mental activity it is necessary: to gradually "enter" the work, to observe the rhythm, systematicity.

This type of labor is characterized by a significant decrease in motor activity (hypokinesia), which leads to cardiovascular pathology; prolonged mental stress depresses the psyche, impairs the functions of attention, memory (see Figure 2). The main indicator of mental labor is tension, which reflects the load on the central nervous system.

Figure 2

Normalized indicators

All indicators have a qualitative or quantitative expression and are grouped according to the types of loads:

intellectual;
sensory;
emotional;
monotonous;
mode loads.

The intensity of the labor process should be assessed at each workplace. The assessment of labor intensity is based on the analysis of the labor activity of employees, job descriptions, chronometric observations (photographs of the working day) and peer review. Classes of working conditions must be determined according to all 23 estimated indicators presented in Table 18 of Guideline R 2.2.2006-05.

Classes of working conditions according to the intensity of the labor process

Indicators of intensity of the labor process	Optimal class of working conditions. Mild tension	Permissible class of working conditions. Medium tension	Harmful class 3.1	Harmful class 3.2
1.Intelligent load
1.1Content of the work	No need to make a decision	Solution simple tasks according to instructions	Solving complex problems with the choice of known algorithms (work on a series of instructions)	Heuristic (creative) activity requiring the solution of an algorithm, sole leadership in difficult situations
1.2 Perception of signals (information) and their evaluation	Perception of signals, but no action correction required	Perception of signals with subsequent correction of actions and operations	Perception of signals with subsequent comparison of the actual values of the parameters with their nominal values. Final evaluation of actual parameter values	Perception of signals with subsequent comprehensive assessment related parameters. Comprehensive assessment of all production activities
1.3 Distribution of functions according to the degree of complexity of the task	Job Processing and Execution	Processing, execution of the task and its verification	Processing, checking and monitoring the execution of the assignment	Control and preliminary work on the distribution of tasks to other persons
1.4Nature of work performed	Work according to an individual plan	Work according to the established schedule with its possible correction in the course of activities	Working under time pressure	Work in conditions of lack of time and information with increased responsibility for final result
2. Sensory loads
2.1 Duration of focused observation (% shift time)	up to 25	26 – 50	51 – 75	over 75
2.2 Density of signals (light, sound) and messages on average for 1 hour of work	up to 75	76 – 175	176 – 300	over 300
2.3 Number of facilities for simultaneous monitoring	up to 5	6 – 10	11 – 25	over 25
2.4 The size of the object of distinction (with a distance from the eyes of the worker to the object of distinction no more than 0.5 m) in mm with the duration of concentrated observation (% of the shift time)	more than 5 mm - 100%	5 - 1.1 mm - more than 50%; 1 - 0.3 mm - up to 50%; less than 0.3 mm - up to 25%	- 0.3 mm - more than 50%; less than 0.3 mm - 26 - 50%	less than 0.3 mm - more than 50%
2.5 Working with optical instruments (microscopes, magnifiers, etc.) during the duration of concentrated observation (% of shift time)	up to 25	26 – 50	51 – 75	over 75
2.6 Monitoring the screens of video terminals (hours per shift):
with alphanumeric type of information display	up to 2	until 3	up to 4	over 4
with a graphical type of information display	until 3	up to 5	until 6	over 6
2.7 Load on the auditory analyzer (when it is necessary to perceive speech or differentiated signals)	Intelligibility of words and signals from 100 to 90%. No interference	The intelligibility of words and signals is from 90 to 70%. There is interference against which speech is heard at a distance of up to 3.5 m	The intelligibility of words and signals is from 70 to 50%. There are interferences against which speech can be heard at a distance of up to 2 m	The intelligibility of words and signals is less than 50%. There is interference, against which speech is audible at a distance of up to 1.5 m
2.8 Load on the vocal apparatus (total number of hours spoken per week)	up to 16	up to 20	up to 25	over 25
3. Emotional loads
3.1 The degree of responsibility for the result of their own activities. Significance of error	Responsible for the implementation of individual elements of tasks. It entails additional efforts in work on the part of the employee	Responsible for the functional quality of auxiliary work (tasks). Requires additional effort from senior management	Responsible for the functional quality of the main work (task). It entails corrections due to the additional efforts of the entire team (groups, brigades, etc.)	Responsible for the functional quality of the final product, work, task. Causes damage to equipment, stop technological process and may be life threatening
3.2 Degree of risk to own life	Excluded	–	–	Likely
3.3 Degree of responsibility for the safety of others	Excluded	–	–	Possible
3.4 Quantity conflict situations, due to professional activity, per shift	Missing	1 –3	4 – 8	Over 8
4. Monotony of loads
4.1 The number of elements (methods) required to implement a simple task or in repetitive operations	over 10	9 – 6	5 – 3	less than 3
4.2 Duration (in seconds) of simple tasks or repetitive operations	over 100	100 – 25	24 –10	less than 10
4.3 Time of active actions (as a percentage of the duration of the shift). The rest of the time - monitoring the progress production process	20 or more	19 – 10	9 – 5	less than 5
4.4 The monotony of the production environment (the time of passive monitoring of the progress of the technical process in% of the shift time)	less than 75	76 – 80	81 – 90	over 90
5. Mode of operation
5.1 Actual working hours	6 – 7 h	8 – 9 am	10 – 12 h	more than 12 hours
5.2 Shift work	One shift work (no night shift)	Two shift work (no night shift)	Three shift work (night shift)	Irregular shifts with night work
5.3 Presence of regulated breaks and their duration	Breaks are regulated, of sufficient duration: 7% or more of working time	Breaks are regulated, insufficient duration: from 3 to 7% of working time	Breaks are not regulated and of insufficient duration: up to 3% of working time	No breaks

1. Intellectual loads

Example: the simplest tasks are solved by cleaners, loaders (class 1 of working conditions), and activities that require solving simple tasks, but with a choice (according to instructions) are typical for laboratory assistants, nurses, telephone operators, repairmen, storekeepers, electricians, etc. P. (grade 2). Complex tasks solved according to a well-known algorithm (work according to a series of instructions) take place in the work of managers (directors, heads of workshops), foremen, vehicle drivers, foremen, dispatchers, etc. (class 3.1.) (see Figure 3). The most complex work in terms of content, requiring heuristic (creative) activity to one degree or another, was found among scientists, designers, surgeons, etc. (class 3.2.).

Figure 3

1.2. "Perception of signals (information) and their evaluation" - according to this factor of the labor process, the perception of signals (information) with subsequent correction of actions and operations performed belongs to the 2nd class (laboratory assistants, accountants, economists, turners, locksmiths, carpenters, cooks). Class 3.1 includes work when the performer must compare the signals (results of his work) with existing standards (norms), the values of which he must keep in memory, bring the results of his own activity in line with these standards and make sure the work is correct. This nature of work is characteristic of operator professions, craftsmen, electromechanics, etc. In the case when labor activity requires the perception of signals, followed by a comprehensive assessment of all production parameters (information), then labor in terms of intensity belongs to class 3.2 (heads of enterprises (directors, heads of workshops), scientists etc.).

1.3. "Distribution of functions according to the degree of complexity of the task" . Any labor activity is characterized by the distribution of functions between employees. Accordingly, the more functions assigned to the employee, the higher the intensity of his work. So, labor activity, containing simple functions aimed at processing and performing a specific task, does not lead to significant labor intensity. An example of such activity is the work of a laboratory assistant, cleaner, loader (class 1). Tension increases when processing, execution and subsequent verification of the task (class 2) is carried out, which is typical for such professions as an accountant, department engineer, nurse, driver, electrician, telephone operator, repairman, plumber, etc. In this case, verification means verification of the results of one's work (self-control). Processing, verification and, in addition, control over the execution of the task indicates a greater degree of complexity of the functions performed by the employee, and, accordingly, the intensity of labor is manifested to a greater extent (masters of enterprises, heads of departments, - class 3.1). The most complex function is preliminary preparatory work with subsequent distribution of tasks to other persons (class 3.2), which is typical for such professions as business leaders (directors, heads of workshops), air traffic controllers, doctors, etc.

1.4. "The nature of the work performed." In the case when work is carried out according to an individual plan, the level of labor intensity is low (grade 1 - laboratory assistants, cleaners, janitors). If the work proceeds according to a strictly established schedule with its possible correction as necessary, then the tension rises (grade 2 - nurses, locksmiths, accountants, craftsmen, shop managers, etc.). Even greater labor intensity is characteristic when work is performed under time pressure (class 3.1 - drivers, railway station dispatchers). At the same time, work should be characterized by a shortage of time in everyday activities, and not in emergency situations. The greatest tension (class -3.2) is characterized by work in conditions of lack of time and information. At the same time, there is a high responsibility for the final result of the work (surgeons, resuscitators, control engineers nuclear reactor, air traffic controllers).

2. Sensory loads

2.1. "Duration of focused observation (in % of shift time)". The greater the percentage of time devoted to concentrated observation during a shift, the higher the tension. The total time of the working shift is taken as 100%. Concentrated observation means that the employee looks at the object of observation without taking his eyes off. The greatest duration of concentrated observation of the course of the technological process is observed in operator professions: telephonists, air traffic controllers, drivers (more than 75% of the shift - class 3.2). A slightly lower value of this parameter (51 - 75%) is found among doctors, control panel operators, PC operators, accountants (class 3.1) (see Figure 4). From 26 to 50% of the value of this indicator fluctuated among nurses, chiefs and foremen of industrial enterprises, teachers, locksmiths (grade 2). The lowest level of this indicator is observed among directors, cleaners, loaders, janitors (grade 1 - up to 25% of the total shift time).

Figure 4

2.2. "The density of signals (light, sound) and messages on average for 1 hour of work" . The number of perceived and transmitted signals (messages, orders) allows you to assess the employment, the specifics of the employee's activities. The greater the number of incoming and transmitted signals or messages, the higher the information load, leading to an increase in tension. According to the form (or method) of presenting information, signals can be given from special devices (light, sound signal devices, instrument scales, tables, graphs and diagrams, symbols, text, formulas, etc.) and with a voice message (by phone, by radio, with direct direct contact of workers).

For example: the largest number of communications and signals with ground services and with aircraft crews is observed with air traffic controllers - more than 300 (class 3.2). Production activity driver while driving vehicles is slightly lower - an average of about 200 signals per hour (class 3.1). The work of telegraph operators also belongs to this class. In the range from 75 to 175 signals are received by telephone operators within an hour (the number of serviced subscriptions per hour is from 25 to 150). For nurses and doctors of intensive care units (urgent call to the patient, alarm from monitors about the patient's condition) - class 2. The smallest number of signals and messages is typical for such professions as laboratory assistants, managers, craftsmen, carpenters, plumbers - class 1.

2.3. "Number of production facilities for simultaneous monitoring" indicates that with an increase in the number of objects of simultaneous observation, the intensity of labor increases. For the operator type of activity, various indicators, displays, controls, keyboard, etc. serve as objects of simultaneous observation. The largest number of objects of simultaneous observation was found for air traffic controllers - 13, which corresponds to cash desk 3.1, this number is somewhat lower for telegraph operators - 8 - 9 teletypes, for drivers of vehicles - 6 - 7 (2nd class). Up to 5 objects of simultaneous observation are noted among telephone operators, masters, managers, nurses, doctors, etc. (grade 1).

2.4. "The size of the object of distinction with the duration of focused attention (% of the shift time)" . The smaller the size of the object under consideration (product, detail, digital or alphabetic information, etc.) and the longer the observation time, the higher the load on the visual analyzer. Accordingly, the class of labor intensity increases. The categories of visual works from SNiP 23-05-95 "Natural and artificial lighting" were taken as the basis for the size of the object of distinction.

For example, for a loader, we choose the size of the object of distinction more than 5 mm - class 1, for an accountant, when working with documents and a PC, the size of the object of distinction is 1 - 0.3 mm with an observation concentration of up to 50% of the shift - class 2, more than 50% of the shift - class 3.1 . The smallest size of the object of distinction - less than 0.3 mm - is chosen when working with a microscope.

2.5. "Working with optical instruments (microscope, magnifying glass, etc.) with the duration of concentrated observation (% of the shift time)". On the basis of chronometric observations, the time (hours, minutes) of working with an optical device is determined. The duration of the working day is taken as 100%, and the time of a fixed gaze using a microscope, magnifying glass is translated into%. The greater the percentage of time, the greater the load, leading to the development of tension in the visual analyzer.

2.6. "Monitoring the video terminal screen (hours per shift)". According to this indicator, the time (hours, minutes) of the direct work of the VDT user with the display screen during the entire working day is recorded when entering data, editing text or programs, reading alphabetic, digital and graphic information from the screen. The longer the time of fixing the gaze on the screen of the VDT user, the greater the load on the visual analyzer and the higher the labor intensity. The greatest load will be for PC operators and programmers (6 - 7 hours). For an accountant, this is a maximum of 4 hours, because it also works with documents (the gaze moves from screen to document, from document to screen, i.e. the time of working with a PC can be conditionally divided in half, this will be real time fixed monitoring of the PC screen).

. The degree of tension of the auditory analyzer is determined by the dependence of the intelligibility of words as a percentage of the ratio between the level of speech intensity and "white" noise. When there is no interference, word intelligibility is 100% - 1 class. The 2nd class includes cases where the noise level is 70 - 80 dBA, and corresponds to the intelligibility of words equal to 90 - 70% or at a distance of up to 3.5 m. If the noise level is more than 80 dBA, then an assessment is already underway for class 3.1 or 3.2.

2.8. "Load on the vocal apparatus (total number of hours spoken per week)" . The degree of tension of the vocal apparatus depends on the duration of speech loads. Overstrain of the voice is observed with prolonged, without rest, voice activity. The greatest loads (class 3.1 or 3.2) are noted among persons of voice-speech professions (teachers, educators of children's institutions, vocalists, readers, actors, announcers, guides, etc.). To a lesser extent, this type of workload is typical for other professional groups (managers, foremen, doctors, etc. - Grade 2). The lowest values of the criterion can be noted in the work of other professions, such as laboratory assistants, turners, drivers of vehicles (grade 1).

3. Emotional loads

3.1. "The degree of responsibility for the result of one's own activities . The significance of the error. This indicator indicates the extent to which an employee can influence the result of his own work at various levels of complexity of the activities carried out. With increasing complexity, the degree of responsibility increases, since erroneous actions lead to additional efforts on the part of the employee or the whole team, which accordingly leads to an increase in emotional stress. For such professions, air traffic controllers, doctors, drivers of vehicles, a nuclear reactor control engineer, the highest degree of responsibility for the final result of the work is characteristic, and the mistakes made can lead to a shutdown of the technological process, the emergence of dangerous situations for people's lives (class 3.2). If the employee is responsible for the main type of task, and mistakes lead to additional efforts on the part of the whole team, then the emotional burden in this case is already somewhat lower (class 3.1): managers and foremen of industrial enterprises, foremen, shift supervisors, nurses. In the event that the degree of responsibility is related to the quality of the auxiliary task, and errors lead to additional efforts on the part of higher management (in particular, the foreman, shift supervisor, etc.), then such work this indicator characterized by an even lesser manifestation of emotional stress (grade 2): laboratory assistants, repairmen, equipment installers, electricians, cooks. The least significance of the criterion is noted in the work of a laboratory assistant, cleaner, loader, where the employee is responsible only for the implementation of individual elements of the product, and in case of an error, additional efforts are only on the part of the employee himself (grade 1).

3.2. "The degree of risk to one's own life." The presence of a risk to one's own life is characterized only by those workplaces where there is a direct danger, when the risk is present, subject to the observance of safety rules by workers, that is, potentially dangerous jobs and areas. Examples include work at height, work related to the maintenance of electrical equipment under high voltage, the work of vehicle drivers, etc.

3.3. "Degree of responsibility for the safety of others" reflects factors emotional significance. A number of professions are characterized by responsibility only for the safety of other persons (air traffic controllers, resuscitators, surgeons, electric train drivers, foremen of industrial enterprises, if they issue work permits for especially dangerous types of work, etc.), or only for personal safety (driver tower crane, miner, electrician of high-voltage power lines, industrial climber, etc.) - 3.2 class. But there are a number of categories of work where a combination of risk for oneself and responsibility for the lives of others (infectionists, drivers of vehicles, etc.) is possible (see Figure 5). In this case, the emotional load is significantly higher, so these indicators should be assessed as separate independent stimuli. There are a number of professions where these factors are completely absent (directors, heads of workshops, departments, laboratory assistants, accountants, telephone operators, cooks, nurses, massage therapists, etc.) - their work is rated as 1st class of labor intensity.

Figure 5

4. Monotony of loads

4.1. "The number of elements (techniques) necessary to implement a simple task or repetitive operations". The smaller the number of techniques performed, the higher the intensity of labor due to repeated loads. The highest intensity according to this indicator is typical for assembly line workers (class 3.1 - 3.2) (see Figure 6).

Figure 6

4.2. "Duration (in seconds) of performing simple production tasks or repetitive transactions" . The shorter the time, the correspondingly higher the monotony of the loads. This indicator, as well as the previous one, is most pronounced during conveyor labor (class 3.1–3.2).

4.3. "Time of active actions (in% of the duration of the shift)" . Observation of the progress of the technological process does not refer to "active actions". The shorter the time for performing active actions and the longer the time for monitoring the progress of the production process, the higher the monotony of the loads, respectively. The highest monotonicity in this indicator is typical for control panel operators. chemical industries(class 3.1 - 3.2).

4.4. "The monotony of the production environment (the time of passive monitoring of the progress of the technical process in% of the shift time)". The longer the time of passive observation of the course of the technological process, the more monotonous the work is. This indicator, as well as the previous one, is most pronounced for operator types of work working in standby mode (operators of control panels for chemical production, power plants, etc.) - class 3.2.

5. Mode of operation

5.1. "Actual working hours" . It is allocated in an independent heading unlike other classifications. This is due to the fact that regardless of the number of shifts and the rhythm of work in production conditions, the actual length of the working day ranges from 6 to 8 hours (teachers, doctors, heads of enterprises and organizations, accountants, etc.; it is important to consider that irregular working hours , for example, for directors, heads of departments, is not taken into account, the calculation is based on 40 hours working week). A number of professions have shifts of 12 hours or more (doctors, nurses, security guards, watchmen, etc.). The longer the work in time, the greater the total load per shift, and, accordingly, the higher the intensity of labor.

5.2. "shift work" is determined on the basis of internal production documents regulating the work schedule at a given enterprise, organization. The highest class 3.2 is characterized by irregular shifts with night work (nurses, doctors, air traffic controllers, etc.) (see Figure 7).

Figure 7

5.3. "Availability of regulated breaks and their duration (without a lunch break)" . Regulated breaks include only those breaks that are included in the working time regulations on the basis of internal production documents ( orders, internal rules work schedule ), or in accordance with the requirements of state documents (Labor Code Russian Federation, sanitary norms and rules, labor protection rules and other). They are provided for short-term rest and personal physiological needs and should be introduced for types of work when the performer, according to the accepted technology, cannot even work on his own. a short time leave workplace (the majority of assembly line workers, operators of television surveillance posts, checkpoint inspectors, etc.) or the continuation of high-quality work is possible only if there are breaks for rest ( work of computer operators, heavy physical work, work at low temperatures environment and etc.). For these purposes, it is considered optimal to have several regulated breaks with a total duration of at least 7% of the shift (the number and duration of breaks should depend on specific conditions).

General assessment of the intensity of the labor process

The overall assessment of the intensity of the labor process is carried out as follows:

Regardless of professional affiliation (profession), all 23 indicators listed in Table 8 are taken into account. Guides. It is not allowed to selectively take into account any individual indicators for a general assessment of labor intensity.
For each of the 22 indicators, a separate class of working conditions is determined. In the event that, due to the nature or characteristics professional activity if any indicator is not presented (for example, there is no work with the video terminal screen or optical devices), then this indicator is assigned 1st class (optimal) - labor intensity of a mild degree.
In the final assessment of labor intensity:

3.1. "Optimal" (grade 1) is set in cases where 17 or more indicators have a grade of 1, and the rest belong to the 2nd grade. At the same time, there are no indicators related to the 3rd (harmful) class.

3.2. "Permissible" (grade 2) is set in the following cases:

when 6 or more indicators are assigned to class 2, and the rest - to class 1;
when 1 to 5 indicators are assigned to 3.1. and/or 3.2. degrees of harmfulness, and the rest of the indicators have an assessment of the 1st and / or 2nd classes.

3.3. "Harmful" (grade 3) is set when 6 or more indicators are assigned to grade 3.

At the same time, intense labor of the 1st degree (3.1.) Is established in the following cases:

when 6 indicators have a score of only 3.1, and the remaining indicators belong to 1 and / or 2 classes;
when 3 to 5 indicators belong to class 3.1, and from 1 to 3 indicators belong to class 3.2.

Intense labor of the 2nd degree (3.2) is established in the following cases:

when 6 indicators are assigned to class 3.2;
when more than 6 indicators are assigned to class 3.1;
when from 1 to 5 indicators are assigned to class 3.1, and from 4 to 5 indicators - to class 3.2;
when 6 indicators are assigned to class 3.1 and there are from 1 to 5 indicators of class 3.2.

4. In cases where more than six indicators have a score of 3.2, the intensity of the labor process is rated one degree higher - class 3.3.

Methodology for assessing labor intensity

The methodology for assessing labor intensity is carried out in accordance with the “Guidelines for the hygienic assessment of factors in the working environment and the labor process. Criteria and classification of working conditions” R 2.2.2006-05 Appendix 16.

Measuring instruments

A stopwatch is used as a means of measurement (see Figure 8).

Figure 8

Events

To maintain a high level of efficiency in mental work, a number of conditions must be observed. The gradual entry into work after sleep or summer vacation ensures the consistent inclusion of physiological mechanisms that determine high level performance. It is necessary to observe a certain rhythm of work, which contributes to the development of skills and slows down the development of fatigue. Compliance with the usual sequence and systematic work ensures a longer preservation of the working dynamic stereotype. The correct alternation of mental work and rest, the alternation of mental work with physical labor prevents the development of fatigue, increases efficiency. High performance is maintained even with systematic exercises in mental labor. A good rest not only for the eyes, but also for the brain is closing the eyes for a few minutes, deep rhythmic breathing, moderate muscle load in the pauses, long, restful sleep.

One of the frequently discussed topics at labor protection forums is the issue of compensation and benefits for workers various areas. A person feels the influence of negative factors when performing certain work through general state health. Allergenic reactions when working with chemicals, frequent dizziness due to inhalation of harmful air vapors, etc. Many employers sometimes hide information about benefits for working during harmful conditions, like general information about the working conditions themselves, because they are not interested in additional payments. If for the employer the provision of compensation is considered undesirable, then why not create favorable conditions? Working conditions under which employees would not get occupational diseases, would not be injured?

Let's consider the grounds for granting benefits and compensations for office and office cleaners. industrial premises, for janitors.

The profession of a cleaner is low-paid and labor-intensive: daily cleaning of premises and streets from dirt, debris, and other industrial waste. Despite this, the profession remains one of the most sought after in the labor market, because order and cleanliness are an integral part of our lives.

Their working conditions, by their nature, are considered harmful due to the influence of working environment factors. But the very influence of factors, their presence, and at the same time, the appointment of compensation can only be established in a competent way - by conducting certification of workplaces (AWP, - ed.). Certification is required to be carried out by each employer (Article 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). It allows you to identify all inconsistencies in the workplace government requirements labor protection, improve them through the implementation of certain activities. AWS is carried out according to the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation No. 342n dated April 26, 2011 (Order, - ed.).

Labor protection instruction
for the janitor

1. General requirements security

1.1. Men and women are allowed to work as a janitor.
1.2. At the workplace, the employee receives an initial briefing on labor safety and undergoes: an internship; verification of theoretical knowledge and acquired skills of safe ways of working.
1 3. During work, the employee undergoes periodic medical checkup within the time limits set by the health authorities.
The employee must receive repeated training on labor safety at the workplace once every 6 months.
1.4. The worker may be exposed to hazardous and harmful factors of production(moving machines and mechanisms, transported goods, containers, collapsing stacks of stored containers; low air temperature of the working area, increased air mobility; increased voltage in the electrical circuit; insufficient illumination of the working area; sharp edges, burrs and roughness on the surfaces of inventory and tools; physical stress).
1.5. The employee must be provided personal protection. Recommended norms for the free distribution of special clothing, special footwear and other personal protective equipment:
cotton suit - for 12 months;
cotton apron with bib GOST 12.4.029-76-for 12 months;
combined mittens GOST 12.4.010-75-for 2 months;
rubber gloves on duty;
In winter additionally:
cotton jacket with insulating lining, depending on climatic zones, for 18-36 months;
felt boots - depending on climatic zones - for 24-48 months;
galoshes for felt boots - for 24 months;
During the rest of the year additionally:
raincoat waterproof - for 36 months.
1.6. To ensure fire and explosion safety, do not smoke or use open fire near wells (sewer, gas, etc.), near rooms where flammable materials are stored, and garbage cans.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Prepare working area for safe work and check: the presence of portable fences, the absence of breaks in overhead power lines, the absence of piercing and cutting objects in the cleaning material and rags. Make sure that all wells are closed with covers, pits and trenches are fenced, and there are no sharp objects sticking out of the ground (wire, fittings, broken large glass, etc.) on the territory.
2.2. Bring (bring up) the materials and equipment necessary for cleaning (sand, watering hoses, etc.).

3. Safety requirements during operation

3.1. Install portable fences painted in bright colors on the cleaned areas in the traffic area from the side of a possible collision at a distance of 5-7 m from the workplace.
3.2. To clean the territory of the enterprise, standing facing oncoming traffic.
3.3. When a transport appears on the cleaned part of the territory, stop cleaning for the duration of its passage.
3.4. Start cleaning with good illumination of the place of work, and in the dark, clean with outdoor lighting on.
3.5. Cleaning of footpaths, sidewalks is carried out by moving towards pedestrians.
3.6. Monitor the position of the rubber hoses, avoid their kinks and twists, do not water against the wind and make sure that water does not get on electrical equipment and overhead power lines.
3.7. Watering taps open smoothly, without much effort and jerks.
3.8. In case of formation of icicles on the roofs of buildings, protect dangerous areas and inform the administration of the enterprise about this.
3.9. During icy conditions, sprinkle sidewalks with sand.
3.10. Stand on the side of the wind when loading garbage onto vehicles or when storing it in a designated place.
3.11. When descending snow into an open storm sewer well, install a warning sign "Caution! Other hazards", and at night or on cloudy days, install a red light in place of the sign.
3.12. Clean up broken glass with a dustpan and brush.
3.13. When cleaning near stacks, make sure they are stable.
3.14. Wear rubber gloves when handling disinfectants and detergents.
3.15. Do not use faulty valves and taps. When filling the container, first open the tap with cold, and then with hot water.
3.16. The employee is not allowed:
work in poor visibility (thick fog, blizzard, in the absence of lighting at night);
leave the tool on the roadway.

4. Safety requirements in emergency situations

4.1. If you smell gas or break pipelines (water supply, sewerage, heating, etc.), call the appropriate specialized emergency team by phone.
4.2. To ensure the safety of vehicles and pedestrians, fence off leaks from pipelines and install warning signs.

5. Safety requirements at the end of work

5.1. Dispose of rubbish and waste in designated areas.
5.2. Clean tanks and buckets for food waste and garbage, sanitize them.
5.3. Make sure that the valves on the watering points are closed.