Industrial ultrasonic disperser. Laboratory dispersants

Pulverization of solids or liquids by ultrasonic vibrations

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Description

Ultrasonic dispersion - fine grinding of solids or liquids, i.e. the transition of substances into a dispersed state with the formation of a sol under the action of ultrasonic vibrations. Usually the term dispersion denotes the crushing of solids in a liquid medium. The dispersion of liquids in gases (air) is called atomization, and liquids in liquids - emulsification.

Ultrasonic dispersion makes it possible to obtain highly dispersed ( the average size particles - microns and fractions of microns), homogeneous and chemically pure mixtures (suspensions - solid particles in liquids, sols - liquid drops in a gaseous medium, gels - gases in liquids, emulsions - undissolved liquids in liquids).

Dispersion of suspensions is carried out under the action of ultrasound on aggregates of solid particles interconnected by the forces of adhesion, sintering or cleavage. With ultrasonic dispersion of suspensions, the dispersion of the product increases by several orders of magnitude compared to traditional mechanical grinding.

For ultrasonic dispersion to proceed, cavitation is necessary, because grinding of substances occurs under the action of shock waves arising from the collapse of cavitation cavities, caverns and begins at an ultrasound intensity I exceeding a certain threshold value I th . The value of I th is usually a few W/cm2 and depends on the cavitation strength of the liquid, the state of the surface of the solid phase, as well as on the nature and magnitude of the forces of interaction between the individual particles of the solid phase.

As I increases, the dispersion rate increases; it also increases with increasing brittleness and with decreasing hardness and cleavage of the particles of the dispersed material. Ultrasonic dispersion is the most effective. Occurs during the processing of amorphous substances and the aggregation of substances such as soil and rocks, when splitting textured materials such as cellulose, glass wool, asbestos, when acting on plant and animal cells.

Kaolin, gypsum, mica, sulfur, graphite, etc. are easily dispersed, pure metals are more difficult. To obtain suspensions of metals, it is rational to combine the processes of their chemical or electrolytic deposition with ultrasonic dispersion.

Dispersion is significantly intensified if, along with alternating sound pressure with amplitude Р S, a constant (static) pressure Р 0 is applied to the liquid. In this case, the peak values ​​of pressure in shock wave and the cavitation destruction of the solid phase, estimated by the loss of matter from the monolith, which has passed into a dispersed state, is accelerated by tens, hundreds and even thousands of times at different costs of acoustic energy.

There is an optimal ratio between Р 0 and Р S at which the most intensive dispersion of the solid phase occurs (Fig. 1).

Empirical dependences of the dispersion value of solid particles

Rice. 1

D m = f(P 0 ) for different Р S .

1 - P S \u003d 106 Pa (10 atm).

2 - P S \u003d 2 * 106 Pa (20 atm).

3 - P S \u003d 5 * 106 Pa (50 atm).

The condition for the occurrence of dispersion is the irradiation of a liquid with solid particles present in its volume with a sound field of a certain frequency and intensity.

The shape of the vessels with the dispersing liquid can be different. Sound and force fields are applied to the liquid surface. The result of their action is a force field that arises in the liquid, and the movement of particles of a solid substance in the liquid.

Timing

Initiation time (log to 0 to 1);

Lifetime (log tc from 1 to 6);

Degradation time (log td from -1 to 0);

Optimal development time (log tk 1 to 5).

Diagram:

Technical realizations of the effect

Technical implementation of the phenomenon

The easiest way is to pour a mixture of water with sunflower oil and turn it on to get an emulsion. At the same time, the characteristic size of oil droplets in water can be significantly reduced by additional heating of the liquid to 60-700 C, and / or by increasing the static pressure in the mixture (for example, close the bath with a sealed cap, and supply air at an overpressure of 0.1-0.3 atm ).

Applying an effect

Ultrasonic dispersion is widely used in laboratory practice to obtain suspensions, to prepare samples for mineralogical analysis, etc., in a number of technological processes in the chemical, food, pharmaceutical, textile, paint and varnish industries and other industries. It makes it possible to obtain materials of ultrafine dispersion, which are used in powder metallurgy; in the technique of manufacturing ferrites - ultrafine grinding of ferrite powders improves performance characteristics ferrite cores; ultrasonic dispersion is also used in the manufacture of highly dispersed phosphors that improve image quality and increase the light output of cathode ray tube screens; ultrasonic dispersion semiconductor materials increases their thermoelectric efficiency.

In existing ultrasonic dispersers, either hydrodynamic emitters or emitters based on electromechanically active materials, for example, magnetostrictive transducers, are used as a source of ultrasound.

Literature

1. Ultrasound / Ed. I.P. Golyamina.- M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1979.

2. Brekhovskikh L.M., Goncharov V.V. Introduction to continuum mechanics. - M.: Nauka, 1982.

3. Acoustic polarization measurements of the anisotropy characteristics of rocks ( guidelines). Apatity, 1985.

Keywords

• ultrasound
• solid
• liquid
• cavitation
• dispersion
• fine media

Sections of the fields of technology and economics:

A disperser is an apparatus for fine grinding with subsequent uniform distribution over a mixture of solid or liquid substances, it is mainly intended for dispersing multicomponent media for which overheating is unacceptable. The devices are widely used in the food, chemical, oil refining and pharmaceutical industries, as well as in construction and agriculture.

The dispersion process is often required in laboratories. Usually, the laboratory disperser is an ultrasonic disperser. This is due to the fact that it is small and easy to use. The ultrasonic mechanism makes it possible to prepare fine dispersions and emulsions using cavitation treatment in a high-intensity ultrasonic field, which is created in a special resonant chamber. The number of dispersion cycles directly depends on the physical and mechanical properties of the suspension elements. When it is necessary to carry out the process in tanks, baths available to the consumer, special ultrasonic transducers are used - "submersible", which are placed inside the tanks.

In the process of preparing drilling fluids, a hydraulic dispersant is used. Drilling fluid, to increase the rate of dissolution of clay and chemicals in it, is fed into the apparatus using a drilling pump or a cementing apparatus.

The dispersant for concrete makes it possible to involve a larger volume of the substance in hydration by increasing the content of particles with a minimum size in it.

Paint dispersant is used when creating paint and varnish products to ensure the uniformity of the coloring pigments.

In recent years, oil dispersant has been used in oil production and liquidation of accidents with the ingress of oil products into water. The technical result of his work is both to obtain high-quality, commercial oil at the production sites, and to turn the waste of its processing into fuel or other consumer products, which leads to the minimization of the volume of non-utilizable substances.

Watering of fuel oil, that is, an increase in the water content in it, can reach up to 20 percent. This factor, along with the heterogeneity of the structure of heating oil, is the cause of many operational problems during the combustion of this fuel in boiler houses. The most common occurrences are flame pulsation in the furnace, combustion failure, instability of the fuel pumps, failure of fuel oil filters, as well as increased soot formation and the emission of harmful combustion products. The solution to these problems can be a fuel oil dispersant that provides hydromechanical processing of fuel to improve the structure and uniformity and obtain a thin, easily combustible water-oil emulsion.

Dispersion processes have also found application in agriculture. For example, a cavitation grain disperser can extract almost 100% of the oil contained in the seeds.

As you can see, devices are indispensable in many industries. On our website you can buy a dispersant of any model and purpose.

The invention relates to ultrasonic dispersers for homogenizing heavy fuels, various liquid mixtures or milk, water-fuel emulsion, can also be used for disinfection drinking water and pasteurization of juices, production of paints, lubricants, food and other emulsions and suspensions, in chemical industry for the intensification of chemical reactions and the production of new types of compounds, in primary oil refining to increase the yield of light fuels, the preparation of stable drilling fluids. The device consists of a piezoelectric transducer with pads made integral with hubs with a variable internal section, with an axial hole in the hubs. At the outlet ends of the concentrators, resonant membranes with flow holes are acoustically rigidly and detachably fixed. On both sides of the resonant membranes, slotted gaps are formed due to sound-transparent diaphragms and annular gaps. The device may have focusing systems, cavitation activators, half-wave nozzles, half-wave resonators, additional high-frequency emitters. The technical result consists in improving the quality of cavitation processing of materials. 8 w.p. f-ly, 7 ill.

The invention relates to the field of ultrasonic technology and can be used for homogenization of heavy fuels or milk; preparation of high-quality water-fuel emulsion for diesel engines, as well as furnaces of thermal power plants and boiler houses using fuel oil; pasteurization of drinking water, juices and other liquid food products; production of high-quality paints, lubricants, food, feed, pharmaceutical and other emulsions and suspensions; in the chemical industry to intensify chemical reactions and obtain new types of compounds; in primary oil refining to increase the yield of light fuels; for the preparation of resistant drilling fluids and other similar technologies. A device for ultrasonic emulsification is known (Japanese Application No. 62-58375, class B 01 F 11/02, published in 1987), consisting of a vibrator with pads, one of which is made integral with a concentrator with an axial hole. The disadvantages of this device include low productivity, low quality of the resulting emulsion and high energy costs as a result of low electroacoustic efficiency. The closest in technical essence is a device for ultrasonic treatment of liquid (RF Patent 2061537, class B 01 F 11/02, publ. located concentrators, made integral with linings and axial holes with baffles at the outlet ends and holes in them. The disadvantages of this device, although to a lesser extent, are inherent in the previous analogue. The main positive effect of the proposed invention is a significant improvement in the cavitation treatment of a liquid flowing through the vibrator and an improvement in the energy performance of the device, as well as the possibility of cavitation treatment of a liquid heated to high temperatures. Positive effects are achieved by the fact that all liquid flowing through the vibrator flows at least four times over the initiating surface of the vibrator and near hard surfaces, as well as by increasing the active component of the radiation resistance and optimal matching of the vibrator with the load. In some modifications of the proposed device, an additional positive effect is achieved by passing the treated liquid through two focal spots at the inlet and outlet of the device and two half-wave resonators, as well as due to the double additional superposition of high-frequency ultrasonic vibrations on the treated liquid and thermal insulation of the piezoceramic from the hot liquid flowing through the vibrator. The present invention meets the criterion of "novelty", because is not described anywhere, and the criterion of "significant differences", because does not follow directly from the level of development of ultrasonic technology. The claimed device is technically feasible, because was made and tested. The invention is shown in various modifications in Fig.1 - 7. Fig.1 shows the main basic version with four cavitation zones and detailed description basic oscillatory system. Figure 2 shows a modification of the main version with two focusing devices. In Fig.3 in close-up shows the device slot and annular gaps in relation to the modification in Fig.2. Figure 4 shows a modification of the main version with two half-wave resonators, two high-frequency radiators on the end surfaces, four sound-transparent diaphragms with grooves on the working surfaces in the form of an Archimedes spiral and using a cavitation activator. In FIG. 5 shows a modification with high-frequency radiators located inside the hubs. Figure 6 shows a modification for cavitation treatment of a hot liquid. Figure 7 shows a modification for cavitation treatment of hot liquid with half-wave nozzles and eight zones of cavitation. The device is (see figure 1) connected to the generator (not shown in figure 1) ultrasonic transducer (vibrator) with overlays made integral with the hubs 1, located symmetrically and coaxially (for example, stepped), with a variable internal section and reinforced (stretched) with a pin 2 with an axial hole 3, which has a continuation on the axis of the hubs 1; working piezoceramic washers 4 and piezoceramic washers of electroacoustic feedback 5 are assembled in a package on a pin 2 and isolated from it by an insulating sleeve 6 with conductive electrodes - radiators 7; resonant membranes 8 with flow holes 9 on their lateral surface at the level of the inner flat surface of the membranes 8 are acoustically rigidly and detachably fixed at the outlet ends of the concentrators 1 and form annular gaps 11; sound-transparent (for example, made of thin plastic) diaphragms 12 with axial holes 13, located parallel to the resonant membranes 8, form slot gaps 14. The package of piezoceramics 4 and 5 is protected by a casing 15. The tightness of the structure is ensured by sealing rubber rings 16. The liquid being processed enters the device and exits from it through fittings 17. In FIG. 2, focusing devices 18 in the form of paraboloids of revolution are coaxially and symmetrically fixed to glasses 10, forming focal spots 19 at the input and output of the device. This modification uses sound-transparent diaphragms 12 on both sides of the resonant membrane 8, as shown in close-up in Fig.3. In figure 4, the internal volume of the concentrators 1 and half-wave resonators 20 is filled with a cavitation activator 21 (for example, a metal mesh - shown by dotted shading). On the end surfaces of the cups 10 acoustically rigidly fixed high-frequency ultrasonic emitters 22 connected to the generator (not shown in figure 4). In this modification, the sound-transparent diaphragms 12 are made on the working side (facing the membrane 8) in the form of a flat spiral recess (Archimedes' spiral). In FIG. 5, the high-frequency emitters 22 are acoustically decoupled and located inside the concentrators 1 and fixed on tubes 23 screwed into the pin 2. Holes 24 are provided for the supply of wires to the high-frequency emitters 22. through tube 25, on which reflectors 26 made of acoustically hard material are hermetically fixed at both ends. The tightness of the fastening of the reflectors and their acoustic decoupling from the concentrators 1 is ensured by rubber rings 27. In Fig. 7 shows a modification of the previous version (see Fig.6), using eight cavitation zones using two half-wave cylindrical nozzles 28 and four resonant membranes 8, acoustically rigidly fixed at the ends of the nozzles. In this case, half-wave nozzles 28 are screwed onto resonant membranes 8, and annular gaps 11 are formed using couplings 29, tightened with union nuts 30 and sealed with rubber rings 31. Working position all modifications - vertical. In this case, the treated liquid flows through the vibrator from the bottom up so that the bubbles formed during cavitation do not accumulate inside the vibrator. The device works as follows. The generator (conditionally not shown) generates electrical oscillations of a resonant frequency for the vibrator, which are fed to the working washers of the piezoceramic 4, where they are converted into mechanical oscillations. These vibrations with the help of piezoceramic washers of electro-acoustic feedback 5 are converted into electrical vibrations and fed into the generator for phase-locked tuning of the resonant frequency of the vibrator. The mechanical vibrations generated by piezoceramics 4 are amplified by concentrators 1 and fed to resonant membranes 8 loaded with the liquid being processed from both sides. At the same time, at the resonant frequency, the mechanical vibrations are additionally amplified in proportion to the mechanical quality factor of the membranes 8. As a result, the initial mechanical vibrations of the piezoceramic 4 are amplified many times (depending on the load) and make it possible to almost completely match the load (processed liquid) with the vibrator, which makes it possible to increase the electroacoustic efficiency of the entire oscillatory system to a value close to 100%. Almost complete coordination of the vibrator with the load is also achieved because the wave size ka of the membranes 8 loaded on both sides (the oscillating piston mode without a screen) is chosen such that the relative active resistance reaches the maximum possible values ​​exceeding 1.2 (see L V. Orlov, A. A. Shabrov, Calculation and design of antennas for hydroacoustic fish-searching stations, Moscow: Food industry, 1974, p.127, fig.61, curve 5). The processed fluid enters the vibrator from below through the inlet fitting 17 and flows through the lower slotted gap 14 and further through the annular gap 11, the through holes 9 and the upper slotted gap 14, flowing out through the axial hole 13 in the diaphragm 12. The flow path of the treated fluid is shown by bold arrows on figure 3 on an enlarged scale. In this case, the treated liquid flows, almost continuously in contact with the solid initiating surface of the resonant membranes 8 and in close proximity to the solid surfaces of the cup 10 and diaphragm 12, which ensures the maximum possible cavitation effect. Next, the processed fluid flows inside the vibrator through the axial hole of the lower concentrator 1, the axial hole of the pin 2, the axial hole of the upper concentrator 1 and further, as described above, but in reverse order. Thus, the treated liquid sequentially flows through four cavitation zones along the initiating surface and near solid boundaries, which ensures its high-quality cavitation treatment, which is complemented by the effect of cavitation as it flows in the internal volume of the vibrator. The above-described process of cavitation treatment of a flowing liquid can be significantly enhanced (see figure 2) if, due to the focusing devices 18, powerful focal spots 19 are created at the inlet and outlet of the disperser. In this case, slotted gaps 14 (see Fig.3) are formed by sound-transparent diaphragms 12 on both sides of the resonant membranes 8. It is known that the process of ultrasonic emulsification can be significantly improved if it occurs on a solid surface and at high acoustic pressures (see Ultrasound Little Encyclopedia / Under the editorship of I. P. Golyamina - Moscow: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1979, p.393). Based on this, the inventive dispersant in the emulsifier mode can be made with an internal volume filled with an emulsification activator (for example, a metal mesh) and half-wave resonators, where the acoustic pressure doubles. This design of the flow disperser is shown in figure 4, where the internal volume of the concentrators 1 and half-wave resonators 20 is filled with a cavitation activator 21. In this case, the treated liquid flowing through the disperser in the process of ultrasonic cavitation contacts the developed solid surface of the cavitation activator 21 in almost the entire internal volume of the vibrator , which can significantly increase the concentration and quality of the emulsion. To make the emulsion finely dispersed, which is very important when feeding diesel engines with an emulsion, the disperser in Fig. 4 has high-frequency emitters 22 installed at the inlet and outlet ends of the vibrator (see Fundamentals of Physics and Technology of Ultrasound. Tutorial for universities. - M.: graduate School, 1987, p.177, fig.9.1). The combined effect of acoustic oscillations of the ultrasonic (for example, 22 kHz) and high-frequency (for example, 300 kHz) range in half-wave resonators (at low frequency), where the acoustic pressure doubles, makes it possible to obtain a high-quality (monodispersed and finely dispersed) and saturated emulsion, which has maximum resistance . A simplified version of the ultrasonic disperser in emulsification mode is shown in Fig.5. In this device, the internal volume of the liquid being processed is minimized, which is of fundamental importance when installing these devices on diesel trucks and buses, because. before turning off the engine for a long time, it is necessary to transfer its power supply to clean fuel so that the emulsion does not settle during the stop and water does not appear in the non-dispersed phase, which is unacceptable for diesel fuel equipment. This requires a delay in time until the entire emulsion residue in the fuel lines is used up, the amount of which is also determined by the internal volume of the dispersant. The operating conditions of such diesel engines (ingress of water and dirt) make necessary installation high-frequency emitters 22 from the inner side of the resonant membrane 8 and the passage of the processed liquid inside the vibrator through pipes 23. In this case, the internal slot gap 14 is half-wave at high frequency to reduce the load on high-frequency emitters 22 and double the acoustic pressure at high frequency in the slot gap 14. To power marine diesel engines, CHP furnaces and boiler houses, heavy fuel is used, which is heated to temperatures close to 100 o C to improve atomization. In these cases, an ultrasonic disperser is used, shown in Fig.6, where a through tube 25 with reflectors 26 at the ends sealed with rubber sealing rings 27. This design protects the piezoceramic 4 from the threat of overheating and depolarization. In some cases, when particularly heavy fuels are used, simple processing is not enough to homogenize and emulsify them, as in Fig.6. In such cases, the device shown in FIG. 7, where the treated liquid passes successively eight cavitation zones with a delay in each cavitation zone (slit gap 14) due to the flow of the treated liquid through the recesses in the form of an Archimedes spiral. This device uses two half-wave cylindrical nozzles 28, which form a single oscillatory system with the vibrator. The treated liquid in this device flows through tubes 25 through eight slotted gaps, flowing from the vibrator to nozzles 28 (and vice versa) through annular gaps 11 formed by couplings 29 with clamping nuts 30. The tightness of such a connection is ensured by rubber sealing rings 31. This dispersant is very promising in the cracking process during primary oil refining to increase the yield of light fuels. It is obvious that the above-described variants of flow type ultrasonic dispersers do not exhaust the entire range of possible combinations of their designs. This new area Ultrasonic technology is just beginning to develop and has great prospects in a wide variety of industries.

Claim

1. An ultrasonic flow type disperser containing a piezoelectric transducer reinforced with a stud with an axial hole, with two symmetrically and coaxially located concentrators made integral with the plates and axial holes, characterized in that the concentrators are made with a variable internal section, at the output ends of the concentrators it is detachable and acoustically the resonant membranes are rigidly fixed, near which and parallel to them slotted gaps are formed, and on the side surface of the resonant membranes at the level of their flat inner surface there are concentric flow holes opening into the annular gaps. Ultrasonic disperser according to claim 1, characterized in that the slot gaps on both working surfaces of the resonant membranes are made using sound-transparent diaphragms with axial holes located near the working planes of the resonant membranes and parallel to them. Ultrasonic disperser according to claim 2, characterized in that the slotted gaps are formed using acoustically rigid reflectors, acoustically decoupled from the concentrators and hermetically fixed at the ends of the axial tubes for the flow of the treated liquid. Ultrasonic disperser according to claim 2, characterized in that the slotted gaps are formed by high-frequency ultrasonic emitters hermetically fixed at the ends of the axial tubes for the flow of the treated liquid and acoustically decoupled from the concentrators. Ultrasonic disperser according to claim 2, characterized in that the free spaces inside the oscillating system are filled with a cavitation activator. Ultrasonic disperser according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the surface of the sound-transparent diaphragms or reflectors on the side of the resonant membranes is made in the form of a flat spiral groove from the center to the periphery. Ultrasonic disperser according to claim 2, characterized in that focusing devices with reflectors in the form of paraboloids of revolution and focal spots located near the inlet and outlet holes are coaxially and symmetrically located at the input and output of the piezoelectric transducer. Ultrasonic disperser according to claim 3, characterized in that at the input and output of the piezoelectric transducer, cylindrical half-wave nozzles with resonant membranes at the ends, axial tubes and reflectors are acoustically rigidly and coaxially fixed, equipped with adapter sleeves for the flow of the treated liquid. Ultrasonic disperser according to claim 2, characterized in that half-wave resonators are located at the input and output of the device.

Similar patents:

The invention relates to the mixing of liquid and gaseous media and can be used to mix liquid with gas and obtain a homogeneous mixture in various fields of industry, Agriculture in particular for the preparation of fuel mixtures for internal combustion engines

The invention relates to devices for creating artificial cavitation in order to use emerging cavitation effects to intensify physical and chemical processes in various industries: chemical, food, biochemical, etc.

Ultrasound of the uterus and appendages allows you to diagnose the pathology of the female genital organs in the early stages, identify inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs, determine the presence of pregnancy and the localization of the fetal egg. Ultrasound is an absolutely safe method in which the examination is carried out using high-frequency sound waves. The absence of contraindications allows its use without restrictions in a wide range of patients.

Ultrasound is the most modern, informative and harmless method of examination.

Preparation for ultrasound in gynecology

Preparation for the examination is not difficult, but requires diet. Three days before the ultrasound, gas-producing foods should not be eaten. The intestines, full of gases, make it difficult this species diagnostics.

Preference should be given to the following products:

Boiled meat (beef, veal, chicken meat)

Low-fat fish (baked, steam, boiled)

Porridge on the water (rice, buckwheat, oatmeal)

Low fat cheese

Boiled or steamed vegetables

Limited white bread

Exclude:

Black bread and sweet baked goods

All legumes and their derivatives

Carbonated drinks

Dairy and dairy products

Drinks containing caffeine

Drinks containing alcohol

Fried meat and fish

Raw vegetables and fruits

You should also refrain from smoking.

On the eve of the day of the ultrasound examination, drugs are taken that can reduce gas formation: Espumizan, Smektu or Activated carbon at the dosage recommended by your doctor.

Three ways of ultrasound examination in gynecology

1. Research by a transvaginal method: it is recognized today as the most accurate. The patient lies on her side, pulling her bent knees up to her stomach. In this case, a condom is put on the ultrasonic sensor and inserted directly into the vagina. Before the examination, it is recommended to empty the bladder.

2. Abdominal method. The patient lies on her back. The gel is applied to the open abdomen, and the sensor is placed on its surface. The specialist moves the device with his hand, pressing it tightly to the body. The patient must drink at least 1 liter of fluid 1 hour before the procedure to keep the bladder full.

3. Internal examination. It is used for medical reasons (with an unconfirmed diagnosis). A thin sterile probe with a transmitter is inserted into the uterine cavity. Before the procedure, you must visit the toilet.

4. Transrectal examination. This method of diagnosis is applicable only to virgins. During the examination, the girl lies on her left side, a thin sensor in a condom with a special gel applied to it is inserted into the emptied rectum. The patient should give an enema or drink a laxative or put a laxative suppository with glycerin 6-8 hours before the start of the examination.

Ultrasound is very informative and affordable way diagnostics. An examination of the pelvic organs can detect benign and malignant neoplasms of the uterus, anomalies of the cervix and ovarian cysts, inflammation of the fallopian tubes, ectopic pregnancy and much more.

ultrasonic disperser flow type can be used for homogenization of liquid mixtures, heavy fuels, milk, preparation of food emulsions, suspensions, etc. It can significantly increase the cavitation treatment of the liquid, and also have good energy performance. In addition, the flow-through dispersant can be successfully used for cavitation treatment of hot liquids.

Ultrasonic disperser - what does it consist of?

This setup consists of piezo transducer with overlays, resonant membranes, focusing systems, cavitation activators, half-wave nozzles and additional high-frequency emitters.

The essence of the work ultrasonic disperser flow type is reduced to the following. All liquid to be treated flows at least four times over the initiating surface of the vibrator and near hard surfaces. The active component of the radiation is deliberately increased, and the vibrator itself is optimally matched to the load.

Models are also known in which additional positive effects can be achieved by passing the working fluid through two focal spots that are at the input and output of the device, as well as through two half-wave resonators. Other features that improve performance ultrasonic disperser flow type, are the double imposition of high-frequency sound vibrations on the working environment and the thermal insulation of the vibrator with hot liquid piezoceramics.