Presentation for an open lesson on the discipline OP.04 Transport system on the topic: “Technical and operational characteristics of road transport. Automobile transport

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Geography of transport

Transport is the third leading branch of material production. Transport is the basis of the geographical division of labor. All means of communication transport companies And vehicles Together they form the global transport system. Transport actively influences the location, contributing to the specialization and cooperation of enterprises and industries.

All types of transport are grouped not only according to their significance and level of development, but also according to their geographical areas of application. In this case, land (ground), water and air transport are distinguished.

Road transport can rightfully be called the transport of the 20th century. The length of highways is constantly growing and has already exceeded 28 million km; about half of it is in five countries - the United States, India, Brazil, China, Japan, followed by Russia, Canada and France. In the world passenger turnover, the share of road transport - primarily due to personal cars - reaches 4/5.

Railways are available in 140 countries, more than ½ of their total length falls on the "top ten" countries: the USA, Russia, Canada, India, China, Germany, Argentina, Australia, France, and Mexico. Along with this, there are vast areas where the railway network is rare or non-existent.

Pipeline transport has developed primarily due to rapid growth oil and natural gas production and the territorial gap that exists between the main areas of their production and consumption. The length of the global network of main pipelines is about 2 million km. The longest of them are 4-5 thousand km, built in the CIS countries, Canada, the USA, the countries of the Middle East

Maritime transport is a very important component of the global transport system. Thanks to the development of maritime transport, the World Ocean no longer separates, but rather connects countries and continents. It serves about 4/5 of the entire international trade. The total length of sea routes is measured in millions of kilometers. Sea vessels they transport mainly bulk cargo - bulk (oil, oil products), bulk and bulk (coal, ore, grain, etc.) at a distance of 8-10 thousand km.

Air (air) transport is the youngest and most dynamic mode of transport. The network of scheduled airlines now encircles the entire globe, stretching for 10.5 million km. 1st place in the world in terms of air travel North America, 2nd - Europe, and from individual countries the United States stands out, followed by Japan, Great Britain, China, France. Geography air transport determined by a network of airports, the number of which is in the many thousands.

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Russian conditions. Road transport is one of the most expensive in terms of cost of transportation. Its high cost is a consequence of the quality of our roads, the lack of cars with small and high carrying capacity. Road transport is one of the most expensive in terms of cost of transportation. Its high cost is a consequence of the quality of our roads, the lack of cars with small and high carrying capacity.

Advantages Road transport has great maneuverability and speed, the ability to deliver goods directly to consumers. Road transport has great maneuverability and speed, the ability to deliver goods directly to consumers.

Long haul automobile transport carries out in the northern and eastern, also mountainous regions of the country, where there are no other types of land transport. Long-distance road transport is carried out in the northern and eastern, as well as mountainous regions of the country, where there are no other types of land transport.

Roads of Russia The efficiency of road transport depends on the density and quality of roads. Their total length in Russia is about 900,000 km. About 40% of rural settlements Russia does not have access to paved roads. The efficiency of road transport depends on the density and quality of roads. Their total length in Russia is about 900,000 km. About 40% of rural settlements in Russia do not have access to paved roads.

Similarities with geography railways The largest highways (12 of them) radiate from Moscow. In the eastern regions, the number of roads is sharply reduced. Until now, there is no highway that crosses the whole of Russia from west to east. The largest highways (12 of them) radiate from Moscow. In the eastern regions, the number of roads is sharply reduced. Until now, there is no highway that crosses the whole of Russia from west to east.

Directions for the development of motor transport New highways are being laid. New highways are being laid. New roads are being built in rural areas. New roads are being built in rural areas. The share of road transport with diesel engines, which reduce fuel consumption, is increasing. The share of road transport with diesel engines, which reduce fuel consumption, is increasing.

Coordination in the development of road transport between Russia and border states is very important. A transport union has been created between Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. Coordination in the development of road transport between Russia and border states is very important. A transport union has been created between Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

Disadvantages Road transport is an environmental pollutant. Valuable agricultural land is often torn away for the construction of roads. Air is polluted especially strongly by exhaust gases. Road transport is an environmental pollutant. Valuable agricultural land is often torn away for the construction of roads. Air is polluted especially strongly by exhaust gases.

Flaws. Road transport has many disadvantages. Cars- the most wasteful transport compared to other modes of transport in terms of the costs required to move one passenger. The main share (63%) of environmental damage to the planet is associated with vehicles. Significant environmental damage is inflicted environment and society at all stages of production, operation and disposal of cars, fuel, oils, tires, road construction and other automotive infrastructure. In particular, oxides of nitrogen and sulfur released into the atmosphere when gasoline is burned cause acid rain. The value of the annual environmental damage from the functioning of the transport complex of the Russian Federation is 3.4 billion US dollars, or approximately 1.5% of the gross national product. Emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere from vehicles amounted to 12,190.7 thousand tons.

Topic of the lesson: "Technical and operational characteristics of road transport"

Lesson plan

1. Automobile transport: advantages, disadvantages, scope of use.

2. Rolling stock of road transport.

3.Organization of traffic in road transport.

Automobile transport - This is a type of transport that transports goods and passengers on trackless tracks.

using wheel movement.

Flaws:

1) severe environmental pollution;

2) high cost of transportation;

3) low carrying capacity of vehicles;

4) high share of empty run

Advantages:

1) high maneuverability of rolling stock;

2) high speed delivery;

3) the autonomy of the movement of vehicles.

Sphere of use of road transport

1) cargo transportation

for short and medium distances;

2) transportation of passengers:

- international,

- intercity,

- suburban,

- intracity);

3) in-plant and agricultural

transportation.

Material and technical base

road transport

1 ) rolling stock;

2) motor roads;

3) production and technical base (ATP, bus stations, service stations, gas stations, etc.)

Fixing the material

1 . Which objects are transported and over what distances is road transport used?

2. Describe the ways of road transport communication.

3. Select the characteristic properties of road transport:

a) high maneuverability of rolling stock;

b) light vehicles

c) the autonomy of the movement of vehicles.

d) low cost of transportation

e) high proportion of empty mileage (without load)

e) low speed delivery

g) severe environmental pollution.

rolling stock

road transport

1) trucks;

2) tractors, trailers and semi-trailers;

3) buses;

4) cars.

1. Transport- for the carriage of goods and passengers:

KAMAZ 43253

Mercedes-Benz Sprinter

GAZ-33023 "GAZelle-farmer"

KAMAZ 4208-413-18

Classification of cars by purpose

2.Special - for execution technical functions(truck cranes, aerial platforms, firemen, etc.):

Truck crane KrAZ-65053 (KTA-32)

Aerial platform GAZ-53 AP-17

Tractor MTZ-1221

Fire truck GAZ 3308

Classification of cars by purpose

3.Sports- for sports competitions:

Lamborghini Huracan LP610-4

Aston Martin DB7 V12 Vantage

Kinsmart alpha 147

1 . Universal- for the transportation of all goods, except for liquid bulk

Onboard vehicle MAZ-6303A8-325

Onboard vehicle KAMAZ-43253

Onboard car Hyundai HD-120

Onboard vehicle KrAZ-65101

Classification of trucks by body type

2. Specialized - for the transportation of certain types of cargo (refrigerators, timber trucks, tankers, dump trucks, etc.).

Refrigerator Hyundai HD78

Timber carrier based on KrAZ-255B

Tank truck 5693-10 (chassis KAMAZ-53215)

Dump truck KAMAZ

Classification of trucks by carrying capacity

1) extra small - up to 0.5 tons (UAZ-39094 Farmer);

2) small - from 0.5 to 2 tons (GAZ-3202);

3) medium - from 2 to 8 tons (GAZ-3307);

4) large - 8–16 tons (KamAZ-5308);

5) especially large - over 16 tons (BelAZ-75).

Classification of buses by capacity

1) especially small - up to 10 pass. (GAZ-22171);

2) small - up to 30 pass. (PAZ-32054);

3) medium - up to 60 pass. (LAZ-695N);

4) large - up to 100 pass. (Ikarus 260);

5) especially large - up to 150 pass. (LiAZ-6213)

Fixing the material

• What kind of classification by appointment

b) flatbed car

KAMAZ 53215

a) fire truck

b) Mounting auto-hydraulic lift MGP-28.03

AC 2.5 - 40

2. What kind of classification by body type include the following vehicles?

c) Tank truck ATs-66052 (chassis KAMAZ-53229)

a) flatbed car KAMAZ4308

b) Scania P 250 refrigerated van

Fixing the material

by load capacity include the following vehicles?

c) RENAULT MAGNUM (20 tons)

a) MAZ 631219 (14.6 tons)

b) MERCEDES SPRINTER (2.5 t)

3.What kind of classification by capacity include the following buses?

c) BAZ A08123-30 (56 passengers)

b) Mercedes Sprinter

(18 pass.)

a) LiAZ6213 (pass. 145)

Driving route - this is the route of the rolling stock during transportation.

The main elements of the route:

• Route length Lm- the path traveled by the car from the initial to the final point of the route (from point A to point B);

• ride- cycle transport process: includes the delivery of the car to the place of loading (A), loading, moving and unloading at the destination (B).

• turnover - movement from the starting point to the final point and back (A-B-A).

Fig.1 - The main elements of the route:

Legend:

lн", lн” - zero mileage - the mileage that the rolling stock makes to arrive from the ATP at the first loading point and return after the last unloading to the ATP.

Fixing the material

Condition: The car left the ATP to the loading point (Gorlovka), then left with the cargo to the unloading point (Makeevka), returned from Makiivka without cargo to Gorlovka and then to the ATP.

Task: Indicate in column 3 of table 4 the corresponding element

routes and zero runs: Table 4

Movement from ATP to Horlivka

Delivery of the car to the place of loading (Gorlovka), loading, moving and unloading at the destination (Makeevka)

Delivery of the car to the place of loading (Gorlovka), loading, moving, unloading at the destination (Makeevka) and return to Gorlovka

Movement from Horlivka to ATP

Distance from Gorlovka to Makeevka