Major Russian ports on the map. Maritime news of Russia

Cities - ports in Russia.

Since the time of the monarchy, Russia has understood the need to build port cities, recognizing their significant role in trade, in expanding ties with other countries and in protecting state borders. Therefore, the construction of the largest Russian port cities fell on the era of the tsars. The greatest contribution to the development of ports was made by Emperor Peter I, who founded the port city Saint Petersburg which later became the cultural capital of Russia.
Today, many port cities are also resorts, where thousands of tourists come to rest every year. The largest port cities of Russia are located throughout the country: Arkhangelsk, Vladivostok, Kaliningrad, St. Petersburg, Murmansk, Nakhodka, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Taganrog.
Despite the fact that Russia has the largest port cities, which are valued all over the world, there are very few of them - only 45. This is clearly not enough for such a huge country with long sea coasts.
St. Petersburg and Kaliningrad - the main port cities of Russia west. The port of St. Petersburg is the European gate of the country, an important transport link between East and West. The seaport of St. Petersburg consists of Big Port St. Petersburg, which provides transshipment services for all types of dry cargo, and Passenger port of St. Petersburg. It is one of the largest Russian ports on the Baltic Sea
The only non-freezing port of Russia in the Baltic is the Port of Kaliningrad. Consists of sea trading, sea fishing and river ports. The port has an advantageous position. Distance to the capitals of nearby states - Vilnius, Riga, Minsk, Warsaw, Berlin, Copenhagen And Stockholm ranges from 400 to 650 kilometers, and to the largest foreign ports in the Baltic - from 400 to 700 kilometers. The port of Kaliningrad is connected by container lines with ports Netherlands, Great Britain, Germany, Poland And Lithuania.
The main sea gates of Russia in the east is Vladivostok commercial port. It is located in the north-west of the city in the Golden Horn Bay and includes 16 berths - cargo and passenger. Vladivostok is a multinational city due to its eastern position. Vladivostok port borders with the countries of the Pacific region: Japan, China, Taiwan, South Korea, Thailand and Vietnam.
Today, Nakhodka is rightfully one of the largest Pacific ports in Russia. Navigation in the port is open all year round. There are three seaports in Nakhodka: commercial, oil and fish.
One of the largest seaports in the south of Russia is Taganrog. It, like St. Petersburg, was founded by Emperor Peter I as a military fortress. However, later became shopping mall. Today, this port city is open to foreign ships and international trade. All year round ships from Azov, Cherny and mediterranean seas. As a rule, Russian ports on the southern seas, such as Taganrog, are mainly engaged in the export of bread. However, as centers of mechanical engineering, they also provide Agriculture technology in your region.
Taganrog can be called the most important economic center of the south-west of Russia.
Murmansk - the largest non-freezing port of the country, located in the north. It is to him that the largest sailing ship in the world, the Sedov, is assigned, as well as most of the Russian icebreakers. The port is the backbone of the city's economy and is divided into three parts: fishing, passenger and commercial ports.
The life of the city of Arkhangelsk is closely connected with the sea. It is the largest Russian timber export port, serves as a base for the Arctic fleet and Arctic research, trains sailors, and is engaged in fishing.
Novorossiysk is another major port in Russia. The city is located on the coast of never freezing Tsemesskaya Bay- one of the most convenient Black Sea. The port of Novorossiysk provides maritime foreign trade activities of Russia with the regions Asia, Middle East, Africa, mediterranean And South America . The city is in charge Novorossiysk Shipping Company one of the largest in Russia.
There is a port on the eastern coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula in the central part of the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. The main branch of the economy in the city is the extraction and processing of fish. Several large fishing and fish processing enterprises are located in Petropavlovsk. Fish and seafood are mainly exported abroad - to Japan, South Korea, China. Also, the port is engaged in transshipment of grain, salt, timber, lumber, metal and coal to other countries. Imports are dominated by grain, cement and refrigerated cargo. As the Northern Sea Route it is planned that the Petropavlovsk port will become its stronghold.
There are also small port cities in Russia, such as Dudinka, Pevek, Sovetskaya Gavan, Tuapse.
Now in Russia the problem of building new ports and expanding old ones is very acute. Port cities have great potential for economic development. They act as centers of free economic zones, bridges between West and East, Europe and Asia. The lack of ports in Russia is obvious. According to Russian scientists, we need to create a new sea window from Siberia, as well as new major ports on the shores of the Gulf of Finland and the Sea of ​​Azov..

Information and analytical magazine " Seaports» covers the activities of the Russian port complex and all processes related to international transportation foreign trade and transit cargo through Russian seaports. The first issue of the magazine was published in 1997.

Publisher - Association of Commercial Sea Ports (ASOP). The journal is published 10 times a year under the auspices of the Maritime Board under the Government of the Russian Federation and with the support of federal agency sea ​​and river transport (Rosmorrechflot) of the Ministry of Transport of Russia. The declared circulation is 7.5 thousand copies. Volume up to 80 strips. The press is full-color, luxury class.

The journal is distributed by subscription, in the form of representative mailings, as well as at major international and industry exhibitions and conferences, among members of the boards of Rosmorrechflot, the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation, conferences and boards of directors of the Association of Sea Trade Ports (ASOP).

Economics/Macroeconomics

The global economy is building up debt and slowing down

financial regulators largest countries the world began to reduce lending rates: in July, the Bank of Russia reduced the key rate by 25 basis points to 7.25%, in August the US Federal Reserve reduced it by the same amount, to a range of 2-2.25%. The European Central Bank left the rate at the previous zero level, but announced its future reduction. According to the authorities, the decrease in the value of money should increase economic activity in countries. However, as the experience of recent years has shown, cheap loans only inflate the global debt bubble, while the growth rate of world GDP is slowing down. Moreover, in poor countries with low living wage loans are taken mostly by citizens, in rich countries c high income of the population, corporate debts are increasing and government loans going to service old debts.

Vertical of power/AMP

Records and plans for the development of the port of Azov

The seaport of Azov is a transport hub that provides access to any point in Russia and is of great importance for the Russian economy due to its favorable geographical position. Economically profitable and important foreign trade routes pass through the port, along which, first of all, export products from the largest industrial centers Russia to Europe, the countries of the Middle East, Asia and Africa.

Azov is a universal port that allows round-the-clock processing different kinds cargo, such as oil products, grain, coal, building materials, general cargo, containers. At present, a large flow of cargo passing through Azov goes to the port of Kavkaz to offshore transshipment complexes, which can significantly increase the port's cargo turnover. Vladimir Bragin, the captain of the seaport of Azov, FGBI “AMP of the Sea of ​​Azov”, tells about the results of the port’s work, its development prospects, and ensuring the safety of navigation and navigation in it.

Vertical of power/AMP

Seaport of Taman: development of infrastructure and access routes

By order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated August 15, 2008 No. 1196-r, the seaport of Taman is open for international communication and the entry of foreign vessels, and on September 23, 2009, in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia No. 169, the port was opened for the provision of services.

The development of the port began with the commissioning of a berth for transshipment of bulk food cargo with a capacity of 438 thousand tons per year and with the ability to handle ships up to 145 meters long, on which the first ship was handled on December 2, 2008. Over the past ten years, the port has made significant progress in its development, increasing its cargo turnover from 111 thousand tons in 2009 to 14 million tons in 2018 and expanding the range of transshipped cargo.

Vertical of power/AMP

Environmental safety in the Caspian

(Continued. Beginning in "MP" No. 5-2019)

In the previous issue of the "Sea Ports" magazine, the head of the FSBI "AMP of the Caspian Sea" Magomed Abdulatipov spoke about environmental safety as one of the factors international cooperation under the Tehran Convention.

The AMP of the Caspian Sea pays close attention to environmental safety issues.

In the development of the topic, the correspondent of "MP" Natalya Mironova continues the conversation with the head of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "AMP of the Caspian Sea" Magomed Abdulatipov about the practical aspects of this area of ​​activity of the Administration.

Ports/AMP

The seaport of Pevek opens a fundamentally new stage in its development

Today, Russia's northernmost port, the seaport of Pevek, is in the zone of special attention. This is due to various economic aspects. First of all, the port is considered in the global context of the development of the Northern Sea Route. Implementation is expected this year unique project to install a floating nuclear thermal power plant in Pevek. At the same time, work is underway to modernize the port infrastructure in accordance with the projected growth in ore production in Chukotka, which in a ten-year perspective implies a five-fold increase in cargo turnover. About the work of the branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "AMP of Primorsky Krai and the Eastern Arctic" in the seaport of Pevek and the role in the implementation of the designated plans, tells the acting. captain of the seaport of Pevek Oleg Klyuykov.

Ports/AMP

Prospects for the growth of the port of Shakhtersk

The seaport of Shakhtersk is one of the most dynamically developing ports of the Sakhalin Region. Over the past 5 years, the port's cargo turnover has increased 6 times, reaching 8 million tons, and today the port workers set an ambitious goal - to exceed the figure of 20 million tons in three years.

A significant increase in cargo turnover and the number of ship calls involves the modernization of the port infrastructure and the expansion of the boundaries of the seaport. In connection with such prospects, there are also challenges for the functioning and development of the main coal harbor of Sakhalin.

Ports/Production activities

Port Logistic is building a strategy

In December 2018, Port Logistic LLC became the main operator of the sea terminal in the port of Vyborg, having bought out real estate objects of the seaport infrastructure, previously owned by Port Equipment, which was declared bankrupt in 2017, at auction. The first outstanding results of the work of the new operator and its plans to develop infrastructure, increase cargo turnover and improve the quality of services provided to the magazine "Sea Ports" were told by CEO LLC "Port Logistic" Olga Ansberg.

Equipment and technologies/Transshipment of oil products

Oil loading ship standers: modern standards and requirements

The activities of each enterprise are regulated by a large number of permits, in particular, this applies to hazardous production facilities, which are loading terminals and bunkering depots.

Regulatory documentation for these facilities is constantly in the process of updating - the requirements for ensuring environmental and industrial safety, for harmonizing standards between national and global requirements are increasing.

Anniversary/Novomornii project 50 years

With confidence in the future

The current rapid time leaves its mark not only on industries, but also on individual enterprises and organizations. Weeds out everything superfluous, unviable, not fitting into the harsh realities market economy. It is not just those who have adapted that survive, but those who have managed to occupy a solid niche, gain a foothold in it, and interest as many consumers as possible with their products. NovomorNIIproekt LLC can rightly be attributed to such - firmly on its feet, confident in the future. Until recently in Novorossiysk, relatively small town, there were five design institutes that existed at the expense of the state budget. Now, when the budget creek has dried up, there is only one organization left - NovomorNIIproekt LLC, which celebrated its 50th anniversary this August.

Information systems/Automation

Analysis of port business processes: control from transshipment to sea transportation

Today, the maritime transportation market belongs to the category of low-margin businesses: a strong imbalance of supply and demand, low levels of freight rates, rising fuel costs and the introduction of new regulations, as well as global factors - sanctions and trade wars. All this forces carriers to look for new means of business optimization and ways to reduce costs. One of the ways to improve the efficiency of the operational management of cargo transportation is to introduce analytical tools, allowing you to track performance in detail key business processes shipping company.

Logistics/Sea Freight

The article was prepared by the consulting firm PwC in Russia (www.pwc.ru) . The PwC team in the transport and logistics sector has been involved in the implementation of more than 25 projects for the development of dry ports, transport hubs and industrial zones over the past 5 years, assisting clients in strategic development, structuring a commercial business model, raising debt and equity financing.

Prospects and uncertainties for the development of the Northern Sea Route

In 2018, the project for the development of the Northern Sea Route was included in the Comprehensive Plan for the Modernization and Expansion of the Main Infrastructure for the Period up to 2024 with planned funding of more than 580 billion rubles. Potential cargoes for the developing route have been identified such as LNG, oil and oil products, metals and ores, and containers. The potential for the development of a new route is of great interest to all participants in the freight transportation market and makes us think about climate change. Leading transport companies implement test passages and pilotage of ships, study the possibilities of infrastructure development in the region. In reality, the conditions of navigation in the seas of the Arctic Ocean make it necessary to overcome many difficulties, and so far the transport route is economically efficient only for the export of hydrocarbons.

Cargo Base/Grain

The capacity of grain terminals will grow faster than export volumes

The grain harvest in 2019/20 agricultural year, according to experts, will be about 118 million tons, which is 5 million tons more than last year. Export, despite the expansion trend in geographical areas, will slightly decrease and amount to 42.5 million tons.

In accordance with the recently adopted Strategy for the Long-Term Development of the Russian Grain Complex, the production and export of grain by 2035 will grow to 140 million and 56 million tons, respectively, while the capacity of grain transshipment terminals is planned to be increased from the current 50 million to 80-85 million tons in the coming years. five years. Thus, despite the fact that grain exports have been declared one of the industry's development priorities, transshipment capacities will outpace the growth in grain exports, which eliminates the problem of a shortage of terminals, but may create a threat of their surplus.

Statistics

All cargoes of Russia

Overview of cargo transportation through the seaports of Russia, the Baltic States, Ukraine and Finland for the 1st half of 2019. Information provided by JSC "Morcenter-TEK"

The world of tank containers

Third issue

Special information and analytical appendix of the magazine "Sea Ports"

Operator lot

The volume of cargo transportation in tank containers is growing by 20% per year, while the operator business is actively developing. Today, about 20 companies operate in this segment, 6 of which account for more than 70% of the market. Tank container operators are represented by both individual companies and subdivisions of car building and railway holdings, transport and chemical enterprises. Operating their own or rented fleet, they strive to increase it for individual projects, if possible, they themselves participate in the development of new types of tank containers, expand the modality and geography of transportation, and equip the fleet with fitting platforms.

Despite the technical and organizational difficulties associated with the operation of tank containers, the prospects for the growth of the cargo base, due to the development of the chemical and petrochemical industries, as well as the ongoing decommissioning of tank cars, allow us to predict further growth in the tank container fleet, the number of operating companies and increased competition between them.

Tank Container World/Operators Market

ALBATROSS Tank-Leasing Concept for the Russian Tank Container Market

Working on the Russian tank container leasing market, ALBATROSS Tank-Leasing is not limited to providing them, but develops for each client the concept of optimal use, taking into account individual needs. This approach distinguishes ALBATROSS from other companies operating in this market, and gives customers the opportunity not only to solve some particular transport problem, but to build a strategy for using tank containers and increase the efficiency of their business in the long term.

This is the opinion of Christoph Scholer, General Director (CEO) of ALBATROSS Tank-Leasing, who, in an interview with MP, in addition to talking about the structure and capabilities of the company, services provided and innovative IT solutions, shared his vision of development Russian market tank container transportation.

Tank Container World/Business

We must invest!

Today, even an overabundance of players is noticeable on the tank-container market of the Russian Federation. And most of them do high-quality, but standard service: standard tanks, standard routes, standard rates. That's good, but you won't surprise the market with a standard. And if we are talking about development, prospects and new solutions, it is necessary to look for non-standard solutions.

Tank Container World/Business

Cargo packing service is a competitive advantage of the port

Little attention is still paid to improving the manufacturability of cargo handling in container terminals of Russian ports, while many foreign terminals have already managed to create an infrastructure for handling and packing cargo and successfully provide these services. At the same time, the demand for such complexes will also grow in Russia - their creation will allow ports to reduce the cost of cargo handling, which means they will receive additional competitive advantage and as a result, attract more shippers and maximize cargo flows.

This opinion was expressed by Mikhail Shipilov, General Director of NPO VIMCOR LLC, in an interview with the Sea Ports magazine. He talked about the benefits of the company's integrated approach to improve the manufacturability of cargo handling processes at container terminals, shared his vision of the development of the market for these services, and also dwelled on pilot project re-equipment of a container terminal with a specialization in working with tank containers, implemented by NPO VIMKOR LLC in one of the Russian ports.

The main vector of development of standardization of logistics activities

The Technical Committee TC 246 "Containers" of Rosstandart of Russia has been functioning since 1996 on the basis of JSC "Promtransniiproekt". Based on the functional specifics of the issues under consideration, the relevant subcommittees and working groups are included in the structure of the committee. In the course of its development, the structure of the committee has been repeatedly changed to adapt to new conditions and areas of activity, responding flexibly to challenges and market conditions.

At present, the traditional activities of the committee (they have existed since its inception), related to the areas of standardization in the field of containers (universal and specialized) and sealing devices, have been supplemented by questions of logistics and its technical means. Thus, a basic component of the development of standardization was created, which provides a comprehensive consideration of the issues of generalization in the standards of the best practices in the field of logistics in conjunction with the rules for operating containers and ensuring the safety of goods for their subsequent distribution in practice.

Tank Container World/Regulation

Tank containers in Russia: development is going well, but slowly

Today, the Russian fleet of tank containers, according to ITCO (International Tank Container Organization), is about 22 thousand units, although, given the size of the country, it could be at least two or three times larger. Demand for tank containers is growing, but it cannot always be satisfied by the manufacturer due to the complicated procedure for purchasing them. Russian companies. In addition, the development of tank container transportation in Russia is observed mainly in the railway segment, where they replace tank cars, while the intermodal capabilities of a tank container are practically not used.

Andrey Kupriyanov thinks so, Regional Manager in Russia, the Baltic States and the CIS countries of CIMC TANK, the world leader in the production of tank containers. In an interview with him, Tank Container World project manager Kirill Boltaev, he spoke about the company's strategy in the global and regional markets, the specifics of Russian demand for tank containers compared to global trends, shared his vision of the problems of developing tank container transportation in Russia and possible ways of their solution.

Tank Container World/Chemistry

Liquid chemical cargoes left to foreign ports

Russian seaports today do not have specialized terminals for the transshipment of liquid chemical cargo, so most of them are exported through the ports of neighboring countries that have such terminals. And the cream from this type of activity is removed by neighboring states - Estonia, Latvia and Ukraine. It should be noted that large Russian chemical companies are gradually increasing the capacity and volumes of transshipment of liquid chemicals abroad, in particular in Latvia and Estonia, even despite the aggravation of political relations with these countries, which at any moment can result in new sanctions and stop the export cargo flow. Or it will be like it happened with the Togliattiazot company in 2016, when Ukraine decided to increase the tariffs for the transit of ammonia, making the use of the Togliatti-Odessa ammonia pipeline unprofitable.

Meanwhile, the implementation of the most prepared project for the transshipment of ammonia by Togliattiazot in the port of Taman is constantly being postponed. And for some reason, other companies in the industry have no desire to transfer their cargoes to Russian ports, they probably do not see prospects for new projects in their homeland - they see the closest prospects for the appearance in Russia of new complexes for transshipment of liquid chemical cargoes not earlier than in 10 years.

Tank Container World/Chemistry

Stainless steel passivation technology for tank car repairs

Passivation is the treatment of stainless steel with concentrated acids. The passivation process allows stainless steel to return to its original properties, additionally protecting it from many external factors. This is a special chemical treatment metal products, after which a protective coating is formed on their surface.

resort to this method in order to restore a continuous oxide film damaged as a result of machining or welding during the production of products, or as a preventive measure after their long-term operation. It's about on the restoration of the protective properties of the internal surfaces of tank cars and tank containers.

Principles of economic zoning. major economic regions.

economic region is an integral part of National economy countries with their own specialization and a special structure of production and relations.

Economic zoning is the division of a country's territory into economic regions.

Basic principles of zoning:

Economic. According to this principle, the specialization of the region should be determined by such industries in which the costs of labor, funds for the production of products and their delivery to the consumer, in comparison with other regions, will be the smallest.

National, taking into account the ethnic composition of the population of the region, its

historical features of work and life.

Administrative, defining the unity of economic zoning and

territorial political and administrative structure of the country.

Major economic regions- these are clearly specialized and relatively complete territorial economic complexes: they play an important role in the all-Russian division of labor.

The following 11 large economic regions were formed in Russia: Northern, Northwestern, Central, Volga-Vyatka, Central Black Earth, North Caucasian, Volga, Ural, West Siberian, East Siberian and Far East.

Sea transport of Russia. Major ports and their specialization.

Share in total transport work - 9%

Navy Russia has ships of all types and purposes, but most of the ships are old (more than 10 years old) and require repair, there are not enough specialized ships.

Sea transportation is: foreign trade and coastal (within the country)

Coastal transportation is of 2 types:

small cabotage- goods are transported within one country and one basin, along their coasts (Novorossiysk - Tuapse; Vladivostok - Vanino)

big cabotage- in one country, but in different basins, along foreign shores (Murmansk - Novorossiysk)

The growth of maritime transport depends not only on the fleet, but also on the number of seaports and their throughput capacity. 2/3 of Russia's borders are maritime.

IN Russian Federation about 40 ports, of which only 11 are relatively large. There are not enough ports on the Baltic Sea, on the Black Sea there is only 1 large port - Novorossiysk.

The largest Russian ports- St. Petersburg (11 million tons), Vyborg (5 million tons), Kaliningrad (3.7 million tons). The power of own ports satisfies only 50%. Ports are shallow, there are no convenient bays.

1st place in cargo turnover belongs to ports Pacific Basin where cabotage is carried out. There are also foreign trade relations with the Asia-Pacific countries and Australia (export - salt, coal, timber, oil, etc.). A ferry crossing of railway wagons is used. Ports: Nakhodka, Vladivostok, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Vanino, Uglegorsk, Vostochny, Khomsk, Nagaevo (Magadan region), Korsakov.

2nd place belongs to Baltic basin, which provides foreign trade relations with the countries of Europe and America. Timber, metal, coal, oil are exported.

Ports: St. Petersburg, Kaliningrad, Lomonosovsky, Vyborg, Primorsk.

Through ports Black Sea basin mainly oil is exported.
Ports: Novorossiysk, Tuapse

North Pool. Highest value has the Barents Sea, which does not freeze and provides year-round navigation. 70% of traffic is inland transportation, carried out mainly within the Barents and Kara Seas.

The Northern Sea Route (Murmansk - Vladivostok) is of great importance. It connects Far East with European ports, as well as with the mouths of navigable rivers. Almost at total absence other transport routes to the north of Siberia for the use of the rich natural resources northern regions and their development, the role of the northern sea route is growing and will continue to grow.

Ports (inland transportation is carried out):

Murmansk (ores, apatites), Arkhangelsk (forest), Tiksi, Granary, Igarka (forest), Dikson

Transporting industrial and foodstuffs, building materials, fuel, for supplying the northern regions. Minerals are exported.

Russian seaports are scattered in 3 oceans and 12 seas and on the shores of the world's largest lake - the Caspian Sea. Their total cargo turnover averages at least half a billion tons per year. The figure is impressive, but compared to other ports in the world, this is not much. The reason for this is a number of problems experienced by Russian seaports. But about them later.

Major river ports

River ports of Russia are based on 28 rivers of the country, the largest among which are Lena, Neva, Volga, Amur. In addition to transporting industrial materials, they are also and through which passengers are transported.

Russian river ports do not function independently. Successful work is ensured by interaction with other modes of transport, and especially with trains and truck trucks.

Building materials travel along the Volga-Baltic Canal or the White Sea-Baltic Canal to St. Petersburg, and are delivered to the Cherepovets Plant.

replacement railway transport Lena, Amur and Yenisei have become in those areas that are poorly provided with gauges. They specialize in the transportation of oil products, cars, metal products. For some cities, if you do not take into account air transport, this is the only way to communicate with the outside world.

Arkhangelsk river port

The Arkhangelsk river port was founded in 1961. At times Soviet Union he actively developed. It suffered a decline with the collapse of the Union and until 2011, until it became part of Ecoteka. First of all, the emphasis was placed on the extraction of sand.

Approximately in two years, production volumes increased to 2 million tons. The total cargo turnover has reached over three million tons per year. The transition to round-the-clock service is also an achievement, and the paperwork is simplified - all the necessary papers are prepared in one place, without running around the offices.

The security system has also been set up. 24-hour video surveillance and the presence of constant security guarantee the safety of transport and cargo.

Summer navigation provides passenger transportation. At the service of the population - 9 motor ships. Routes are related to domestic traffic.

Cargo transportation is carried out to European countries, as well as to Solovki and other regions of the country.

Among the problems are insufficiently developed infrastructure, since the port was abandoned for a long time, as well as the low permissible draft of ships - up to 5 meters. Although management assures that such shortcomings will be corrected in the near future.

Yakutsk river port

The northern ports of Russia in their list have one of the largest - the Yakutsk river port. Founded in 1959, throughout the history of its existence, it has been fulfilling an important mission - it provides Yakutia and nearby regions with national economic products.

The Yakutsk River Port also carries out passenger transportation. An equally important part of his work is the delivery of cars, metal products, hard coal, building materials in the northern part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

The port also provides services for the processing of incoming cargo, having a number of enterprises working for it. It follows that it provides jobs for most of the population.

The list of port services also includes mining and production of building materials.

Krasnoyarsk river port

Eastern Siberia also boasts the location of a port on its territory, which is one of the largest ports in Russia. It is also the largest cargo handling facility in the Yenisei basin.

The location of the port makes it one of the most important components of the transport interchange in Siberia. It is located at the intersection of many air routes, the legendary highway passes through it.

The average throughput line is about 30 thousand tons per year. The Krasnoyarsk river port is engaged in cargo transshipment, cargo transportation, and passenger transportation.

Major seaports

As already mentioned, the cargo turnover of all Russian seaports is over half a billion tons per year, which is several times more than the average figure 10 years ago. This was made possible thanks to modern technologies loading and unloading of ships and storage system at ports.

The laurels of superiority in cargo turnover are occupied by the Black Sea basin. The basis of cargo is food industry products, metal. Also in the first place are the ports passenger traffic. This is due to the resorts, of which there are many in the territories of the Black Sea basin. The sea gates of this basin are the largest ports of Russia.

First in foreign trade became the Baltic basin. The ports of Russia on the map cannot boast such an enviable geographical position as those located within this basin.

Northern ports provide transportation of oil products, minerals, timber.

The only problem experienced by the old and new ports of Russia is the low turnover in general and the shallow waters of most of them.

Novorossiysk Commercial Sea Port

The largest ports of Russia on the map can be found within the Black Sea basin. One of these is the Novorossiysk Commercial Sea Port.

It operates around the clock and year-round, which is facilitated by the geographical location - it is located in the non-freezing part.

One of the oldest ports, it originally specialized in receiving and sending cargo for trade with other regions and countries. From the middle of the 19th century, the turnover of goods amounted to no more than 8 thousand pounds. Mainly specialized in sending food products and tobacco.

The construction helped to significantly increase the volumes railway. Over time, the system of unloading and loading was also established. bulky goods. The storm protection system, as well as an established security system, made the port a major trading center.

Sea trade port of Primorsk

It is the oil-loading capital of all ports of the country. Although his story gained momentum only in 2002.

The reason for the failures for him was the lack of direct land routes to the port. And the collapse of the Soviet Union only exacerbated the crisis. The construction of the Baltic pipeline system made the port the largest oil loading station. Since the beginning of 2002, the cargo turnover has averaged about 70 million tons of oil and diesel fuel.

Conclusion

The river ports of Russia are located in 17 basins, which indicates a developed system of communication between cities. In some cases, they serve as the best means of transportation and transportation of goods, as a relatively inexpensive type of crossing, as well as one that is most convenient for transporting bulky items.

The territory of the Black Sea coast is divided between seven different countries: Abkhazia, Bulgaria, Georgia, Russia, Romania, Turkey and Ukraine. Almost every port in the Black Sea is a resort center, has a mild climate, picturesque landscapes and rich recreational resources.

Sevastopol is the most beautiful port city in the Black Sea, a major tourist center and seaside resort. One of its main attractions is the Chersonese Tauride Reserve, where the ruins of an ancient city founded by the Greeks over 2500 years ago are located. The whole life and history of the city is connected with the sea. The sea is saturated with its very atmosphere. There are many monuments to great sailors and outstanding battles. One of the symbols of the city is the monument to the scuttled ships, set in the sea next to Primorsky Boulevard.

Another big port on the Black Sea- Sochi city. This is one of the most popular Russian resorts, which has all the conditions for recreation and recreation. The subtropical climate, lush southern vegetation, the proximity of the Main Caucasian Range and a huge number of beaches attract a wide variety of vacationers to the city: hikers, speleologists, and couples with children and the elderly. Among the natural attractions of the city, the Agur Gorge with picturesque lakes and the waterfall of the same name, Vorontsovskaya Cave, White Rocks and unique relic groves on Mount Akhun are in demand. In the city itself there are many parks, among which the most famous is the Sochi arboretum. All types winter holiday presented at the Krasnaya Polyana resort.

The Georgian city of Batumi is a famous resort surrounded by citrus orchards, bamboo and eucalyptus groves and plantations of bananas, laurels and magnolias. This is a port on the Black Sea, rich in natural and architectural sights. The decorations of the city are the Seaside Boulevard, the Singing Fountains, the Summer Theater and the Batumi Botanical Garden with a magnificent collection of subtropical plants.

Located on the Turkish coast - Trabzon, Samsun, Zonguldak and the handsome Istanbul, which also has access to the Sea of ​​​​Marmara. Istanbul is both an Asian and a European city, which has a unique charm and attracts tourists like a magnet. A remarkable historical, museum and architectural complex is the famous city wall of Istanbul with its fortresses and towers. Another significant building of the city is the Hagia Sophia, not far from which the Tolkapi Sultan's Palace is located. Ancient mosques and temples, lively squares, wide boulevards, noisy markets - all this gives the atmosphere of the city a special flavor. And one of the main tourist routes is the Bosphorus with a suspension bridge, medieval fortresses, fish taverns and numerous cafes.

The ancient city of Varna in Bulgaria, charming and quiet Constanta in Romania, frivolous and cheerful, and at the same time, heroic Odessa in Ukraine, sunny Yalta in the heart of the southern coast of Crimea - all these are major ports of the Black Sea, each of which has a complicated history and has a special Black Sea charm.

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If you want to try your luck in treasure hunting or in search of treasures on sunken ships, go to the Islands in the Black Sea. Small and cozy, they will reveal many secrets and give you a lot of thrills. The islands of the Black Sea are waiting for you.

Even a short trip across the Black Sea by ferry will not leave you indifferent. Even a small Kerch crossing from the Crimea to Krasnodar region or back will give you a bouquet of strong emotions: admiration, pride, surprise.

When choosing a cruise route, travelers often prefer distant cities and countries. But the Crimean shores are literally nearby, which can give no less impressions than Turkish or Egyptian ones. Do not miss near miracles in pursuit of distant ones.

Traveling along the Black Sea is not only beautiful landscapes and endless sea expanses, but also a lot of various entertainments. For example, walks on a transparent kayak are popular, through the bottom of which you can observe the life of underwater inhabitants.