The largest ports in the world. Where is the largest port in the world located? Rating and interesting facts about seaports

Since 2008, the American Association of Port Authorities (AAPA) has been publishing data on the cargo turnover of the largest ports in the world. Based on these data, the current article reflects the change in the cargo turnover of the TOP-100 ports for the foreseeable period: 2008-2015.

Abbreviations used in the material: MT - metric tons, FT - freight, RT - registered tons.

It is worth bearing in mind that ratings based on tonnage (MT, FT, RT) should be interpreted with caution as these measures (MT, FT, RT) are not directly comparable and cannot be converted into a single standardized unit.

It should be noted that the figures for Russia cause some bewilderment. Since the cargo turnover of the commercial port of Novorossiysk (according to the annual report of Novorossiysk MTP OJSC) amounted to 127.1 million tons in 2015, Ust-Luga - 87.9 million tons, Vostochny - 65.2 million tons. AARA believes that it is much less - 73.3 million tons in the port of Novorossiysk, 17.785 million tons - Vostochny. There are no data for Ust-Luga at all.

The AARA data for the ports of Primorsk and St. Petersburg for 2015 are the same for AARA and Novorossiysk Shipping Port.

The table includes the data of OAO Novorossiysk Port for three Russian ports, since the AARA information for Vostochny, Ust-Luga and Novorossiysk is questionable. Although the sources of AARA stated the websites of the ports. It is strange that there is such a discrepancy from the fact.

Table - TOP-100 world ports in terms of cargo turnover in 2008-2015, thousand tons.

	Port	A country	Unit rev.**			Change 2008-2015	Change %
	Singapore	Singapore
	Guangzhou
	Rotterdam	Netherlands
	Port Hedland	Australia
	tianjin
		South Korea
		South Korea
	Qinhuangdao
	Port of South Louisiana
	Port Kelang	Malaysia
	Antwerp
	Xiamen (Amoi)
	Shenzhen
		South Korea
		Australia
	Newcastle	Australia
		South Korea
	Ithaca (Sao Luis)	Brazil
	Vancouver
		Germany
		Brazil
	Tanjung Pelepas	Malaysia
	Novorossiysk (NCSP data)
		Brazil
	hay point	Australia
	Yokohama
		Brazil
	Gladstone	Australia
	Richards Bay
	Kitakyushu
	Amsterdam	Netherlands
	Saigon (Ho Chi Minh City)
	Algeciras
	Ust-Luga (not in AARA)
	New Orleans
	Corpus Christi
	Laem Chabang
		Germany
	Novorossiysk (AARA data)
	Al Jubail	Saud. Arabia
	Saldanha Bay
	Valencia
		South Korea
	Bandar Abbas
	East (not in the TOP-100 AARA)
		Saud. Arabia
	Visakhapatnam
	Jawaharlal Nehru Port
	baton rouge
	Primorsk
		Philippines
	Constanta
	Chittagong	Bangladesh
	Los Angeles
		Saud. Arabia
	Mobile (Alabama)
	Virginia
	Saint Petersburg
	lake charles
	Chennai (Madras)
		South Korea
	Calcutta
		Pakistan
	Alexandria
	San Sebastian	Brazil
	Tanjung Priok (Jakarta)	Indonesia
	Port Plaquemines
	Barcelona
		Malaysia
	Bandar Khomeini
		Norway
	Port of Paranagua	Brazil

*2009

** MT - metric tons, FT - freight, RT - register tons

Ports from the TOP-100 are located in:

USA - 13 ports;

China - 10 ports;

Japan - 7 ports;

South Korea - 6 ports;

Brazil - 6 ports;

India - 6 ports;

Russia - 5 ports;

Australia - 5 ports;

Malaysia - 3 ports;

France - 3 ports;

Spain - 3 ports;

Saudi Arabia - 3 ports;

Türkiye - 3 ports;

In other countries, 2 ports or less from the TOP-100.

Of the TOP-10, 6 ports are Chinese. And one each is located in Singapore, the Netherlands, Australia and South Korea.

Novorossiysk (according to NCSP) takes 32nd place in the TOP-100, overtaking such well-known ports as the port of New York or Amsterdam. Ust-Luga (takes 46th place according to NCSP) corresponds to the volume of cargo turnover of Tokyo or Marseille.

The most significant increase (+1200%) in 2008-2015 noted in the cargo turnover of the port of Ust-Luga. Biggest failure: Pohang (Korea) and Kaohsiung (Taiwan) ports - (minus) 24% each.

(image is clickable)

The largest ports in the world in terms of container turnover are now located in China - the main "workshop of the world", it is from here that the flow of cargo is generated, distributed to the whole world.

Shanghai

At the end of 2015, the port of Shanghai finally overtook Singapore and established itself in first place in terms of cargo turnover (646.5 million tons) and container turnover (36.5 million TEU). It is located in close proximity to the main Chinese metropolis. The port of Yangshan, the deep-water part of the Shanghai harbor, introduced at the beginning of the 21st century, helped to help the port of Shanghai take the first place in the world in terms of turnover.

Singapore

The port of Singapore lost the lead to Shanghai, but ranks second in terms of turnover in the world. Unlike other harbors of the world's top ten ports, Singapore does not generate cargo, but is a transshipment base on the way for cargo from China and Southeast Asia to other countries.

Singapore is connected to 600 ports in 120 countries. This was achieved due to the fact that the port has the most advantageous geographical position, located at the junction of the Pacific and Indian oceans. At the end of 2015, the port handled 30.9 million TEU.

Shenzhen

Despite its youth (the city was founded only in 1979), the port of Shenzhen now ranks third in the world in terms of cargo turnover (24.1 million TEU). Shenzhen was able to achieve such results due to the fact that it is the main port of the Pearl River Delta - the most dynamically developing region in the world with a population of about 80 million people.

In addition to Shenzhen, this region includes the largest Chinese cities: Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Dongguan, Foshan, and Macau.

This entire super-region is served by many ports, some of which are also among the ten most important in the world, but Shenzhen is the largest of them.

Ningbo-Zhoushan

The port of Ningbo-Zhoushan is also located on the Pacific coast of China and serves the central part of the country. This is one of the most polluted ports in the world, it consists of 191 berths, an oil terminal, as well as a transshipment berth. iron ore. Container turnover is about 20.6 million TEU.

In 2015, the port of Hong Kong handled 20.1 million TEU of cargo, with a 9.5% drop in annual turnover. The reason for this was that the main flow of cargo from South China and the Pearl River Delta is redirected to Shenzhen and Guangzhou.

Also in the top ten largest ports in Asia are:

Busan, South Korea (19.5M TEU); Guangzhou, China (17.6M TEU); Qingdao, China (17.3M TEU); Dubai, UAE (15.6M TEU); Tianjin, China (14 million TEU).

The largest ports of Europe have long since lost the palm to Asian and partly American ports. However, even now one of the world's largest ports is located on the European continent, and the developed continental river network makes it possible to have large river ports.

Cargo gate at sea

The main seaports of the European continent are:

Rotterdam, the Netherlands - once the largest port in the world, now ranks 11th in the world (12.2 million TEU). The port began to develop in the second half of the 19th century after the development of the Ruhr coal basin, thus Rotterdam became a transshipment base for the transportation of coal from Germany to the countries of the continent.

Despite the fact that on a global scale it has fallen out of the top ten, the port of Rotterdam remains the largest in Europe.

total area the port of Rotterdam is 105 km², and along the coast of the North Sea it stretches for 40 km.

Antwerp, Belgium, ranks second in terms of cargo turnover in Europe (9.6 million TEU). The port of Antwerp, which is 4 times larger than the city itself, for several centuries was the largest port in Europe, receiving cargo from all over the world and, first of all, from America. Now the port, nicknamed the "supermarket of Europe", ranks second on the continent.

Despite the fact that Antwerp bears the title of a seaport, it is located on the river and does not have direct access to the North Sea.

Hamburg is the main German port and the third on the entire continent (8.8 million TEU). The port of Hamburg is called "Germany's Gateway to the World" and is one of the city's main attractions.

The port itself is located at the mouth of the Elbe River, about 100 km from the sea coast, but has long been considered a seaport. Back in the Middle Ages, it was part of the Hanseatic League, and the current official name of the city is the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, and all these titles are associated with the city port.

Port of Bremerhaven, which literally means "Bremen harbor" is a port on the North Sea coast in Germany. The fourth largest port in Europe (5.5 million TEU).

In Germany, you can spend an unforgettable vacation. Read about all here important aspects holiday in this country.

Valencia, Spain, ranks fifth among the largest ports in Europe. Located on the west coast of Spain, the port handled 4.6 million TEU in 2015.

The largest ports in northern Europe are Rotterdam, Antwerp, Hamburg and Bremerhaven. On the Mediterranean coast of southern Europe stand out: Valencia, Algeciras, Barcelona (Spain), Trieste and Gioia Tauro (Italy), Marseille (France) and Piraeus (Greece).

The main harbors of the Baltic Sea are: Gdansk (Poland), Ventspils and Riga (Latvia), Klaipeda (Lithuania), Stockholm (Sweden) and Kiel (Germany). Le Havre (France), Cardiff (Great Britain), Dublin (Ireland), Porto (Portugal), Vigo (Spain) stand out on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean.

river harbors

From a practical point of view, Rotterdam, Antwerp, and Hamburg are river ports, but due to the fact that they are located at the mouth of rivers near the sea coast, they are considered to be sea ports. The main river in terms of cargo turnover is not the Volga or the Danube at all, but the Rhine, so the largest river port is Duisburg, Germany, serving the Ruhr basin.

Other important river harbors include Liege (Belgium), Strasbourg and Rouen (France), Bremen (Germany) and many others.

Due to the fact that Russia practically does not have deep-sea ice-free harbors and due to the continental nature of the country, sea transport in our country is not as developed as in the main economic centers of the world. But still, in Russia, maritime navigation plays a decisive role in trade with many regions of the world, and some Russian ports are among the top largest harbors on the continent.

northern region

The northern region belongs to the waters of the Atlantic and Arctic oceans. The largest ports of this region are located on the Baltic Sea. The largest seaports of the Northern region are:

Ust-Luga (87.9 million tons); Primorsk in Leningrad region(59.6 million tons); Big Port of St. Petersburg (51.1 million tons); Vysotsk (17.5 million tons).

If you are interested in travel destinations Russian Federation, then you are here.

The main ports in the Barents Sea are Murmansk (22 million tons in 2015) and Naryan-Mar.

Arkhangelsk is the largest Russian sea port of the White Sea, located 50 km from the coast at the mouth of the Northern Dvina.

The most important harbors of the Kara Sea are Dikson, Igarka and Dudinka. However, it is planned that the most important port of this sea will be the port of Sabetta, which is under construction, which will become transshipment point for the transportation of hydrocarbons produced on the Yamal Peninsula.

The only harbors of the Laptev Sea are Tiksi and Khatanga, which provide northern delivery via the northern sea route.

Far East

One of the largest ports of Russia is located in the Far East, connecting this region of Russia with the countries of East Asia and other countries of the world. For a long time, the championship belonged to the port of Vladivostok, but in our time it has been overtaken by other harbors of the Russian coast of the Sea of ​​Japan. Among the largest harbors Far East Russia stands out:

Vostochny port in Nakhodka Bay, Primorsky Territory (65 million tons in 2015); Vanino, Khabarovsk Territory (26.8 million tons); Nakhodka, Primorsky Territory (21.3 million tons); Prigorodnoye port, Sakhalin Region (16 million tons) .

It is in the North Caucasus on the Black Sea coast that Russia's largest port in terms of cargo turnover, Novorossiysk, is located.

Cargo turnover - 127 million tons. Such figures make Novorossiysk not only the most important harbor of the North Caucasus, but also one of the largest ports in Europe.

Tuapse (25.2 million tons) and the port of Taman are also allocated on the Black Sea coast, the capacity of which, according to the plan, should reach 70 million tons annually.

The Sea of ​​Azov has one of the largest harbors in Russia - it is Port Kavkaz (30.5 million tons). Azov, Taganrog and Temryuk are also important.

Port rivers

The main river ports of Russia are located on large rivers:

Don River (Rostov-on-Don); Volga (Astrakhan); Northern Dvina (Arkhangelsk); Irtysh (Omsk); Yenisei (Krasnoyarsk and Norilsk); Lena (Yakutsk); Amur (Blagoveshchensk and Khabarovsk).

Russian river ports, as a rule, serve large enterprises, timber is rafted along them, and the northern regions of Siberia and the Far East are also supplied.

Moscow is also an important river harbor, because it is not without reason that it is called the “port of five seas”. There are three river ports (Northern, Southern and Western).

Due to the geographical position, America's seaports belong to the waters of two oceans: the Pacific and the Atlantic. American Atlantic ports connect countries mainly with Europe, while Pacific ports serve sea routes to East, Southeast and South Asia, as well as Australia.

The largest ports of the Atlantic coast of the United States in terms of container turnover are:

New York (6.3 million TEU); Savannah, Georgia (3.7 million TEU).

In terms of cargo turnover, among the Atlantic ports stand out the main oil port of Texas Houston (212 million tons), as well as the port of South Louisiana in Laplace, which serves the import and export of products. Agriculture. It is this port that holds the lead in the total tonnage in the United States - 242 million tons.

On the Pacific coast, the main harbors are located in California:

Port of Los Angeles (8.1 million TEU); Port of Long Beach (7.2 million TEU).

Also important is the capital of the state of Washington - Seattle - 3.5 million TEU. Pacific ports mainly serve trade in industrial products with the countries of East Asia, so their cargo turnover is measured mainly in conditional containers.

Latin American

The main ports of Latin America are located in Panama in the waters of the famous Panama Canal, which provides communication between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. It is here that cargo is transshipped to other ships, so the country's main ports of Balboa (3 million TEU) and Colon (2.7 million TEU) are the most important points on the world trade map.

Other important ports in Latin America include:

Santos, Vitoria, San Luis and Salvador (Brazil); Cartagena (Colombia); Veracruz and Tampico (Mexico); Buenos Aires (Argentina); Caracas (Venezuela); Valparaiso and San Antonio (Chile); Guayaquil (Ecuador) .

The largest ports in Latin America are primarily focused on trade with the United States and East Asian countries, while trade with European countries is much lower.

The main ports of the African continent, included in the world's top harbors, are located in the very north (Tangier) and south (Durban) of the continent.

The port of Tangier (Morocco) is located on the coast of the Gulf of Gibraltar, which connects the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.

The largest ports are located in the economic leader of the African continent - South Africa, among them are Durban, Cape Town and Port Elizabeth.

Among the countries of Black Africa, the most important ports are Abidjan (Ivory Coast), Dakar (Senegal) and Lagos (Nigeria).

On the coast mediterranean sea Dumiyat, Port Said and Alexandria (Egypt) are considered the most important harbors.

World trade is developing rapidly. Enormous volumes of goods move daily from one part of the world to another by planes and trains, in small trucks and large trucks. It is hard to argue with the fact that the logistics industry has a huge impact on world economy. The most profitable logistics channel for most goods moving from continent to continent is the sea route.

It is not surprising that today's largest ports of the oceans resemble not even a city within a city, but a state within a state. Most big port in the world - the port of Shanghai - exceeds in area such countries as Malta and the Maldives. The Shanghai Seaport occupies a confident leading position in this list not only in terms of area, but also in terms of the main indicator that characterizes any port - container cargo turnover. In 2015, it reached 646.5 million tons. Read more in the article.

• Country: China
• City: Shanghai
• Cargo turnover, mln t: 646.5 mln
• Measure: MT
• TEU turnover: 36.5 million
• Type: Marine Deep Sea

It would be strange if China, this largest exporter-manufacturer, did not lead in terms of the volume and capacity of its ports. And Shanghai is one of the most advantageously located cities in this country. We can say that this city was historically destined to become the largest transshipment base for most of the goods that are produced by China's gigantic industrial capacities.

The port of Shanghai is located at the confluence of the Huangpu and Yangtze rivers. Port facilities stretch along the river for 60 kilometers. More than 100 berths make up a 40 km long mooring front. Each berth can accommodate 7 vessels, there are parking spaces for floating giants with a displacement of up to 10 thousand tons. Shanghai is connected with 600 other ports in 200 different regions and countries.

The port consists of 14 working zones, each of which specializes in certain types of cargo. The most important of them is the Yangshangan Terminal, put into operation in 2005. In its water area there is a man-made harbor on Yangshan Island, connected to the mainland by a trans-sea bridge, the length of which is almost 33 km, which makes it the longest of such structures in the world.

Yangshangan, in addition to loading and unloading operations, also provides dock service and towing of ships. With the launch of this terminal, the port of Shanghai rose to a leading position in terms of cargo turnover and has not lost ground since then.

Prior to the construction of the Yangshangan Terminal, the main area of ​​the port was the Pudong International Container Terminal. It is located in Waigaoqiao, the Shanghai Free Trade Zone. The length of the berthing front is 900 m, the total area is 500 thousand sq.m. Can store about 10 thousand containers at the same time.

In addition to these two large terminals, the Port of Shanghai has separate, more modest cargo terminals, some of which are connected to the railway network, some specialize in bulk cargo, processing of grain, oil, bulk cargo, fossils and raw materials.

Almost the entire foreign trade turnover of Shanghai transships through this huge port. Every 2nd ton of cargo of the entire turnover of Shanghai is processed here. The share of this port in China's total maritime cargo turnover exceeds 20%.

• Country: Singapore
• Cargo turnover, mln t: 560.9
• Measure: FT
• Cargo turnover, mln TEU: 32.6
• Type: Marine Deep Sea

The port of Singapore has long been a leader in the ranking of world seaports, until it was overtaken by Shanghai, rising to the first place in 2010. Favorable geographical position, as well as the special economic regime of the state of Singapore, allowed him long years to hold the palm, and accounted for more than half of the world's cargo turnover. More than 140,000 ships enter this port every year.

The port of Singapore has established trade relations with 600 ports in 120 countries of the world. This port, unlike the port of Shanghai, is a transshipment port, that is, more than 85% of the cargo arriving here by sea is immediately reloaded onto other ships. The Singapore Port has 50 berths. Most of the port is owned by PSA Corporation Ltd - former Office port. Now this holding controls all activities: management, operation and finances of the port.

The port of Jurong stands apart - it does not belong to the PSA Group and is managed by the Jurong Town Corporation. This port was built to serve the Jurong industrial area. There is a free economic zone on its territory. The Port of Singapore also includes the Marina, as well as the Marina Bay cruise center. Some refineries in Singapore also have their own berths and terminals.

• Country: China
• City: Tianjin
• Freight turnover, mln t: 477.3
• Measure: MT
• Cargo turnover, million TEU: 13.0

Northern port of China. It is located in the city of Tianjin, not far from the capital - Beijing, to the west of the Bohai Bay, at the mouth of the Haihe. This port is not as deep as Shanghai, it can accommodate vessels with a displacement not exceeding 300,000 tons. The area of ​​covered storage facilities is 188,000 sq.m.

The berthing front consists of 26 berths with equipment for unloading and loading of general, bulk, container cargo, rolled metal, as well as oil and liquid cargo. There is a free economic zone on its territory. In 2015, the port gained infamy due to a serious disaster that killed over 100 people and injured 700 more when an explosion occurred at the port.

• Country: China
• City: Guangzhou
• Cargo turnover, mln t: 472.8
• Measure: MT
• Cargo turnover, mln TEU: 15.3
• Type: Marine Deep Sea

Another Chinese port on the list. Tianjin is the port of the north, Shanghai is the port of Central China, Guangzhou is the port of the south. It is located at the mouth of the Pearl River. This city was also one of the first opened by the Chinese to foreigners, and it is natural that one of the largest ports in China grew up here.

Only a very small proportion of South China's exports bypass the port of Guangzhou. It is the fifth most sought after port in the world. This port is connected with 300 ports in 80 different regions of the world. Total storage area - 168 thousand sq.m. It consists of 4 production zones serving general, bulk and container cargo.

• Country: China
• City: Qingdao
• Cargo turnover, mln t: 450.1
• Measure: MT
• Cargo turnover, mln TEU: 15.5
• Type: Sea deep water port

This port is located on the Shandong Peninsula in the Yellow Sea. Cooperates with 400 ports in 130 different regions and countries of the world.

The port specializes in raw materials - lumber, oil and oil products, rolled metal, as well as grain and other bulk cargo. It also accepts general and container cargo. The port is equipped with large grain and oil storage facilities. In addition, there is a large passenger terminal, from where both cruise ships and passenger ferries leave for South Korea.

The area of ​​covered warehouses of Qingdao port is 57,000 sq.m., container area - 340,000 sq.m. Qingdao also hosts a northern base Navy China, a significant part of the port is controlled and used by the Chinese Navy for basing submarines and destroyers.

• Country: Netherlands
• City: Rotterdam
• Cargo turnover, mln t: 444.5
• Measure: MT
• Cargo turnover, mln TEU: 11.7
• Type: Marine Deep Sea

Rotterdam is truly the world's "window to Europe". It is located in the North Sea, in the delta of the rivers Rhine and Meuse. Through these rivers, the port communicates with other European countries: Belgium, France, Germany. Rotterdam was the world's busiest port until 1982 when Asian ports came to the fore. Today it is the largest and most powerful port in Europe, followed by the largest port of Antwerp in Belgium, the port of Hamburg in Germany.

Rotterdam specializes in non-packaged cargo - liquid and bulk, also accepts containers and general cargo. Its total area exceeds 100 thousand square meters, the length of the mooring front is about 40 km. Bandwidth- about 30 thousand ships per year. One owner of the port is the state, the other - the city. The port has no private owners. Operational activities are managed by the Port of Rotterdam - Management Company. The port includes a historical area - the old port, which offers guided tours.

• Country Russia
• City: Novorossiysk
• Cargo turnover, mln t: 73.6
• Measure: MT
• Cargo turnover, million TEU: 0.610
• Type: Marine Deep Sea

This port is not among the 20 largest ports in the world, but it is the largest seaport in Russia. Located in the Black Sea. About 20% of Russia's exports and imports pass through it. It is also the fifth largest cargo turnover in Europe.

Square Novorossiysk port is about 240 thousand sq.m. The length of the mooring front is 15 km. The port handles bulk, liquid and general cargo. The port is closely connected to the railway network. About 300,000 railcars pass through the Novorossiysk station a year.

I recently did review of the largest ports of Russia at the end of 2015.
And I was asked several times what the picture is like in the whole world.

So, now you can see the situation at the end of 2014 (according to the AAPA World Port Rankings). It takes into account the 100 largest ports of the planet in terms of two indicators - cargo turnover and container turnover. Since the rating has been underway for many years, it is quite interesting to compare the record-breaking ports in comparable terms with a distance of about 10 years: this approach well shows the global shift in world trade and activity to East Asia, which now generates the bulk of the tonnage.

In addition, the relatively modest role of the EU and the United States in maritime trade is visible. The main content of the 2003-2014 decade was the rise of China: now the ports of this country are the "workshop of the world" early XXI century - occupy most of the Top 25. Their growth over the decade is the fastest, if not explosive.

As you can see, the total turnover of the 25 largest ports increased by 82% over the decade - from 4.2 billion to 7.7 billion tons and reflects the overall increase in the intensity of world trade. The average size of a port has also increased significantly - if in 2003 even ports with a cargo turnover of less than 100 million tons were included in the Top 25, now the threshold for entering the "major league" is 150 million tons. But this is only the most general picture, a lot has changed inside.

And in the structure of changes, the most significant is the rapid growth of China (highlighted in yellow on the table).
If in 2003 there were 2 Chinese ports in the top ten: Shanghai and Guangzhou, plus Hong Kong (which historically inherited this position from the moment of the British protectorate and only 6 years ago entered the PRC as a special administrative region), then in 2014 - 6 (!), that is, more than half of the top ten! Moreover, Shanghai came out on the unconditional first place.

The role of Japan continues to decline, which has been steadily reducing its role in world shipping traffic for a decade and a half. In 2003, two Japanese ports (Chiba, Nagoya) were in the top ten and Yokohama was in 21st place, then a decade later there were two of them left and they fell to 16th and 23rd places. A certain decrease in the share occurred in South Korea, with an absolute increase in cargo turnover (2003 - 4 ports in the Top 25, 2014 - 3 and positions below). Dropped out of Top 25 Taiwan (Kaohsiung).

The European Union in 2003 was represented by four ports in the Top 25 - Rotterdam (the main European hub), Antwerp, Hamburg and Marseille. By the middle of the "tenths" there were only two of them left, and they dropped significantly in the ranking - say, Rotterdam from second place in the world to seventh. German and French ports have dropped out of the Top 25 altogether and are now ranked 26th (Hamburg) and 47th (Marseille). Next come Amsterdam (39th), Spanish Algeciras (43rd) and Bremen (48th). Italian and English ports (these countries were previously major maritime powers) are at the rear of the list. So, the English Grimsby occupies the 68th position, and the Italian Trieste - the 71st. London - once the gateway to the "workshop of the world" - and does in 96th place.

The United States also lost relative positions: in 2003 - 3 ports in the Top 25, including 5th and 6th places; in 2014 it was only 2 and below, while New York dropped from 18th to 34th place. The share of Australia has grown: if a decade ago it was represented by the only port in the 25th position, now there are three of them, including the fifth position in the world. However, the Australian cargo turnover is very specific and represents the export of mineral resources.

In general, the table can be divided into two fundamental different types ports: specialized and universal. The first handle mainly a certain type of cargo, which occupies an overwhelming share in their loading (Australian Port Hedland, for example). The latter work with a wide range of cargoes - serving, as a rule, a large economically active region (Shanghai, Rotterdam).

Here, too, two types can be distinguished: ports located directly in the places of generation of cargo flows (say, Shanghai) and those that specialize in transshipment operations at a convenient point on the World Ocean with crossing routes, the so-called. transshipmente (Singapore).

It should also be noted that the turnover of containers in the world grew much faster than the total turnover (for the ports of the TOP-25 - 113% growth against 66%).

Once the world's largest container port was Rotterdam (1987). This time has long passed - in 2003 he dropped to 8th place, and now he is only in 11th place, constantly losing ground. At the beginning of the 2000s, Hong Kong and Singapore held the undisputed leadership, mainly due to transchimpent operations. However, now "main" (mainland) China has taken the lead here too: even if we single out Hong Kong with its status of a special region, there are 6 (!) Chinese ports in the top ten - Shanghai, Shenzhen, Hong Kong, Ningbo, Qingdao, Guangzhou, Tianjin. A real "workshop of the world"!

Patterns with the decline in the role of the EU and the United States with Japan also apply here: their share is falling, despite the fact that they specialize in products with higher added value (2014: EU - 4 ports in the Top 25, USA - 3). There are no Japanese ports in the Top 25 according to this indicator, but the Vietnamese (Saigon) have appeared.

Dubai, which has tripled in size, acts as a hub for the Middle East region. Busan in South Korea retained its position, but Indonesia and the Philippines dropped out of the Top 25. Taiwanese ports "lost weight" in the rankings - thus, Kaohsiung went down from 6th to 13th place.

Russian ports occupy a modest place in both ratings: the share of our country in world trade is small, and transport traffic is very small. to no small extent- continental, not maritime. The largest port in Russia - Novorossiysk(127 million tons, 2015), which is now rapidly catching up with Ust-Luga, approaching the one hundred million mark (87.9 million tons). The largest container port in Russia - Saint Petersburg(approx. 2.5 million TEU). By the way, in the AAPA tables, the cargo turnover of Russian ports is given in a significantly underestimated amount - perhaps the accounting methodology is different.

2) Cargo turnover indicators: MT - metric ton, FT - freight ton, RT - customs ton. The last two indicators take into account not only weight, but also volume, taking into account the cases of "heavy but compact cargo" and "light cargo with large volume" and setting a strictly defined ratio of weight and volume. Ports different countries calculate their performance in these slightly different units of measurement.

3) Transshipment- a mode of carriage in which the carrier has the right to reload the cargo at any time to another ship, without disclaiming responsibility for its delivery to the owner.

The biggest ports

5 (100%) 1 vote

Back in 2013, the American Association of Port Authorities compiled a list of the largest ports in the world. This list was created on the basis of the total turnover of each port.

Table of Contents

port of shanghai

It is located near Shanghai itself and is the largest river and sea port. From the moment the port was created, it has managed to increase its cargo turnover by more than 6 times. If in the eighties the volume of cargo handled did not exceed 100 million tons, then thirty years later this figure increased to 696 million tons. Although two years later (in 2015) the figures fell to 646 million tons.

Port of Singapore

This port was the largest until 2005. Today, it receives more than 100 ships every day, and its cargo turnover is more than 560 million tons.

Port of Tianjin

This port is located almost 200 km from Beijing near the Haihe River. It cooperates with more than 400 ports around the world, and its cargo turnover in 2011 exceeded 450 million tons.

Port of Guangzhou

Another Chinese port. It is considered the largest port in the south of the country. It was founded in 2004 and has since increased its handled volume from 200 to over 315 million tons. Guangzhou Port also cooperates with ports in 80 countries around the world.

Port of Qingdao

The third port of China, which is included in the list of the largest. Location: Shandong Peninsula. The port has 47 berths. Its cargo turnover in 2013 reached 450 million tons. On the territory of the port there are special storage facilities for oil or grain. The port can be divided into three parts: oil, new and old. It cooperates with more than 100 countries of the world.

Port of Rotterdam

Located in the Netherlands. The largest European port. Its cargo turnover in 2014 was estimated at 440 million tons. For a long time it was the largest port in the world, until Asian ports overtook it. But even after being badly damaged by the Second World War, today huge ships arrive in the port of Rotterdam, mainly with oil products.

Port of Ningbo

Chinese port, which cooperates with more than 90 countries of the world. It has 191 berths at its disposal, which accept ships with a displacement of 10,000 tons or more. The volume of cargo handled in 2013 amounted to 499 million tons, which made it the largest port in mainland China.

Port of Port Hedland

The first Australian port on our list. The port specializes in the export of iron ore. Deliveries are made mainly to China, for example, to the port of Qingdao, which was mentioned above. The port's cargo turnover is more than 370 million tons.

Port of Dalian

The port began its work in 1899. It is located in the north of China. The total area of ​​the port is over 340 square kilometers. From the port, transportation is carried out to America, Europe and South Asia. In total, the port has entered into an agreement with more than 150 countries around the world. The volume of the port's handled cargo is more than 320 million tons.

Port of Busan

The last on our list is the port of the Republic of Korea. The port can be divided into seven districts. It was built in 1876 and became the best port in the republic. The length of the port berth is 10 kilometers. In 2013, the port's cargo turnover amounted to more than 310 million tons.

Even from this list, you can see that Asia is actively ahead of other regions in the field of the port industry. Even subsequent ports (Port of Hong Kong and Qinhuangdao) are in Asia. And only in thirteenth place does the first American port appear (the port of South Louisiana) with a cargo turnover of about 216 million tons.