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Design scheme for a mini farm for cattle. Prefabricated trusses

Mini farms for cattle (cattle) are created for the production of meat and dairy products. Keeping cattle is a profitable and profitable business that requires a certain approach and a set of knowledge.

Grazing for a cow is more convenient than keeping in a stall

The creation of a cattle farm begins with the creation of a business plan that provides for the main stages of implementing the idea:

Select a site with the necessary communications or with the possibility of their implementation.
Determine the number of livestock.
Choose the type of mini-farm direction and the type of animal keeping.
Decide on the technical premises, equipment.

Farm project for 10 cows

When building a mini farm for 50 heads, a frame or frameless method is used. In the first version, the barn is built taking into account the wishes of the farmer from bricks, cinder blocks, concrete slabs. The frameless method is the construction of a hangar from metal structures. This is a more economical option, but the lack of windows in the hangar deprives the barn of natural ventilation.

Schematic diagram of farm ventilation

The cowsheds provide for ventilation, water supply, lighting, sewerage.

When building or buying a barn, they proceed from the planned number of animals and the norms for their maintenance. When keeping cows, it is important to take into account for each of them from six square meters of area, and for a cow with a calf - from ten square meters.

Area per cow

Keeping cows in stalls has its advantages: the animal has a place where it is fed, watered and milked. With the free movement of cows on the farm, they allocate places for rest, feeding and milking, separate separate pens for calves and bulls. Behind the stalls, a meter-wide passage is arranged for a chute with manure and slurry. The gutter is taken out of the barn through a specially provided window. The floor is made with a slope for the drainage of liquids; an adobe floor with boards rammed into it is practical. In addition to the barn, the farmer will need a room for feed, a place to store manure, a place for walking / grazing animals.

Winter walk at the farm

In cowsheds, it is necessary to maintain a certain microclimate. The table shows the requirements necessary for the comfortable keeping of young animals and cows older than one year.

Options	room
		loose content
Temperature	10 0 C (8 0 C -12 0 C)	6 0 C (5 0 C -8 0 C)
Humidity
Permissible carbon dioxide content

Cow barn with calf

Equipment

Keeping cows in a mini farm is impossible without the necessary equipment: you will need feeders, drinkers, a milk pipeline (to a large farm), milking machines and systems. Farms for cows must be equipped with feeders. The simplest type of feeder is a wooden chute, which is made in one piece or with folding sides for easy cleaning. For a large herd of cattle, group feeders are used.

A few cows can be milked by hand, but portable bucket milkers or herringbone systems are used to milk large numbers of cows.

For hardware milking, it is necessary to provide a stall for milking

Scales for cattle are used to check the weight gain of animals, cows are weighed before sale. Scales represent a platform with a protection for fixing of an animal.

If it is not possible to buy scales in small private farms, the weight of cows is determined by measuring the oblique body length and chest girth. To calculate the weight, the Trukhanovsky formula is used. The result obtained is increased by 5% - 10% with a high fatness of the animal, and reduced by the same percentages with a fatness below the average level.

Drawing how to make wood feeders

Metal feeder for hay

Drinkers for cattle

In free-range farms it is possible to install a group drinker or individual automatic drinkers for each cow. Group drinkers are divided into stationary and mobile. Stationary use in a barn, mobile on pastures.

If cows are kept in stalls, individual automatic drinkers or level-type drinkers are installed.

Metal drinker in the barn

In small mini farms, buckets are often used. Drinkers for cattle are bought in a store or made independently, but industrial-made drinkers are more hygienic. Without harm to the health of cows, metal, cast iron or plastic drinkers are used. Drinking bowls with water heating are also produced. Experts recommend the use of individual automatic drinking bowls, their use helps to avoid mass infection.

Feeding the calves in the barn

paddock

To create a farm and walk animals, a land plot is bought or rented. The main thing is that it should be in a high place, without lowlands, the best option is former farmland, abandoned collective farm or state farm land, no further than a kilometer from the barn. According to experts, during the grazing season, the cost of medicines is reduced, including the need for fewer drugs for insemination.

The company "StroyCompany" offers services for the construction of livestock farms. We specialize in the construction of objects of any complexity, taking into account all the wishes of the customer and observing all modern norms, standards and rules. These facilities include livestock farms. We offer the construction of farms in a short time and at a favorable price.

Construction of modern livestock farms and complexes

Today, the construction of livestock farms requires a modern approach and the use of technological innovations. Our company has everything necessary to build livestock farms in almost any area. Specialists go to the site, draw up a project for the future complex, prepare technical documentation and, after agreement with the customer, proceed to the construction of a livestock complex and individual farms for any number of livestock.

Construction of turnkey livestock farms

Based on the client's order and the specifics of the territory where the construction is planned, our company carries out the construction of livestock farms on a turnkey basis. This service includes the following types of livestock farms:

construction of cowsheds and tethered farms for 50, 100, 200, 300 heads;
farms and cowsheds with free-standing housing for 40, 80, 120, 200, 300, 480, 520, 600, 1100, 1800 heads;
farms and barns with bedless and bedding method of keeping;
loudspeakers;
veterinary facilities;
sanitary checkpoints and other buildings for livestock farming.

A modern mini-farm for family-type cows is the dream of many villagers. But not everyone dares to acquire such a useful and very profitable business. There are many reasons for this, ranging from indecision to a banal lack of money. Let's analyze in detail how realistic it is to make a normal mini-farm on your own and what is needed for this. And we will tell practitioners about the specific parameters inherent in a family mini-farm and give recommendations on its construction.

What is the benefit

First of all, let's define the terminology - a mini-farm of cattle means a small enterprise, designed to keep from 10-15 to 100 heads. If there are fewer animals, then it is rather a subsidiary farm. And if more, then the farm is already moving into the category of medium or large enterprises.

Let's start with the fact that milk and meat are goods that will always be in demand. Neither the government, nor the political system, nor the views in society significantly affect this business.

Small business is almost always a stepping stone to big things. And specifically, the cow business, with the size of meadows and fields that our country has, nothing prevents it from growing indefinitely.

Selling milk is the first thing that comes to the mind of a simple layman. But besides this, there are also meat farms. Now there is a huge demand for cheeses, yoghurts and other dairy products. Gradually buying more equipment, you will grow to a mini-factory.

Plus, you offer an environmentally friendly, real product and it is guaranteed to find a buyer. Add to this the sale of calves, bulls and the same manure for fertilizer, and you will understand that, with a reasonable approach, this is a gold mine. And for starters, you provide work for yourself and your family.

Where to get money

If we consider the farm as a business, then the most win-win option is to save money, but it is also the most difficult to implement. Not everyone, it turns out, saves, plus it takes time and decent work to save, and this is what most often causes problems.

The banking sector is now willing to provide loans for the development of animal husbandry and agriculture. But here you find yourself in bondage to the bank for about 5 years at least. The advantages of this option are obvious, but in the event of force majeure, such as an epidemic on the farm or an increase in feed prices, you are at great risk.

You can try to find a wealthy partner and share the business with him. A person invests money in a farm, and you take care of all the issues from choosing a site to selling goods. When a stable profit goes, the partner receives a constant passive income, and you are a business with a serious growth prospect.

And finally, you can try to take money from the state. Every year, young entrepreneurs are given preferential interest-free loans for the development of promising projects. A mini-farm is considered a promising area, and by correctly compiling a business plan, you have a real chance to get this money.

General plan of action

Starting the construction of a mini-farm for cattle, you need to plan the sequence of actions. That is, write a business plan for yourself. It is better to start with a farm for 10, maximum - 30 heads. Of course, each specific area has its own conditions and each has a different starting capital. But there are plan points that are the same everywhere:

register an individual entrepreneur - without it it will be more difficult for you to get a loan and there may be problems with the tax;
choose a plot for a farm;
choose or draw up a farm project yourself;
solve the problem with the supply of roads and communications;
build a farm;
buy cattle;
decide where to put the products;
count the profit and think about expanding the farm.

We note right away that in many villages there are still old Soviet cowsheds, and so they are unlikely to be suitable for a mini-farm, since these enterprises are designed for a large number of heads, and we have a small production and a different infrastructure.

Choice of direction

Initially, it is desirable to “tie” the design of a mini-farm to the general specialization of the enterprise. There are several directions - dairy, meat, mixed and rearing of young animals for sale.

There are also full-cycle farms where they do everything at the same time, but it is very problematic to implement such a project in miniature and we do not recommend this option to you.

A dairy farm is a priority, but troublesome direction. You need to be able to take care of cows, if you clearly understand such concepts as a dry period, a service period, competent fertilization, distribution and delivery, then you can safely take on it. By the way, a meat and dairy farm will be more profitable, but it is even more difficult there.

Raising bulls for meat is almost ideal for beginner farmers. You buy calves at the age of 3-4 months and feed them up to a year and a half. The average weight of a slaughter bull is 400-500 kg, and young veal in the markets will be "torn off with your hands." But in order to get real profit from the farm, you yourself must be able to beat and butcher cattle.

Growing young animals requires greenhouse conditions on the farm, breeding producers and very good feed. Without experience, it is better not to take it.

Site Selection Criteria

Before you build a mini-farm, you need to find a good place for it. By the way, we strongly do not recommend building a farm in your garden. Keeping a cow and a calf at home is normal, but when there are more than a dozen of them, the smell from the farm will spread far around. Why do you have so many enemies?

When choosing a place for a farm, there are several basic rules. Thus, it is forbidden to build farms closer than 50 m from the places of natural water intake and natural reservoirs. Simply put, a farm cannot be placed close to wells and rivers. But cows love to swim and no one forbids you to build your business a hundred meters from the lake.

Well, if there is a forest or a landing nearby, in the midday heat the animals will be able to hide there. An important factor is the availability of fodder lands. Of course, you can build a farm with cows without walking, but the animals there are not so hardened, plus you will have to spend more money on buying and transporting quality feed. The only thing that definitely cannot be done is to build a farm next to a swamp, in which case diseases and regular poisoning of your cows are guaranteed.

Farm Requirements

The ideal option is to order the construction of a turnkey farm according to a ready-made standard project. Insulated frame cowsheds from sandwich panels are built in a maximum of 2 months. But such a farm project will increase the estimate by about 40%.

Building a mini-farm with your own hands is a very real task. As for the mandatory requirements, for comfort, a cow on a farm with a range needs about 15 square meters. m. The calf requires another 6-8 square meters. m. Under the cultivation of a bull-calf, 12 square meters are calculated. m.

On a no-run farm, cows are kept in stalls. The size of the stall is 1.25x2.7 m. You can’t make it wider, as the cow will be able to turn her back to the feeder, which means there may be problems with manure in the feeders. Plus, on a farm without walking, you definitely need a paddock for walking. You can’t keep a cow in a cramped stall all the time, she will get sick.

The minimum height of the truss walls is 2.5-2.7 m. It is easier to build a gable roof without an attic and make ventilation outlets in the ridge. But if you equip the attic, then you can equip a hayloft there. True, in this case, forced ventilation will have to be installed. The height of the windows on the farm is 1.5 m and you should not save on them.

The subtleties of building a farm

If you do not have real training as a builder, and it is expensive to hire people for the budget, then it is better to build the walls of the farm from porous concrete (foam or aerated concrete), cinder block or shell rock. An amateur can cope with such a masonry. Building a farm out of brick is costly and difficult, while wood absorbs odors and gets wet.

The floors on the farm are poured from concrete. To prevent dampness and cold from concrete, a layer of insulation is immured into the screed. Extruded polystyrene foam is used here, only it is able to withstand the weight of a reinforced concrete screed.

The floors in the stalls are poured under a slope to the gutter (the slope is 20 - 30 mm per 1 m / p). The gutter is also mounted at a slope. By the way, it is better to make a gutter according to the size of a shovel, so it will be easier to clean. The mechanized manure removal system on the farm is certainly a big plus, but it’s really possible to clean up up to 30 heads in a barn with your own hands. Although it is better to plan the installation of mechanisms at the construction stage, if there will be money - put it on.

You can’t save on the doors and windows of the farm, immediately put plastic. It is easier to wash and plastic is indifferent to odors, and most importantly, there will be no drafts, because they are very dangerous for cows.

Where to put the goods

Sending milk to a dairy is a possible, but not the best way out. We are talking about mini-farms, so there is relatively little milk. If you rent or buy a small trailer with a tank, in other words, with a barrel for milk, you will be able to transport milk to the nearest city on your own. By the way, there are milk barrels that can be attached to a car.

Unsold milk is processed into cheese, cottage cheese and other products and also exported for sale. If you take it to one place and at one time, then in a couple of months a queue will be waiting for you on it.

Meat is a separate issue. If you specialize only in beef, you will have to organize a slaughterhouse and take the finished product to the market. It is unprofitable to sell carcasses in bulk in small volumes. On dairy and meat and dairy farms, the number of livestock almost doubles every year. Calves can either be sold or kept for development.

Believe me, with a reasonable approach, the topic of animal husbandry is quite profitable. If you liked our tips, like and share with your friends. Perhaps another successful business will start with your filing.

A mini-farm for cows will help ensure a stable income. Initially, you can buy a small livestock. Gradually, the business will increase, the number of bulls and cows in the herd will increase. The proposed recommendations will help to organize and equip everything correctly.

A mini-farm for cows will help ensure a stable income

If you are planning to organize a farm, you need to carefully consider and calculate everything. An exemplary business plan for a dairy farm for 20 heads includes the main points of the organization of the process and financial issues.

The main points include:

choosing a place for a future mini-farm;
rent or purchase of a land plot (if it is not available);
purchase of inventory;
purchase of the initial livestock - bulls and cows;
organization of proper care for each individual;
maintaining cleanliness;
cleaning of waste products - manure.

Financial issues include items of expenditure and ways to earn income on the farm. The required investment determines the amount of initial capital required to start a business.

The main expenses are as follows:

purchase of building materials;
construction of a mini-farm;
purchase and delivery of livestock;
wages for hired personnel;
fodder preparation;
payment for veterinary services.

In fact, the productivity of these animals is extremely high.

A mini-farm for 10 cows will pay off very quickly. Such an enterprise can generate income in several directions. It could be:

sale of milk and dairy products;
sale of high-quality beef and/or meat by-products;
sale of skins;
sale of bulls and heifers, i.e., young animals;
sale of manure as an organic fertilizer;
paid provision of breeding individuals for mating (mating) to owners of other farms.

In addition, you can also organize the sale of hay and / or silage. Of course, subject to the availability of appropriate land plots.

Farm from scratch (video)

The right choice of location

In order to build a farm for cows without any problems, you need to choose the right piece of land. It should be a level and well-trodden area. The presence of a small forest belt near the mini-farm will protect the animals from drafts and / or strong winds.

According to the legal norms of the relevant laws of the Russian Federation, natural reservoirs and / or sources of drinking water must be at least 30 m away from places where large livestock are kept, otherwise the owner may be fined a large amount. In this case, the mini-farm will have to be moved to another site.

An equally important point - the absence of residential and / or other buildings near the place where the mini-farm will be equipped, cattle - this is an inevitable unpleasant smell. Do not create discomfort for residents of nearby settlements. On its own plot, a mini-farm for cows is being set up closer to the place where fruit and vegetable crops are planted. This will make it easier to use the manure to fertilize the soil. From a residential building, a modern farm should be located at a distance of 15 meters or more. Additionally, the main wind direction in the region should also be taken into account.

To easily build a farm for cows, you need to choose the right piece of land

Saving money

For a novice farmer to maintain, for example, ten or twenty heads, it is better to rent land. It will be much cheaper than buying. You can pick up a site with ready-made buildings, which, after a small repair, will provide proper living conditions for cattle. A leased plot and/or a cowshed for 50 heads has such a significant advantage as the ability to terminate the contract without any problems. For example, if a more suitable option was found.

The farm project and the initial estimate should be drawn up, focusing on recycled material. Used bricks, wood, etc. can be purchased much cheaper. The main thing is to check the quality of the goods - the degree of wear, safety, etc.

Sawdust is used for bedding in the barn. You can cook them yourself. To do this, you can buy old wood - frames, boards, lumber that are not usable.

Preparing for construction

To ensure proper housing and / or care of cows, a farm plan will help, which must be prepared in advance. You can make it yourself or find a suitable mini-farm project from friends and acquaintances.

The work site must be marked. At the same time, a place is necessarily prepared for storing building materials and tools.

Independent construction of a farm for cattle requires significant labor and time. You can speed up the process by inviting assistants. Hiring a construction team will be very expensive.

Tools and materials

Before building a farm, you need to stock up on the necessary tools and materials. For work you will need:

dry concrete mix or cement and sand;
brick, wood or blocks;
slate;
ruberoid;
insulation;
fasteners;
bars and/or beams.

The tool kit must include:

shovels - shovel and bayonet;
roulette construction;
plumb and level;
technical knife;
puncher or electric drill;
construction mixer or concrete mixer;
solution containers;
saw and / or hacksaw;
mason's tool;
wire cutters and/or pliers;
hammers and sledgehammers;
overalls;
rag.

To store a supply of materials and working tools, you can equip a small barrack or a fenced area with a canopy.

Mini farm (video)

Barn dimensions

The health of cattle directly depends on the conditions of the herd. To make the animals feel comfortable, it is necessary to plan the following dimensions of the barn:

main area - 500 m² for 50 heads (at the rate of 6 m² per 1 adult or 10 m² for queens with offspring);
additional area for storage of feed, inventory and equipment;
wall height - from 2.5 to 3 m;
height to the roof ridge - not less than 3.5 m.

Experienced livestock breeders do not advise building very large barns for a wide range of livestock. In small rooms for 10 or 20 animals, animals feel more comfortable. At the same time, the cows on the farm are healthy and give a good milk yield. In the event of infection of one or more individuals, the main livestock will be easier to protect from the disease. In addition, a barn for 20 heads is easier to keep clean and tidy in order to obtain high-quality milk and / or meat.

Independent construction of a farm for cattle requires significant labor and time

barn construction

The selected version of the mini-farm and barn project needs to be studied and, if necessary, slightly modified. This will help tailor the proposed projects to specific conditions.

A brick structure for cattle must be built on a massive foundation. Under frame, wooden or block walls, you can make a lightweight version. The roof is made 2-pitched with a high ridge. From above, a hayloft and a storage system for the necessary inventory, equipment, etc. are being equipped. Another option is a modern hangar-type barn with an arched roof. The profile for it is gradually increased to the required size.

The ceiling of the cattle room is usually made of thick board. For cold regions, double decking is required. Joints are sealed with clay. To keep warm, it is necessary to pour sand or sawdust. The layer thickness is at least 10 cm.

The floor in the barn is best made of concrete. It is bred and poured using conventional technology. The concrete floor is durable, comfortable for animals and staff. Maintaining cleanliness does not require significant effort and time.

Plank floors are cheaper. However, it is necessary to cover the connecting seams with clay. Mandatory slope for the floor in the barn - no more than 2 cm per 1 m. This is safe for cows and convenient for cleaning manure.

Inside the barn, it is necessary to equip stalls measuring 170 by 110 cm. For the manufacture of partitions, you can use the following materials:

board;
reinforcing bar;
log;
beam;
metal pipe.

The floor is covered with dry chopped straw or sawdust. You can make wooden flooring. In the center of the room you need to leave a wide passage for the farm staff.

A canal or gutter is arranged at the back for the drainage of manure masses. Be sure to make a slope towards the tank for collecting liquid manure. The gutter is brought out through a special hole (opening) in the wall. It needs a latch.

Drinkers and feeders are easy to make with your own hands. They are placed in front of the stalls. The width of the bottom is 40 cm. From the bottom up, the feeder expands to 70 cm. The height of the outer side is 70 cm. The inner side facing the animal is not higher than 30 cm.

Conditions of detention and sanitary standards

The microclimate is very important for cattle. Therefore, in the barn of a farm for 50 heads, windows are needed for ventilation. They are located at a height of 120-150 cm above the floor. The ventilation system and heating device (if necessary) will help ensure the temperature and air circulation.

The area of thermal neutrality, i.e., the optimal temperature regime, is provided in the barn, depending on the breed of animals. Usually required from +4 to +20 °C. For young bulls and heifers, warmth is especially important. Large rooms will require artificial lighting. Electrical wiring must be installed by a specialist during the construction period.

Industrial animal husbandry is one of the most profitable options for agricultural business, allowing you to make significant profits, regardless of the size of the productive herd and the level of technical equipment of production. To a greater extent, the efficiency of livestock farms is influenced by an integrated approach, which includes a wide range of requirements, from choosing a site for the construction of a cattle farm to compiling a diet for productive animals. As in any business, there are no trifles, therefore, before investing forces and funds in this type of business, it is necessary to understand all the nuances of the maintenance and industrial use of cattle.

Of course, keeping cattle is a specific type of activity and requires a certain level of training in various fields: from veterinary medicine to economics. Therefore, it would be wise for a new entrepreneur to study the fundamental information regarding the following points:

the choice of meat, dairy or mixed direction, the study of breeds of productive livestock in accordance with the decision;
selection of the type of keeping animals in the conditions of a particular livestock farm;
features of keeping and servicing meat or dairy herds in the warm and cold seasons in relation to a certain territorial or climatic zone;
step-by-step study of the technological process of obtaining the final product in order to assess the efficiency of production and eliminate economic risks;
formation of a forage base, including the organization of pastures and the selection of the most profitable fodder suppliers;
effective marketing planning for finished products.

Options and activities

Breeding and keeping cattle for the purpose of obtaining milk and meat is traditionally considered the main direction in animal husbandry.

Due to climatic conditions and the instability of the natural forage base in almost all regions of Russia, keeping a herd of cattle exclusively for meat production does not meet the requirements of economic feasibility. The integrated use of livestock, both for milk production and for meat production, is much more profitable, since cows of modern dairy breeds, which are not demanding on keeping conditions, gain significant weight after fattening.

Meat farm

Before relying on beef cattle breeding, it is necessary to conduct a thorough monitoring of the breeding animal market and select breeds for your farm that are most suitable in terms of productivity and endurance in specific climatic conditions.

Animals of meat breeds require certain conditions of keeping and feeding. First of all, it is the presence of free grazing with a sufficient amount of pasture for three seasons. Feeding beef cattle in winter should also be plentiful and nutritious. Hay, silage, compound feed, and especially cereals and legumes can provide stable weight gain in productive animals in the absence of pasture.

For feeding calves, some breeders use the milk of adult animals, since it is not the final product of meat farms. This allows not only to improve the quality of livestock rearing, but also significantly save on maintenance personnel.

Cattle that have reached the most optimal size and weight are slaughtered at the age of 8-10 months for bulls and 14-15 months for heifers. To obtain young meat, cattle are slaughtered after reaching six months of age.

Milk farm

The farm for dairy cattle has design features associated with the specifics of keeping and using a productive herd. The main difference lies in equipping the premises with special equipment for milking and milk quality control.

It should be noted that more stringent requirements are imposed on the maintenance of a dairy herd of cattle than on the rearing of animals for fattening. First of all, it refers to feeding. The diet of dairy cows should contain a sufficient amount of juicy and nutritious feed that stimulates an increase in milk yield, as well as plenty of fluids provided several times a day.

In addition, the comfort of living has a beneficial effect on the lactation of cows, so much attention should be paid directly to the arrangement of the premises. The farm building should be warm, dry, with good air circulation. Dairy stalls should have waste drains to ensure that dairy cows are always kept in proper sanitary and hygienic conditions.

Requirements for a home mini-farm

The production of meat and milk at home is a completely affordable type of business that allows you to receive stable income. The most important requirement for starting a business is the availability of an appropriate premises. Its main criteria are:

solidity and reliability, allowing you to create comfortable conditions for keeping cattle in any climate and under any weather conditions;
ceiling height not lower than 3.5 m, allowing air to circulate freely inside the room;
the provision of the facility with engineering infrastructure (electricity, water supply), which allows connecting and operating special equipment;
equipping with equipment for the maximum possible mechanization of the process;
sufficient area of the premises in accordance with the standards for the chosen direction and type of content.

In addition, the specifics of a home farm dictates its own requirements for the availability of additional premises: a meat barn should have a workshop for butchering carcasses, and a dairy barn should have a workshop for bottling and storing milk.

How to design a mini farm?

In order to engage in animal husbandry, you can take a typical farm project as a basis and make your own adjustments to it in accordance with the chosen direction and method of keeping cattle.

Land selection

The size of the land plot for building a family farm depends on the number of cattle units and the type of end product that you plan to receive on your farm.

In any case, it should be sufficient to accommodate directly the premises for keeping animals, facilities for storing feed and areas for grazing cattle.

In addition, it is advisable to provide sites for the preparation of fodder for the winter period, since the lack of own fodder base negatively affects the final financial result of the farm.

The decisive importance in the choice of a land plot is given to the presence of the necessary communications or the possibility of their summing up, because. without electricity and running water, the functioning of a modern farm is not feasible.

It is worth paying attention to the fertility of the soil, the availability of access roads and the general location of the chosen territory in relation to labor and material resources, as well as potential buyers, since most of the profits from entrepreneurship can be spent on the delivery of service personnel, feed and milk (meat).

Building equipment

In a typical project of a farm for cattle, it is necessary to provide premises for loose keeping of livestock or equipment of individual stalls with ties for each individual. Their proper design, which includes drains for timely cleaning, is of great importance, since it allows you to keep dairy cows in good sanitary condition at the lowest cleaning cost.

When constructing a dairy farm, it is important to correctly plan the transport logistics within the farm, including an automatic milking and water supply system, the structure of feeding and export of the finished product.

Note! In addition to technological equipment on a livestock farm, it is advisable to install truck scales for weighing livestock and the finished product sent for sale.

Purchase of animals

With all the variety of breeds of productive animals on the modern market, you should choose those that will feel most comfortable in a particular climatic zone.

For a dairy farm, cows with a rounded body, sharp withers and a large udder are most preferred. Moreover, the younger the purchased animal, the longer its productive period and the more milk you can get from it.

When purchasing cattle for fattening, you need to pay attention to the breeds that reach the highest weight and are the most unpretentious in terms of keeping conditions.

Feeding

The organization of livestock feeding provides for the equipment of the farm with feeders and drinkers. They can be individual or group for several individuals.

The most primitive, but time-tested design of feeders and drinkers is a wooden chute installed along several stalls.

Service staff

The staff of the cattle farm consists of milkmaids (or machine milking operators), laborers who carry out feeding, cleaning and other necessary operations, a livestock specialist responsible for the health of the herd, an accountant and a sales manager.

Depending on the volume of production, the staff can be expanded or reduced by combining duties.

Investments and profit

The amount of capital required to organize a family farm depends on many factors, primarily on the size of the planned herd. But in any case, to start an activity, you must have an amount of at least 500 thousand rubles. The upper limit of investments is limited only by the desire and capabilities of the farmer.