Pig breeding as a business - what needs to be considered in order to achieve high profitability? Pigs in profit: we develop our business Profit from pig breeding at home.

And during the crisis, and when the country is prospering, people will buy meat. Roasts, pies, dumplings, bacon - all this is popular with us. Calves are also raised, but it is not always possible to sell so much meat at once at home. It is much more profitable to do business on pigs. In addition, this business, even at home, is profitable.

Pig farming is a very profitable business

Why is it profitable to raise pigs

Why is raising pigs profitable as a business? Rabbits, sheep, etc. are also kept at home, but it is pigs that will bring profit. Why?

1. They gain weight faster than calves or sheep. If you properly feed these animals, then at the age of six months they weigh 100 kg, and they can be sent for meat. If a newly born piglet weighs 1.5 kg, then by the age of a week its weight almost doubles.
2. Pigs breed quickly and are very prolific. One sow brings about 12-15 piglets, but this is not the limit. When compared with cows or sheep, the numbers differ several times.
3. They do not suffer from dangerous diseases.
4. It does not take much time to feed the offspring. One sow produces 20-30 babies per year. Piglets develop in a short time: the sow bears offspring for 3 months or a little longer, then feeds them for a month or two. Piglets already at this early age can live without a mother.
5. They don't require a lot of food. Piglets quickly gain weight and the amount of meat obtained from these animals is 4 times more than from cattle. And the pig eats about a third less than the rest, which are also bred for meat. The body of a pig can absorb the food received to the maximum, i.e. about a third of all those substances that she receives with food. Whereas the same chicken assimilates only a fifth of the feed.
6. High slaughter yield of meat. Keeping pigs for meat is also beneficial because they have little waste - about 15%, while cows have at least 40%.
7. The meat of these animals is in demand. In Russia and a number of other countries, pork is a favorite dish, so it will not be difficult to sell the goods.

As we can see, pig farming as a business is profitable. But this is only if you follow all the rules for keeping animals at home.

Piglets gain weight 4 times faster than calves

What do you need to raise pigs

Pig farming as a business will be profitable if the pigs are provided with all the necessary conditions at home. There is no upfront cost. Therefore, you should first draw up a business plan for breeding pigs. Then compare the cost of growing and the expected profit and, focusing on prices, weigh everything. What will you need to create your own pig farm at home?

Like any other business, pig farming requires capital investment.

piglets

It doesn’t matter if you want to build a farm or plan to raise pigs at home, before buying it is worth reading about the advantages or disadvantages of different breeds of pigs. All of them are divided into:

• bacon;
• sebaceous;
• lard-meat.

There are a lot of breeds of pigs, but the most common in Russia is the big white. This breed gives both meat and fat. A one-year-old wild boar gains weight of 350 kg a year, and a female - 250. If the diet is correctly calculated at home, then this is not the limit, animals can be even larger.

White large - one of the most popular breeds

It is better to buy piglets at 2 months old, strong, healthy. At this age, the weight of a piglet is 15-16 kg, but if its weight is not more than 6, then it is only a month old. What to look for when choosing a piglet:

• mobility;
• is the piglet breathing evenly;
• the bristles are shiny;
• patch, mouth and shells near the eyes are pink;
• eyes - mobile, all the time "run";
• Pigs grab food with their mouths instead of sucking it up.

room

Even if you breed pigs at home, raising these animals is impossible without a room where you will keep them. Pigs are unpretentious, but they need warmth and cleanliness. For them, it is necessary to build at least a barn.

A barn should not be built from reinforced concrete or concrete, because. it will be cold in winter.

The optimum temperature for keeping animals is 18-20 degrees, but it is desirable that it does not fall below 11 degrees.

The pigsty should be comfortable for its inhabitants

So that the animals do not damage the hooves, the floor is made not hard, from a thick board. It is made at an angle so that urine flows into a special chute against the wall. Then there will be no problems with cleaning the room. If sanitary conditions are not observed, animals will constantly get sick. We will have to install machines for pigs, drinkers and feeders. One pig has 3 square meters of area. It is desirable that a paddock be built in front of the barn.

Feeding

If you want to start a pig farming business, you can't skimp on feed. It is from a balanced diet that depends on whether the animals will gain weight. Also, the quality of the feed is reflected in the taste of the meat. There are three categories of feed that can be fed to a pig at home.

It is better to use food categories 1 and 2 or combine them.

1. Feed of the first category: grain (wheat, rye, barley), peas, beans, beets, carrots.
2. Food of the second category: clover, alfalfa and other grasses.
3. Feed of the third category: corn, potatoes, buckwheat, wheat bran, beet molasses, potato pulp, etc.

If it is necessary to increase the meat, the pig is fed with green fodder, and to increase the fat they give root crops, potatoes, barley and corn.

Corn promotes weight gain

Other expenses

If you want to make a profit from the pig business, you will have to buy the highest quality feed. But when putting together a business plan for raising pigs, remember that there will be other costs. So, animals will have to get the necessary vaccinations, and going to the veterinarian now also costs money, like the vaccines themselves.

It's one thing if you breed animals at home, for yourself and for selling meat to neighbors and friends. Then it's a normal homestead.

But if you keep 100-200 pigs, this is already a mini-farm that needs to be registered as an enterprise and pay taxes on it.

It is better to make an individual entrepreneur, which does not require a lot of effort and money, and then taxes are collected according to a simplified scheme. In addition, it is impossible to monitor such an economy alone, so you will have to hire people and pay them wages. Raising pigs at home will be a good way to earn money if you calculate everything and find partners who will supply feed or accept finished products. Even at home, raising piglets is profitable, because. fresh meat has always been in price, and buying it in the store is a significant part of the family budget.

Breeding pigs for commercial purposes is considered one of the most profitable farming activities. This is mainly due to the fact that pigs, when compared with other meat animals, gain weight faster. And if you properly organize the diet, then at the age of 6 months they will weigh 100 kg each, which is the benefit of their implementation. Moreover, pigs are unpretentious, resistant to dangerous diseases and multiply very quickly.

But for the venture to succeed, a good business plan for breeding pigs is needed.

Let's get acquainted with the main points, because of which the pig breeding business is considered extremely promising.

Table. Why you need to raise pigs for commercial purposes

Cause	a brief description of
	On average, a female leads about 13-15 piglets at a time, and in some cases even more. In this regard, pigs have significantly surpassed other domestic animals - cows, for example, or sheep.
	The second argument in favor of pig breeding. The fact is that the percentage of waste in pigs is only 15%, while in cows it is as much as 40%.
	Sows carry offspring for a little more than 3 months, plus a couple more months for feeding. The piglets can then be safely taken away from their mother. It turns out that during the year one female can bring from 20 to 30 piglets. Moreover, this figure can be increased if you pick them up after a month (under normal ripening conditions, of course).
	The weight of newborn piglets is 1.5 kg, but after a week it increases to 2.5 kg. And if you make the diet correctly, then, as noted earlier, in six months one pig will weigh about 100 kg. After simple calculations, it can be seen that one sow is able to give 3,000 kg during the year, which is almost four times more than in different breeds of cattle. At the same time, do not forget that pigs eat more (about 30%).

Now let's find out what should be taken care of at the initial stages of work.

Business plan development

When preparing a business plan, follow the sample instructions below.

Step 1. In the first document, indicate all your savings, as well as possible sources of profit. Indicate only real finances - optimistic hopes do not belong here.

Step 2 In another document, list all legal requirements and acts related to this area of ​​​​business. On this occasion, you will have to talk with local officials, but there should be no problems with this, because today the government is aimed at the active development of farms and agriculture in general.

Step 3 Separately indicate all the stages of paperwork, preferably with the addresses of organizations and lists of required papers. There are many options here - for example, if you plan to rent a plot of land or a pig farm that is empty for one reason or another, then contact the district administration.

Step 4 If the business starts with a bank loan, then develop a separate project and bring it to the lending department. This document is recommended to be compiled with the help of an experienced economist - so the calculations in it will meet all the requirements of the lender.

Step 5. In another document, enter information about everything that needs to be bought (equipment, young animals, etc., which we will talk about a little later). Here you need to inquire in advance not only about prices in your region, but also about reliable suppliers.

Having compiled all these papers, you will get an idea of ​​\u200b\u200bwhat to expect in the future. If the desire to engage in this business remains, then proceed to practical actions.

Documentation

You should start with the fact that pigs cannot be raised within the city, so the land that you rent or buy should be in the category of personal subsidiary plots (by the way, renting 20 acres of land will cost about 25,000 rubles). If a new pig farm is to be built on the site, then obtain permission from the relevant authorities to carry out construction work, and also order a project.

When the facility is put into operation, it will be necessary to draw up personal accounts for all types of communications, moreover, an inspection will be carried out before the first start-up of the equipment. Finally, the animals themselves must be periodically examined by a veterinarian, so it makes sense to hire a specialist and save yourself unnecessary problems.

If we talk about taxation, then you, as the owner of a pig farm, are required to register with the tax service as an individual entrepreneur. Subsequently, it will be necessary to timely submit reports (both quarterly and annual) relating to the activities of the entity. As a rule, a separate accountant is not hired for this, but the help of an expert is used on a periodic basis.

Note! An individual entrepreneur submits all documentation in a simplified form, and a reduced tax will be levied on him (only 6%).

Basic requirements for a pig rearing facility

One of the main advantages of these animals is unpretentiousness to growing conditions. However, this does not mean that you can use absolutely any room, because the pigsty must meet certain requirements.

Note! If you are building a pigsty from scratch, then make sure that there are gaps in the floor into which sewage will drain. This is associated with certain costs, however, as a result, the coating will be thermally insulated, and the accumulation of waste can be avoided.

How to calculate area?

Here, first you need to decide how many pigs will be raised. So, for a small pig farm designed for 50 heads, about 300 m² will be required.

The following data will help with the calculations:

• for one fattening head, 3-4 m² is required;
• for one sow you will need a cage of 5 m².

You should also take care of a place for keeping young animals, and the room should have not only places for walking, but also passages, as well as utility rooms.

Communications and equipment

In addition to the premises itself (it can be rented or built from scratch, but the first option will be much cheaper), you need to take care of all the necessary equipment. Raising pigs for sale is far from the same as home breeding, because the quality and taste of the products are very important here. That is why it is necessary to use specialized equipment that will not only improve the living conditions of pigs, but also reduce labor costs.

To equip a pig farm, you will need:

• food serving equipment;

  

• water supply;

  

  

• ventilation system;

  

  

• heating;

  

• lighting.

  

The cost of all this will be approximately 500,000 rubles. In addition, every month you will pay about 20,000 for electricity and water.

Staff costs

Staff is another important point that you should take care of in advance. Consider what specialists should be found.

Table. Pig farm staff

Speciality	Brief description, average salary
	When breeding pigs, you need to take care, first of all, of their health. If the animals are healthy, then the meat will also cost more, while many diseases can lead to large losses (products will be inedible, an epidemic will begin, etc.). In this regard, when developing a business plan, do not forget about such an important specialist as a veterinarian. The average salary of a veterinarian for 2016 is about 25,000.
	It is necessary to maintain the equipment on the farm in working order. At the time of writing, the average salary of a livestock specialist in the country is 17,000 per month.
	For 120 heads, 4 pig breeders will be enough. The latter receive an average of 30,000 rubles a month. But you can save money here - hire one experienced specialist, pay him such a salary, and hire 3 helpers with no work experience (15,000 each) to help him.
	They play an important role in agriculture and perform several functions at once (cleaning, filling pens, loading food, etc.). In our case, two such laborers are enough, whose average salary is from 10,000 to 27,000 (it all depends on the region, workload, working conditions).

For a medium-sized pig farm (approximately 800 m²), 128 pigs will be needed, assuming that each animal has 6.25 m² of free area. The cost of a piglet at the age of 2 months is about 2,500 rubles, therefore, a total of 320,000 will be spent on the purchase.

Note! It is better to purchase them from several sellers - this will prevent mixing of genes. If you buy all the piglets from the same seller, then you risk getting sick and weak offspring.

If we talk about nutrition, then in order to obtain a fleshy and strong livestock, one pig requires about 100 kg of combined feed, as well as 180 kg of grain per year. In our case (that is, for 128 heads), 1.07 tons of combined feed and 1.92 tons of grain are needed every month, which will cost 11,000 and 14,500 rubles.

Features of the choice of breed

Today there are many breeds of commercial interest. All of them differ from each other both in individual characteristics and in productivity.

More specifically, pigs can be:

In the post-Soviet space, meat / bacon types are more popular, in particular:

• bacon Estonian;
• Duroc;
• landrace;
• Hampshire.

Universal breeds are also quite common - Ukrainian steppe (may be white and pockmarked), large white, Murom. It is worth noting that in Russia, almost 80% of the total pig population is white large pigs.

The piglets themselves, as noted earlier, must be bought at the age of 2 months. It is by this age that they should already weigh at least 15 kg, which you should definitely pay attention to before buying. The weight should not be less, moreover, the animals themselves should be mobile, with even breathing, a ring-shaped host and a healthy sheen. Also pay attention to the eye shells, the inner surface of the oral cavity and the patch - all this should have an even pink color. If the piglets do not meet these requirements, then it is better to refuse the purchase.

We make calculations, determine profit

With proper feeding, six months after purchase, one pig will weigh about 100 kg. Part of the livestock must be left for breeding (out of 128 heads - only 4), therefore, you will sell 124 heads (about 12.5 tons of meat). The average cost of 1 kg of meat is now from 250 rubles, which means that the total income will be at least 3.1 million.

Now let's sum up the summary of those investments that were calculated earlier; the following is obtained:

• 120,000 for rent;
• 25,500 for the purchase of feed for the first month;
• 500,000 for the purchase of equipment;
• 320 00 for the purchase of piglets.

In total - 965,500 rubles.

You also need to take into account the monthly costs of the farm:

• 120,000 for rent;
• 25,500 for the purchase of feed;
• 20,000 for utility bills;
• from 130,000 for the salary of all employees.

It turns out another 295,500 rubles. To get the desired profit for six months, you will have to spend about 1.773 million rubles during this time. And if you subtract this figure from the estimated income, then the amount of net profit will be 1.327 million rubles.

As a result, we note that in order to obtain really high-quality meat, special attention should be paid to caring for pigs. In such cases, you should not save and look for the cheapest means and methods, because the more money you invest in raising pigs, the more profit you will get.

Video - Farmer's experience in breeding pigs

Perhaps the most common and productive livestock activity is the breeding of pigs. Raising pigs for meat is quite profitable and not very difficult. In today's conditions, the government of the Russian Federation attaches great importance to the development of agricultural activities within the country. And this means that having started raising pigs at home as a business, you can, among other things, count on support from the state.

Pig breeds

To date, there are a huge number of breeds of pigs, but they are all divided into three areas, depending on the final product of production:

• meat or bacon;
• meat-fat;
• sebaceous.

Before starting the organization of the farm, you need to choose the direction in which you will be engaged and, depending on this, select breeds. It is possible to choose several directions or one. If you decide to engage in one direction, then probably the best choice would be meat-fat breeds, which include the following breeds - Yorkshire, Ukrainian steppe, Siberian northern, Livenskaya.

Documentation

The decision to engage in breeding and selling pigs implies, in order to comply with the legality of the business, it implies the execution of a certain package of documents.

The most successful form of ownership in this case will be the registration of individual entrepreneurship (IP). But this should be done only if the livestock that you will keep will be more than 100 heads. Otherwise, it’s easier for you to take shape as a regular household plot and sell surplus products.

If you still decide to issue an IP, then you should indicate the following code for the all-Russian classification of types of economic activity - 01.46.11 - raising pigs for meat. If, in addition to meat, you are going to breed breeding pigs, then you should also enter the second code - 01.46.12 - breeding pig breeding stock.

Despite the fact that people associate pigs with dirt, they are pretty clean animals. And therefore, like any other animal, they must be kept clean and relatively warm.

Dampness and drafts in the pig room are unacceptable. Comfortable temperature for them should not fall below 12 degrees Celsius. And if the room contains young animals, then not lower than 16 degrees.

How to start breeding pigs as a business and how to succeed? Of course, with the arrangement of a good pigsty! The best room would be a building with a brick wall thickness of at least 50 centimeters, a floor made of boards or concrete. It is important that there are no gaps in the floor to avoid injury to animals. The floor is insulated with a mound of sawdust and clean sand, with a layer of at least 20 centimeters.

It is very important that the room can be cleaned regularly, so often plumbing and sewerage is carried out in the pigsty. If the animals are kept indoors all year round, then a heating system is necessary. Feeders and drinkers must be installed.

If you plan to keep at least a hundred heads, then you should think about automating feeding and water. Or hire enough staff.