* Calculations use average data for Russia

500 000 ₽

Minimum starting capital

60%

Profitability

From 6 months

Payback

640 ₽

The cost of nutria skins (for 1 unit)

One of the most accessible types of small business in the field of agriculture is a family farm where you can breed nutrias, minks, muskrats, arctic foxes, raccoon dogs, etc. The cultivation of nutria is considered the most optimal and affordable for a novice livestock breeder.

Nutria are animals that do not require complex care and are not picky in feeding (they eat hay, grain, vegetables, apples, reeds and food waste). They are unpretentious, versatile, give valuable dietary meat, which is not inferior in quality to rabbit, and demanded skins are quite prolific, resistant to various diseases. A large adult male nutria can reach a length of 60-70 cm and a weight of 12-15 kg. Females weigh, as a rule, 20% less than males. Nutria looks like a beaver both externally and in habits (it is even called a swamp beaver). She lives both in water and on land, loves to dive, has powerful incisors that are constantly growing and need to be grinded down.

Breeding nutria at home is a relatively new area of ​​activity for domestic livestock breeders. However, it is becoming more and more popular, primarily due to the high profitability of this type of business. It is noteworthy that the state offers special, favorable conditions for nutria breeders, encouraging the breeding of these animals. Among the ways of state support for this segment of the market are the increase in purchase prices for skins, the exemption of farms that breed nutria from paying taxes on the sale of skins (but only on condition that they are sold to procurement organizations) and meat on the market.

The main difficulty with the content of nutria- this is the need to equip a special pool. Of course, some livestock breeders do without it, but experts still advise not to save on this item of expenditure, since the lack of access to bathing water negatively affects both the quality of the nutria skin and its health.

Temperature regime. Although, in general, nutria are unpretentious in terms of maintenance and care, they do not tolerate cold. At low temperatures, animals can freeze their paws or tails. Therefore, for their maintenance on small farms, heated rooms with an air temperature of at least 8C ° are used. A separate place is equipped for keeping queens, where the temperature should be maintained at 16-20 ° C. In general, the optimum temperature for nutria is 15-20°C. But even in summer, when the thermometer rises to 40 ° C, if there is a shady place and enough water, these animals feel quite comfortable. However, at a higher temperature (which is not uncommon for the southern regions of Russia), the animals can get a heat stroke, which often ends in their death.

Nutria dwellings. To save space, the houses are placed, as a rule, in two tiers, and the farm is made in two or even three floors. Before creating a farm, special attention should be paid to the preliminary layout of your farm, taking into account the convenience of supplying feed, water, cleaning rooms and houses. For the maintenance of nutria, special dwellings are used, consisting of two parts - a walking and fodder area with a pool and a cage house. The width of the house for pregnant and lactating queens is 60 cm, the height is 80 cm, and the length is 120 cm. When designing a walking and fodder area, each animal should have 20-25 square meters. cm.

The houses, as a rule, are made deaf with hinged doors and manholes 25 by 25 cm in size communicating with the platform. Since nutria are rodents, the wooden walls of the houses are upholstered with a metal mesh on the inside so that the animals do not gnaw them. Walls are not recommended to be made too high. Although nutria like to climb walls, they are not very dexterous. Falling from a higher height may result in injury. If the cages-houses are supposed to be made single-tier, but the upper part is closed with a net, otherwise the animals can get out of them.

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Floor and pool. The floor of the walking area is concreted at a slight slope and equipped with a drinking pool. This is a very simple design, which is a gutter in concrete or a metal pipe with a diameter of 40 cm or more cut into the floor. However, you can get by with an ordinary flat bath or a simple trough. If the pool is installed in the uterus cage, then a small inclined descent is equipped for the young. After swimming, the skin of the babies gets wet, becomes heavy, which is why the puppies often cannot get out of the water and drown.

Cleaning. Nutria are clean animals and do not have a sharp unpleasant odor, like arctic foxes or ferrets. At the same time, their place of detention requires regular maintenance. The pool water is recommended to be changed daily. It is also often necessary to clean the cages daily, change the drinking water and remove the remnants of uneaten food so that they do not deteriorate. In winter, ice or snow is placed in the drinkers.

Note: Nutrias are very shy animals and cannot stand noise. With frequent sharp loud sounds, the risk of abortion in pregnant females increases, the animals lose their appetite, and become aggressive. It is important to take this into account even at the stages of choosing a site for a farm: if some kind of manufacturing enterprise, warehouses, construction is underway, etc., it is better to choose another place next to it.

Handling nutria. In general, nutria are friendly, but individual animals may be aggressive towards their relatives and / or humans. Such animals must be kept separate from others and handled with care. When transplanting, they are taken by the tail, capturing the hind legs as well, to avoid scratches and bites. Non-aggressive nutrias are carried by holding the middle of the tail with one hand, and between the front paws under the chest with the other. Pregnant females should be especially carefully handled - they cannot be kept upright for a long time and they cannot be sharply grabbed by the tail. Avoid touching the back of the animal, but he is unlikely to refuse stroking his stomach.

Proper feeding and care of nutria

In the countries of South America, where the nutria comes from, these animals inhabit lakes and rivers with a slow flow of water. On gently sloping shores, they build nests and dig holes with a nesting chamber. The nutria feeds in its natural habitat mainly on the succulent parts of the stems, leaves and rhizomes of aquatic and coastal plants (reed, cattail, reed, water lily, arrowhead, etc.). It also eats leeches, toothless and does not disdain fish.

The Best Way to Save Money Starting a Nutria Breeding Business- choose a site for its construction near a reservoir with a large amount of vegetation. For a day, a nutria weighing 4-5 kg ​​(the average weight of a young female) eats up to 2 kg of natural feed. If there is a pond or lake near the farm, you will provide a sufficient forage base during the period from spring to autumn.

Summer diet. The diet of nutria in the summer includes 250-350 grams of herbaceous plants (peas, clover, alfalfa), 120-170 grams of concentrates (containing cereals - barley, rye), 5-10 grams of cake, a little salt and fish meal.

Winter diet. In winter, fresh grass is replaced by hay. Also, animals should be regularly given vegetables: carrots, cabbage, potatoes (potatoes are given raw or pre-steamed or boiled). Nutria also love beets, but these root vegetables should be given in limited quantities to females during the gestation period, otherwise they can provoke premature birth. Root crops (beets, carrots) must first be washed and cleaned of dirt and rot.

In addition, nutrias love reeds, beet tops and carrots, gnaw branches of oak, poplar, willow and birch with pleasure (in spring it is better to give branches with young shoots), grapevine, weeds, corn (it is harvested at the stage of flowering and throwing spikelets ). Herbal food is recommended to pre-wet. The predominance of dry food in the diet of female nutria leads to the birth of weak offspring or even miscarriage. One of the most useful foods for nutria is algae, which can be given daily in a ratio of 10-20% of the total feed.

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Nutria are very picky animals. If possible, they first eat concentrated grain feeds, then juicy ones, then fruits and vegetables, and trample grass and hay. Therefore, it is best to knead the feed in one mass. Concentrates or compound feed are first boiled or steamed with boiling water. They are given to adult animals as a whole, and to young animals - in a crushed form.

Do not give nutria branches of hornbeam, ash, bird cherry and linden. Make sure that poisonous plants do not get into the feed mass - hemlock, celandine, foxglove, hellebore.

Feeders. Nutria are well domesticated, they even respond to the call of the owner and take food from their hands. There are no special requirements for the equipment of nutria feeders. The main thing is that they are securely fixed. Keep in mind that nutria are quite strong animals and can drag or overturn feeders and drinkers. Most farmers use feeders in the form of narrow troughs that are fixed to the wall with latches. The animal will not overturn such a feeder and will not budge, but at the same time it can be quickly removed for washing.

feeding mode. Nutria are fed twice a day, preferably at the same time. Moreover, when feeding with mixed feed in the morning, they give 40-50% of the total volume, and the remaining 50-60% in the evening. This is due to the fact that in its natural habitat, the swamp beaver is mainly nocturnal. When kept in captivity, it can be active during the day, but still it is most mobile in the evening and at night, including in terms of nutrition. With separate feeding in the morning, all nutrias, except for pregnant and lactating females, are given a daily norm of concentrates (pregnant and lactating 75% of the norm in the morning, and the rest in the evening). Fruit and root crops are given at lunchtime, grass in the afternoon, and hay in the evening.

Features of breeding nutria

When and how to mate. Sexual maturity in males and females occurs already at 4-5 months of age. However, in order to obtain healthy offspring, it is recommended not to rush and wait with mating until 7-8 months, when the animals gain 4-5 kg. Hunting in females occurs every 24-30 days and lasts for 30-40 hours, so it is so important to carefully monitor your animals.

As a rule, the group method of mating is used, when 10-15 young and completed lactation females are placed in the corral to the male. After 45-50 days, females are checked for pregnancy. To do this, it is gently taken by the tail with one hand, and the stomach is carefully probed with the other. During pregnancy, several spherical embryos with a diameter of about two centimeters should be detected.

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Care of pregnant females. Pregnant females must be placed in separate houses to avoid repeated mating, fraught with abortion, or aggression towards other animals. As mentioned above, for the birth of full-fledged and healthy offspring, it is recommended to equip pools for pregnant females. In the autumn-winter period, fish oil is introduced into their diet. It is recommended to exclude any possibility of fright for the pregnant female (unexpected appearance of a person in front of the cage, the presence of other types of animals - for example, dogs, loud sharp sounds, etc.).

The course of pregnancy. Pregnancy in nutria lasts 127-135 days, while the young are born fully developed: newborn nutria can already see, walk, swim, have teeth and hair. Childbirth takes place, as a rule, at night. 2-3 days before their onset, the female loses her appetite. Childbirth lasts from 20 minutes to 12 hours. This process does not require, as a rule, any human intervention (except, perhaps, changing the litter after the completion of childbirth).

Moreover, it is not recommended to disturb the giving birth female, as she becomes aggressive and may attack. If during the day after giving birth the behavior of the female changes - she becomes restless, does not feed the puppies, but runs around the cage, then experts recommend placing her with the male for several hours, and then returning her back to the babies.

Youth care. Sometimes healthy young animals can gnaw on weak cubs. This happens either when there is a lack of protein feed, vitamins and minerals in the diet of animals, or when fertility is too high. One queen can bring from 1-3 to 8-10 puppies. This "unevenness" needs to be corrected: each female should fatten approximately the same number of babies - an average of about five. To do this, a female with a small number of offspring is removed from the house for a walk for 5-10 minutes, adding 2-3 more puppies from a larger family at this time. It is best to do this on the very first day - until the kids have acquired the smell of someone else's "nest".

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Contain females with puppies in warm and clean houses. In the first two or three days, hypothermia is a great danger for babies. Examine babies in the first week after birth. Healthy animals, as a rule, actively move and eat well (from 2-3 days they already eat ordinary food), in summer they swim in the pool. If the cubs are lethargic, spend most of their time in one place, their fur falls off, the reason may be the lack of milk in the female.

To test this assumption, the female is caught, carefully turned over on her back, holding her paws, and the milk is gently squeezed out of the nipples. If there is really little milk, you need to improve the diet of puppies through additional feed. In addition, other factors can influence the well-being and development of nutria - for example, too low or high temperature in the house, lack of water, etc.

A newborn nutria weighs about 200 grams, and after two months its weight reaches one kilogram. At this age, puppies are weaned from their mother, sorted and sent either for fattening or for rearing young replacements. Nutria grow up to 1.5-2 years, they live for 6-7 years, and the active breeding period is 3-4 years.

With good care and proper nutrition, the growth of nutria slows down after 7-8 months. Keeping them longer becomes unprofitable. At this age, males weigh about 5-6 kg (2-3 kg of pure meat), and their skin is already of fairly good quality. Primary hairline changes to permanent at 4 months. Nutria molt throughout the year. The skins obtained from November to March are considered the best in quality.

For breeding, it is recommended to let only the strongest and most active males who are not related to breeding females. The most prolific females who have raised the most puppies in the first lactation are left as queens. When selecting, you must also take into account the color of the hairline of animals.

Prevention of diseases among nutria

Nutria are fairly resistant to many common diseases (compared to at least other fur-bearing animals). Of course, the individual characteristics of each individual animal are also of great importance. When buying, pay attention to the color of the nutria incisors. In healthy adult animals, they are bright orange; in young and old nutria, they are somewhat lighter. Very pale (light orange and yellowish) incisors with dark spots are a warning sign. It is better to refuse the acquisition of such animals.

Disinfection of cages and aviaries. Any disease is easier to prevent than to treat, and the best prevention of disease in nutrias is to keep their cages and aviaries clean, which must be cleaned every day. In spring and autumn, veterinarians advise treating the farm and equipment with a 5% solution of lysoline or creolin or a 2% formalin solution. Mats moistened with disinfectant solutions are placed at the entrance to the premises. Rats or mice should not be allowed on the farm. Garbage and manure pits are covered with bleach, and food is stored indoors. Of course, you need to clean the enclosures before introducing new animals and observe a 30-day quarantine (that is, keep new animals isolated from other animals during this period). If any suspicious symptoms appear, you should call a veterinarian and follow his recommendations.

The most common diseases of nutria:

Catarrh of the intestines and swelling. When poor-quality feed gets into the feed mixtures, especially during the transfer from winter to summer feeding, nutrias have intestinal catarrhs ​​and swelling.

Frostbite. Nutria are prone to frostbite, in order to avoid which it is necessary to maintain the recommended temperature in the pens.

Digestive diseases. In addition, these animals have diseases of the digestive system caused by malnutrition, lack of salt, chalk, succulent and vitamin feed in the diet.

Food poisoning. When eating poisonous plants, dahlia tubers, sprouted potatoes, nutria can have food poisoning that leads to illness or even death of animals, as well as abortions in queens.

Injuries. In case of injuries, bruises and fractures, the wounds should be lubricated with tincture of iodine, sprinkled with an antiseptic with a bandage applied.

Infectious diseases. Of the contagious diseases for nutria, the most dangerous are tuberculosis, coccidiosis, paratyphoid, fascioliasis (helminthic disease), tularemia, etc. If you suspect such diseases, you should immediately call a doctor.

Respiratory diseases. To prevent respiratory diseases (pneumonia), which occur as a complication of a cold, it is necessary to install insulated cage houses and use dense bedding.

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Agriculture is reviving in Russia, especially in warm areas with a favorable climate. Nutria breeding is a profitable industry, because it does not require large financial investments, but at the same time it provides a decent income. The sphere is young, but rapidly developing and promising.

The nutria is a type of rat. The beast is herbivorous, waterfowl, has tasty dietary meat, beautiful, warm fur. Many shades and its high quality greatly simplify the sale of skins. Meat is in demand in the market because of its great taste and beneficial effect on the gastrointestinal tract.

• animals are unpretentious in food and conditions of detention, they can be bred even in small sheds or pens;
• no need to spend money on expensive feed, you can give herbs, grains, vegetables;
• rodent immunity is resistant to most diseases;
• nutria grow rapidly and actively multiply, in a short time the number of herds increases significantly;
• valuable skins are similar to or foxes, so fur coat manufacturers buy it;
• the meat is tasty and lean, is actively used in dietary nutrition.

Conditions for keeping nutria

Animals need a warm room with mandatory walking. A shed with a yard will do.

The house in which the rodents will live is made in the form of a box or cage. You can put an aviary, partitions are made of wood, sheet metal or slate. Inside lay a layer of sawdust or hay. The size of the house is at least 1.5 x 1.5 m. All wooden parts of the building must be covered with fine mesh or iron, otherwise they will be gnawed.

A space surrounded by a fence at least 1 m high is concreted for walking. A small basin with water is placed here or it is supplied through a chute so that the animals can keep the skins clean and wash the food.

Harvested hay, vegetables, grain are stored in a separate cold room. Separately place a quarantine zone, which is important with regular updating of the herd and change of males. This will prevent infection and mass mortality.

What do nutrias eat

The main diet consists of herbs, plants, crops. Preference is given to those growing near water bodies: reeds, plantain, horse sorrel, wood lice, reed. Animals eat stems, leaves and roots.

Leftovers from the table go well - bread crusts, cleanings, cereals. Nutria willingly eat vegetables and fruits, they love root crops: beets, potatoes (boiled), carrots. You can even organize a small garden for fodder varieties.

Feeders are arranged in the form of narrow gutters and small troughs, which are mounted on the wall of the cage or aviary. Fixation is needed so that the animals cannot turn them over and scatter food on the floor. They pick it up very reluctantly. During the day, an adult eats about 1.5 kg of fresh feed. Additionally, grain mixtures can be introduced.

Profitability of the nutria farming business

Let's do some simple calculations.

A pair of individuals of the opposite sex costs about 3,200 rubles. She will breed every 2 months, giving 10-15 cubs. Young animals are slaughtered at the age of six months. Ready-made carcasses weigh an average of 1.5 kg, up to 800 rubles are gained from their sale. Skins can be sold at prices ranging from 460 to 640 rubles apiece, depending on the rarity of the shade.

The business pays off in six months. From one pair of animals receive the following income:

• meat: 15 carcasses of 1.5 kg each = 22.5 kg x 495 rubles. = 11200 rubles;
• skins: 15 carcasses * 640 rubles. = 9600 rubles.

TOTAL: 20800 - 3200 = 17600 rubles.

To increase the profitability of the business, they master the technology of dressing. Processed skins are sold at a higher price. They conclude contracts with fur buyers, craftsmen.

You can engage in breeding as part of a personal subsidiary plot and sell products to companies under procurement acts. Or open a business and pay contributions to the budget. Both options have advantages and disadvantages that should be considered in each specific situation.

Before you start

Determine a number of nuances:

• the degree of one's own natural disgust. Still, these are rats, so their appearance is not as pleasant as that of or;
• maintenance requires a lot of work. Animals are very clean, so cooking and cleaning the premises takes a lot of time;
• slaughter will require the application of considerable physical force. The rodent is carried by the tail, as it can bite.

Breeding nutria is not only exciting, but also profitable. With properly organized maintenance, inexpensive feeding and well-established sales, animals will regularly bring a decent income to the owner.

• How to buy nutria for divorce
• Cost of nutria skin

Nutria breeding is a promising type of business due to the undemanding nature of this type of animal to the conditions of its maintenance and breeding, as well as the low cost of feed, most of which is widespread plant food. But this business has some features that you need to consider.budding farmer.Let us analyze in detail all the nuances of breeding nutria.

Nutria are considered very unpretentious animals in terms of keeping and breeding, but in winter they cannot tolerate low temperatures. In the cold season, nutria often freeze their limbs - tails and paws, which leads them to serious illnesses. In this regard, they should be kept in well-heated rooms, where the air temperature is maintained above 8 degrees.. The room where the uterus is kept should be much warmer - 18 - 20 degrees.

The most comfortable temperature for keeping nutria is 15 - 20 degrees. In summer, when the air temperature is about 40 degrees,nutrias are comfortable enough if the room is shaded and there is enough water in it. At higher air temperatures, which can be observed in the southern regions of our country, nutria are at risk of heat stroke, which are fatal for them.

To optimize the construction of a farm for breeding nutria, houses are built in several tiers, which does not in the least interfere with the comfortable living of these animals. When developing a preliminary layout of the farm, pay special attention to the convenience of feeding animals and cleaning their houses.

Nutria live in specially designed rooms, which consist of two halves:

• playgrounds for walking and feeding, equipped with a special pool;
• cell house.

Houses for pregnant queens should be of the following dimensions: width - 600 mm, height - 800 mm, and length - 1200 mm. A group of young animals consists of 10 - 15 nutria, the dimensions of the houses are exactly the same as indicated above. The size of the area for walking and feeding should be 20 - 25 cm 2 for one animal. Coypu houses should be deaf and communicated with manholes, the dimensions of which are approximately 250 x 250 mm, the doors should recline.

Houses with wooden walls should be upholstered from the inside with metal nets, since nutria are rodents. The walls in the rooms should not be very large. Nutria can sometimes climb high on the walls, which threatens them with falling and injury. If the cage houses are made in one tier, then they should be covered with nets from above so that the animals cannot escape.

The floors on the walking and feeding area must be concreted, equipped with a drinking bowl and a pool, to which a slight slope must be created. The drinker is a simple structure consisting of a concrete chute or a metal pipe with a diameter of more than 400 mm, which is cut lengthwise and built into the floor.

In the absence of a pipe, you can use a simple trough or a flat bath. When installing the pool in the uterine cage, it is necessary to provide for a slight slope for the young. It is necessary because when bathing the cubs, their skins get wet and heavy, which is why they hardly get out of the water and often drown.

Nutria are considered very clean animals: they do not have a sharp unpleasant smell, like, for example, ferrets or arctic foxes. But this circumstance does not exclude the systematic care of the place from the content. Water in pools and drinking bowls should be changed daily. Cages also need to be cleaned every day, and uneaten food should be removed in a timely manner. In winter, you can put snow or ice in the drinkers.

Keep in mind that nutria are very shy animals, and can not tolerate even a very loud noise. If frequent and sharp loud sounds are allowed when cleaning cages and feeding animals, then nutrias can lose their appetite, become aggressive, and miscarriages are possible in pregnant females.

This circumstance must also be taken into account when choosing a land plot for building a farm: manufacturing enterprises, railways, busy highways and other sources of increased noise should not be located in the immediate vicinity.

Nutria are considered friendly animals, but sometimes individual individuals may be aggressive towards people or their relatives. Such specimens require separate maintenance and careful handling. During transplantation, they must be taken by the tail, grabbing the hind legs, which will not make it possible to bite or scratch a person. Nutria, which do not show aggressiveness, can be carried by holding the middle of the tail in one hand, and the front paws in the chest area in the other hand.

Pregnant females require especially careful handling - they cannot be kept upright for a long time, and it is also strictly forbidden to pull the tail sharply. Animals should not be stroked on the back, but stroking the abdomen will be a pleasant procedure for them.

Read also aboutbreeding guinea fowl And turkeys.

Nutria come from South America, where they live in lakes and slowly flowing rivers. Their nests and burrows with nesting chambers are located on gently sloping banks. Animals prefer to eat the succulent parts of the stems, leaves and rhizomes of aquatic and coastal vegetation, which consists of reeds, cattails, reeds, water lilies and arrowheads. Coypu can also eat small fish, toothless and leeches.

When organizing the design and construction of farms for breeding nutria, the best option would be to locate them near water bodies that contain a large amount of aquatic vegetation. An average young female nutria, weighing 4-5 kg, can eat 2 kg of natural food per day. A pond or lake located in the immediate vicinity of a nutria breeding farm will be able to fully provide it with natural feed in the warm season.

The diet of nutria in the summer period consists of 0.25 - 0.35 kg of herbal food (peas, alfalfa, clover), 0.12 - 0.17 kg of concentrates containing cereals (mainly rye and barley), 0.005 - 0.010 kg of fish meal, salt and cake.

In winter, fresh grass is replaced by hay. Animals should also be regularly fed with vegetables: carrots, potatoes, cabbage, which are pre-steamed and boiled, but they can also be given raw. Nutria willingly eat beets, but it is better for females to limit it during pregnancy in order to avoid premature birth. Before feeding, all vegetables should be washed well and cleaned of rot and dirt.

In addition, nutrias like to feast on reeds, beet and carrot tops and branches of various deciduous trees, especially oak, poplar, willow and birch (in the spring they can be given along with shoots). In addition, nutria can be fed with vines, corn and weeds. Corn for nutria must be harvested during the flowering period. Nutria cannot be fed with branches of trees such as hornbeam, ash, bird cherry and linden.

Grassy food must be soaked before being given to animals. If dry food predominates in the diet of females, then this can lead to miscarriage of cubs and the birth of non-viable offspring.

Make sure that poisonous herbs such as hemlock, celandine, foxglove and hellebore do not appear in the feed mass. The most useful food for these animals can be considered algae, which should be present daily in their diet in a volume of at least 10 - 20%.

Nutria are very picky and fastidious animals in food. If they have a choice, then first of all they eat grain concentrates, then juicy herbs, then vegetables and fruits, while hay and grass are simply trampled down. In this regard, the feed must be thoroughly mixed. Compound feeds and concentrates should first be boiled and then steamed with boiling water. Adult nutria can eat whole food, but for young animals they should be carefully chopped.

Nutria very quickly become attached to people, run to the master's call and eat from their hands. There are no requirements for the equipment of feeders, except for reliable fixation, since nutria are strong enough and can easily turn over drinkers and feeders.

Very often, feeders are made in the form of narrow troughs, which are securely attached to the walls with the help of special clamps. Animals are not able to overturn such feeders, at the same time they can be easily removed and washed.

Nutrias need to provide two meals a day at the same time of day. In the morning, give 40-50% of the serving size, and in the evening - the remaining 50-60%. In the wild, nutria lead an active lifestyle mainly at night. When living in captivity, they can be mobile during the day, but in the evening and at night they also show a maximum degree of activity.

In the case of separate feeding for all animals, with the exception of lactating and pregnant females, the daily norm of concentrates is issued in the morning. Root crops and fruits are given out for lunch, grass in the afternoon, and hay in the evening. Lactating and pregnant females are given 75% of the daily allowance in the morning, and the rest in the evening.

How to buy nutria for divorce

For breeding and reproduction purposes, it is worth buying only active and strong males. There should be no relationship between males and breeding females. Queens should be breeding females that have raised the most cubs in the first lactation. When selecting producers, it is necessary to take into account the color of the animal's coat.

Male nutrias reach sexual maturity at the age of 4 - 5 months. In order to give birth to healthy and full-fledged offspring, mating is recommended at the age of 7-8 months with an animal weighing 4-5 kg. In females, hunting is observed after 24 - 30 days for 30 - 40 hours, and therefore it is necessary to carefully monitor the behavior of animals. Usually mating is carried out in a group method, when 10 - 15 young females who have completed lactation are placed in the pen for males.

After 40 - 50 days, you need to check if the females have become pregnant. She is carefully held by the tail with one hand, and with the help of the other hand, her stomach is gently probed. In the event of pregnancy, you should find small spherical embryos.

When pregnancy is detected in females, they are placed in a separate room in order to avoid the repetition of cases that are fraught with miscarriages. To obtain healthy and full-fledged cubs, houses for females must be equipped with pools. In autumn and winter, fish oil is introduced into the diet of pregnant females. Pregnant females need to be protected from any situations in which fright is possible (sharp and loud sounds, the unexpected appearance of people and dogs in front of the cages).

The gestation period for these animals is 127 - 135 days, while the cubs are born full-fledged: they can walk, swim and see, they already have hair and teeth. Nutria are born at night, childbirth lasts for 0.5 - 12 hours. The birth itself does not require human intervention, with the exception of changing the bedding.

Females do not need to be disturbed during childbirth to avoid aggression. After giving birth, the female leads the seed restlessly, does not feed the cubs and rushes around the cage. To restore normal behavior, it must be planted for several hours with the male, and then back to the cubs.

Healthy and strong cubs can kill the weak due to a lack of proteins, minerals and vitamins, as well as in the event of a large number of newborns. One female can have from 3 to 10 cubs. On average, one female must feed 5 cubs, so it is better to transfer them from a large family to a small one on the first day after birth.

For nutria cubs, hypothermia is a great danger; they should be kept in clean and warm houses. They should be examined within the first week after birth. Healthy cubs eat well, actively move and swim. The reason for their lethargy may be an insufficient amount of milk in females. In this case, the cubs should be provided with additional feed. Their well-being can be affected by lack of water, as well as low or high air temperature.

The weight of a newborn nutria is approximately 0.2 kg, and after two months it is equal to one kilogram. In this case, the cubs must be separated from the mother and sent either for fattening or for the development of replacement young. The growth period of nutria is 2 years, the breeding period is up to 4 years, and the life period is up to 7 years. In the case of good care and good nutrition, after 7-8 months their growth slows down, and it is no longer profitable to keep them. The weight of males reaches 5 - 6 kg, of which 2 - 3 kg is pure meat, and the skin is already of very high quality. The best period for the quality of skins is November - March.

Breeding nutria at home

Breeding nutria at home is impossible, since a prerequisite for their full development and ensuring the high quality of the skins will be the presence of a specially equipped pool. In this regard, nutria is recommended to be bred and kept only on specially equipped farms.

In this material:

Breeding nutria at home (as a business and a good way to invest) has become a fairly profitable industry today, as it does not require special investments of money, but at the same time it brings a significant profit. This branch of animal husbandry is young, but very rapidly developing.

The advantages of such a home business are as follows:

1. Nutria is the most unpretentious animal in terms of food and living conditions.
2. This species of animals mainly feeds on plant foods, which significantly reduces the cost of selecting their diet.
3. Nutria rarely get sick, they have stable immunity.
4. Growing nutria is a fascinating and profitable process. They grow quickly and actively reproduce.
5. The appearance of the animal skin is very similar to expensive types of mink or fox fur. Therefore, the sale of fur takes place without any problems.
6. Dietary meat is highly valued by those who adhere to a healthy diet.

The idea of ​​​​breeding homemade has no significant drawbacks. However, there are some points that you should definitely take into account when developing a business plan for a future enterprise. The nutria is a water rat. Therefore, you need to find out in advance whether you can overcome your disgust in relation to this animal. This animal is clean, so you will always have to keep enclosures in perfect order and prepare fresh food.. It will not be superfluous to decide whether there is enough free time to carry out all the necessary procedures with high quality. To kill an animal, you need to have strong physical and moral strength.

What difficulties will you face

Breeding nutria as a business is not only a constant care for animals, but also a search for sales. Even at the stage of creating a business board, these aspects must be worked out very first. There is a large number of speculation and rumors that can prevent a novice entrepreneur from taking on this business. For example, the following:

1. Nutria do not survive well in cold climates. This information has no substantiation. A thick layer of fat under the skin of an animal reliably protects it from severe frosts. When equipping a house for nutria, you need to take care of the presence of dry grass bedding, then many problems can be avoided. Subject to all conditions of detention, it will not be so difficult to breed nutria at home; there will be no need to develop a special project to create housing for animals.
2. There is an opinion that for active life, animals need a pond with running water and vast areas of meadows and mowing. Yes, of course, for walking nutria, territories are needed, but not so vast. You can dig a pond for animals yourself. What is important here is not the scale of the water space, but its purity.
3. Growing nutria is not possible in metal cages. This conjecture is false. A cage made of metal or plastic will not harm the health of the animals. Wooden houses cannot be called an acceptable option for the existence of nutrias, since they easily gnaw through the bars and run away to freedom.
4. Nutria are very aggressive towards people. Indeed, this animal has very strong and sharp front teeth, and in case of danger the animal always uses them. The nutria bites only for the purpose of self-defense, the rest of the time it is peaceful and calm, so many people get it as a pet.

When a business plan is drawn up for breeding nutria at home, the point on the profitability of a business is of no small importance. Nutria, as an object of making a profit, carries value not only from the standpoint of selling fur - tasty and dietary meat is very popular among adherents of a healthy diet, as well as people who, for health reasons, are forced to follow a diet. Breeding nutria for beautiful fur is not a new idea. The first nutria breeding enterprises appeared in the country at the beginning of the 20th century. Not everyone knew how to draw up a business plan at that time, but the profit was still significant. About 10 breeds are known, which are valued for beautiful fur. You can buy them at exhibitions or from friends.

Conditions for keeping nutria

When breeding animals, it is important not to forget about the following conditions:

1. Breeding animals is not burdened with difficulties, since the nutria is a peaceful animal, for which it is enough to have a spacious cage with a pool and proper nutrition. In order to make nutrition as balanced as possible, small cooked fish, fishmeal, offal and crustaceans should be included in the diet of animals. Be sure to ensure that nutria always have free access to fresh drinking water.
2. In the summer, it is better to place the cage in the fresh air, and with the advent of cold weather and rain, bring it into a warm room. In one cell, if the area allows, several individuals can exist quite peacefully.
3. Particular attention should be paid to the diet of the animal. After all, the quality of meat and animal fur directly depends on this. Regardless of the breed, hay, fresh grass, corn, carrots and zucchini must be present in the diet. Animals love grain porridge very much.
4. Separately, you can store hay, vegetables for animal feed. If the nutria is sick, it is moved to a separate space to avoid infection of the entire livestock.

Growing nutria for profit requires understanding how to properly equip a place of existence for the animal. They will definitely need a warm indoor area with an open range. An acceptable option is a small shed with a yard. The house in which the nutria will live is built in the form of a box or cage. Animals feel good in enclosures, the interior of which is divided by wooden or metal partitions. A dense layer of sawdust or dry hay must be laid on the bottom. It is important that the height of the cage is not lower than 2 m.

Walking for nutrias is a small concreted space, closed by a fence, at least 1 m high. This design is necessary to keep their skins clean.

How to ensure growth

On average, the animal lives 10 years. It is important to note that the nutria is already ready for slaughter at the 6th month of life, when it reaches a weight of 5-6 kg. If the ultimate goal of the enterprise is to sell young animals, then one male and 6-7 females should be left. Considering that one female can bring up to 15 cubs at a time and childbirth takes place 2 times a year, it is easy to calculate the total increase in the number of nutrias.

If the purpose of the business is to sell meat and fur, then it is important to remember that, on average, an individual gains up to 1.5 kg of weight in 1 month.

In the business plan, this data will need to be included in order to represent all the prospects for the development of the business.

It does not matter for what end goal the nutria breeding business is organized. In any case, this is a fairly simple occupation that provides a stable income.

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Breeding nutria as a business in agriculture is just beginning to be implemented in the states of the former USSR. But with proper organization, the breeding and rearing of these unpretentious animals can bring quite a substantial income.

That is why, from among the animals whose breeding makes sense from the point of view of financial gain, I would like to dwell specifically on nutrias. Cultivation of nutria can bring good profits, subject to a rational approach to business, drawing up the right business plan and taking into account all the costs associated with arranging the premises, purchasing feed and buying the animals themselves.

Before embarking on a project, it is advisable to consult with experienced nutritionists and, together, calculate and draw up a business plan, that is, determine its profitability. A thorough analysis of the financial situation in the area where you plan to directly engage in this business can play a significant role in the success of your business. Demand for the products you offer and competition play a big role. In turn, in a preliminary plan, it is necessary to calculate the possible risks, and provide for the possibility of their prevention or reduction. Of great importance is the study of the habits and characteristics of keeping these animals in various conditions. That is, the preparation of a diet, feeding regimen and conditions of detention.

The profitability of breeding nutria is quite high and an order of magnitude higher than breeding rabbits. In addition, nutria get sick less and do not need such care as rabbits. Breeding nutria is less of a risky business in all conditions and can be recommended to beginner farmers who have not previously dealt with animals.

Minimum initial investment

It must be said that with a reasonable approach, breeding nutria as a business at home does not require large investments, and at many stages you can save a lot. For example, cages for nutrias do not have to buy new ones or order their manufacture. As an option, we advise you to look at ads in newspapers or on the Internet and purchase used ones. As a rule, cells are made of durable materials and they can last a long time. Better yet, make them yourself. according to your needs. We already wrote about how to make cells in our article. In this case, an important point is the attachment device for the feeder. Since nutria are extremely energetic animals, they can easily turn over the feeder, and to prevent this from happening, you need to fix them well.

Regarding food, as we said, these cute rodents are unpretentious and various vegetables and grass will suit them. As a result, there will be no complications with food in the summer. But in order for the animals to quickly gain weight, they need special feeding, which is not very expensive.

If we talk about the acquisition of the female nutria themselves and one male, then here you can invest $ 100. However, in this case, much will depend on the breed you purchase, since some elite producers are an order of magnitude more expensive than ordinary ones. This is where saving is not worth it. Since these are the founders of your family, the success of your business, i.e. profitability, will depend on how healthy they will produce offspring. Knowledgeable nutritionists recommend purchasing nutria with a black fur color, since it is their skins that are valued more than others.

Income estimate

When drawing up a business plan, it should be taken into account that in each region the price for nutria skins and their meat is different, but there should be no problems with the implementation. Nutria meat is much more nutritious than rabbit meat, but the fur is much better, and the skins are easier to dress. The average prices of one carcass range from 4 to 20 dollars, the price of a good skin is up to twenty dollars. However, there are also nuances here, and the main ones are the colors, the quality of the fur itself and the dressing. But as practice shows, having acquired one pair of nutria, all costs are paid off by the first offspring. This is the case if the female gives birth to at least a dozen babies, which, having grown, are slaughtered at the age of six months.

Before writing a business plan, watch this video for useful tips and advice.

Business features

If you want to organize your business in the best way, then you need to arrange a swimming pool for your wards. Nutria love water, and if it is replaced in time, the animal fur will be of higher quality, which significantly increases its value. These animals do not need to be given drugs as a preventive measure, since nutrias have a strong immune system and their bodies successfully cope with various infections. Currently, various technologies for the rapid breeding of nutria have been developed, however, it should be borne in mind that the breeding of these animals on an industrial scale is very different from growing at home. Under any conditions, you must first strive to make your small farm profitable. Study all the information that is collected on our website, watch the video and consult with people who have been breeding these rodents for years.

Main stages of nutria business

After drawing up a business plan and if it is approved by investors, it is necessary to proceed to the implementation of the planned ideas, namely:

1. Selection of the appropriate site, or its lease. It is better to conclude a lease agreement for a long period with the right to prolong it.
2. Further, the project must be agreed with the relevant permitting authorities and receive the appropriate documentation.
3. Construction of premises for nutria.
4. Purchase or manufacture of cages for nutria.
5. Improvement of the territory, leveling and cleaning of the site, arrangement of the reservoir. Next, you can proceed to the installation of a corral for walking.

What should be the room

In the business plan, you need to describe the room in which the cages with animals will be placed. Standard requirements for a room for breeding nutria:

• the building can be made of brick or wood;
• good ventilation;
• indoor air must be dry;
• purity.

After the construction of the building, the next step will be the acquisition or self-production of cages.

It is advisable to install cages for nutria in a house in which they are kept at a height of about 70 centimeters from the floor. In advance, the room must be properly prepared for a comfortable stay of animals in it. To do this, the floor must be covered with bedding. If the walls are wooden, then they need to be protected by covering them with a metal mesh.

In turn, it is necessary to constantly monitor the temperature in the room. In summer, it is imperative to create the opportunity for animals to swim by installing a water tank or building a pool. This is necessary to exclude the possibility of heat stroke in animals.

Breeding feature

Nutria are sometimes called domestic beavers, and they are bred because of their beautiful and durable fur, and meat, which has excellent taste, is also not in last place.

These animals are herbivores, as a result, most of their diet is plants, mostly growing near water bodies. Basically, these animals consume the stems, roots and leaves of aquatic plants. That is why their feeding is not particularly expensive. Similarly, plant foods and vegetables may be present in their diet. Breeding nutria as a business is quite profitable anywhere.

Nutria are unpretentious and do not need special care, they are fertile and rarely get sick, unlike the same rabbits.

By their nature, they are very peaceful, they quickly get used to a person, and they can even be taught to respond to nicknames. But during breeding they show aggression.

Nutria bites must be feared! As a rule, it is instantaneous and very strong. An adult can even bite a finger!

As a result, it is better not to disturb these animals during the mating season. Apart from this, various noise negatively affects nutria. This must be taken into account when choosing a place where they will be kept. If you do not adhere to this rule, then they stop breeding, gain weight poorly and may die.

Sales of meat and skins

Nutria farm products are somewhat specific, as a result of which the business plan must provide for the presence of well-established markets at an affordable price.

It is better to conclude contracts for the supply of meat with reputable retail outlets and catering establishments. Skins are best delivered directly to the studio specializing in tailoring outerwear.

When concluding contracts through intermediaries, you can win in time, but lose part of the profit, which means lower profitability.

Financial part

When compiling a business plan for breeding nutria, a financial plan must be drawn up, which provides for the expenditure and income parts.

As a rule, all expenses are paid off within six months, and the profit depends on the area where you live. Here you have to do your own research. If we talk about Russia, Ukraine or Kazakhstan, depending on the region, prices can differ by almost two times.

In this video, an experienced nutria breeder shares how a simple hobby turned into a profitable business.