Project 22350 ships

Project 22350 (long-range patrol ship maritime zone/ frigate) was developed by the Northern Design Bureau and approved by the command of the Russian Navy in June 2003 (date of approval of the draft design). The tender for the construction of the TFR series was announced by the Navy on February 28, 2005, in which three shipbuilding enterprises took part: Severnaya Verf, Yantar Baltic Shipyard and FSUE Sevmashpredpriyatie. I submitted an application for participation in the tender and Baltic plant”, but on April 11, 2005, the ICT group, which owns the Baltic Plant, and the United industrial company”, which controls Severnaya Verf, signed the Agreement “On the Joint Implementation of Projects in the Field of Military Shipbuilding”: the ICT group undertook not to fight for military orders, which, according to the document, should be concentrated at Severnaya Verf; Baltiysky Zavod, under the terms of the agreement, was supposed to provide partners with "all the necessary technological support in the implementation of military orders."

The contract for the construction of the lead ship of project 22350 was signed with Shipyard Severnaya Verf on October 21, 2005.

As part of State program procurement of weapons until 2020, on March 17, 2011, Severnaya Verf and the Russian Ministry of Defense signed a contract for the construction of 4 ships of the project (to the two already under construction). In addition, Shipyard "Severnaya Verf" is recognized as the sole supplier of the SKR project 22350 for the Russian Navy.

Project 22350 frigates are typical ships of a long-deck design with a solid superstructure made using composite structural materials based on polyvinyl chloride and carbon fibers (composite materials reduce the level of the secondary radar field of the ship by absorbing and scattering radio waves).

The physical fields of the frigate are minimized. Thanks to the original architecture of the superstructure and the use of composite structural materials (stealth technology), the effective scattering surface of the ship is reduced, which reduces its radar and optical visibility.

The main characteristics of the frigate project 22350: Total displacement 4500 tons. Length 130 meters, width 16 meters, draft 4.5 meters. Travel speed 29 knots.

Engines: M55R diesel-gas turbine power plant with a total capacity of 65,000 horsepower.

The M55R installation consists of:

afterburner gas turbine M90FR manufactured by CJSC "Turborus",

marching diesel engine 10D49 manufactured by OAO Kolomensky Zavod,

reducer RO55R manufactured by SE NPKG "Zorya" - "Mashproekt",

systems automatic control, developed by JSC "Concern" NPO "Aurora".

Power: 2 diesel engines 10D49 with a capacity of 5200 hp each. s., 2 gas turbine engines M90FR with a capacity of 27,500 liters each. With.

Cruising range 4000 nautical miles. Seaworthiness without restrictions. The crew is from 180 to 210 people.

Armament:

Artillery: 1x1 130mm AU A-192M.

Missile armament: up to 16 ZM55 Oniks or 3M54 anti-ship missiles (Caliber-NKE family); SAM "Polyment-Redut" (32 SAM 9M96E or up to 128 SAM 9M100 in any combination); 2 ZRAK "Broadsword".

Anti-submarine weapons: up to 16 anti-submarine missiles 91RE1 (Kalibr-NKE family), 2x4 launchers of the PLO and PTZ Paket-NK complex.

Aviation group: 1 Ka-27PL helicopter.

The lead frigate of project 22350 "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Gorshkov" (serial number 921) for the Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy was laid down at the Shipyard "Severnaya Verf" on February 01, 2006. Launching took place on October 29, 2010. On July 31, 2013, Severnaya Verf began mooring trials of the frigate, which are being carried out at the outfitting wall of the shipyard. During the test, the quality of installation, the operation of all mechanisms and equipment, and the conditions for their maintenance will be checked before entering the factory sea trials. On November 18, 2014, the newest frigate, where factory sea trials will take place at the sea ranges of the Leningrad naval base of the Baltic Fleet. According to a message dated December 12, which should be completed before the end of the month. It will become part of the Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy. According to a message dated January 5, 2015, at the end of the New Year and Christmas holidays (ZHI) in the sea ranges of the Baltic Fleet. As reported on May 20. On September 7, after crossing from Baltiysk, he arrived in Kronstadt. According to a message dated September 11 in the Baltic Sea, factory sea ​​trials. On September 22, the main naval base of the Baltic Fleet, Baltiysk, headed for the White Sea to undergo state tests. According to a message dated September 24, the straits M. Belt, B. Belt, Øresund, Kattegat and Skagerrak, connecting the Baltic Sea with the North Sea, entered the northeastern part of the Atlantic Ocean. September 30 and arrived at the White Sea naval base of the Northern Fleet in the city of Severodvinsk. October 19 in the White Sea for the final stages of state tests technical means and weapons. On September 30, the ship arrived in Severodvinsk from Baltiysk and temporarily became part of the forces of the White Sea naval base of the Northern Fleet. According to a message dated November 02, as part of tests in the White Sea, a complex of firing from a universal ship-based 130-mm artillery mount at sea targets. According to a report dated November 25, rocket firing from a universal ship-based missile system in the White Sea. According to a report dated December 25, the first stage of testing of on-board weapons systems, which took place at the Northern Fleet's maritime combat training ranges in the White Sea and in Arkhangelsk region. According to a report dated February 24, 2016 from the A-192 universal artillery mount in the combat training ranges of the Northern Fleet in the Barents Sea. According to a message dated March 05, another series of tests of the ship's aviation equipment is being carried out at the Northern Fleet's combat training ranges in the Barents Sea. As reported on March 20, 2017 at The final stage state tests. According to a message dated June 04, to perform the next phase of State tests. On September 29, the ship's crew tested the systems of the aviation technical complex as part of the final phase of testing. On October 8, in Severomorsk, a Ka-31 helicopter landed on the ship's helipad. According to a report dated December 26, while passing near the territorial waters of Great Britain and the North Sea, his Type 23 Duke class frigate of the British Royal Navy. On June 26, 2018, at the Northern Shipyard, a state commission chaired by Captain 1st Rank Viktor Ivanov adopted an act of state testing of the frigate. July 28, 2018 in St. Petersburg, a solemn ceremony of raising the Andreevsky flag and admission to the Russian Navy. According to a message dated September 8 to the main base of the Northern Fleet - the city of Severomorsk. September 18 from the main base of the Northern Fleet - Severomorsk - to the Barents Sea to work out the planned tasks of the combat training course. According to a message dated October 02, the planned tasks of combat training in the Barents Sea. According to a message dated December 04, to the combat training ranges of the Northern Fleet to carry out combat training tasks. According to a message dated January 23, 2019, the crew successfully completed basic training and passed the first task of the combat training course for surface ships - "Preparing a ship for battle and a campaign."

Tail number 417. Currently has tail number 454

The first serial frigate of project 22350 (serial number 922) for Black Sea Fleet The Russian Navy was laid down at the Severnaya Verf shipyard on November 26, 2009. October 30, 2014 at Severnaya Verf. 12 December .

By order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, the first serial ship was named "Admiral of the Fleet Kasatonov". First Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Navy, Admiral of the Fleet Vladimir Afanasyevich Kasatonov was the ancestor of an officer dynasty of three generations who devoted their lives to serving in the Russian Navy.

The second serial frigate of project 22350 "Admiral Golovko" (serial number 923) for the Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy was laid down at the Shipyard "Severnaya Verf" on February 01, 2012.

The third serial frigate of project 22350 "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Isakov" was laid down at the Severnaya Verf shipyard on November 14, 2013. The frigate is named after Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Ivan Stepanovich Isakov (08/22/1894 - 10/11/1967), who held the highest command positions in the Main Command of the USSR Navy and contributed outstanding contribution in the construction and development of the country's navy.

According to a message dated January 26, 2019, from the main base of the Northern Fleet - Severomorsk in the Barents Sea to work out a set of combat training tasks. February 26, as part of a detachment of ships of the Northern Fleet in the Barents Sea and headed for the Atlantic. On March 20, as part of the ships, the passage from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea through the Suez Canal. According to a message dated April 01,

In service 3 ships are under construction. For 2012, the fleet ordered 6. Only 8 units are planned. Main characteristics Displacement 4500 tons (full) Length 130 (largest) Width 16 m Draft 4.5 m Engines Diesel-gas turbine power plant Power 65,000 l. With. (general)
2 diesel engines 10D49 with a capacity of 5200 liters each. With.,
2 gas turbine engines M90FR with a capacity of 27,500 liters each. With. travel speed 29 knots cruising range 4000 nautical miles Crew 180-210 people Armament Artillery 1x1 130mm AU A-192M Missile weapons up to 16 anti-ship missiles ZM55 "Onyx" or 3M54 (family "Caliber-NKE")
SAM "Polyment-Redut" (32 SAM 9M96E or up to 128 SAM 9M100 in any combination)
2 ZRAK "Broadsword" Anti-submarine weapons up to 16 anti-submarine missiles 91RE1 (Kalibr-NKE family),
2x4 launchers of the PLO and PTZ complex "Packet-NK" Aviation group 1 Ka-27PL helicopter

Design History

A closed tender for the construction of the lead ship of the project was supposed to be announced by the Russian Navy at the beginning of 2002. The draft design of the ship was developed at the Northern Design Bureau and approved by the command of the Russian Navy in June 2003, however, due to the fact that the construction of the ship was not included in the state defense order, the tender was announced only in April 2005.

In June of the same year, naval saloon IMDS-2005 in St. Petersburg as the head of the department for orders and deliveries of ships, naval weapons and military equipment The Ministry of Defense A. Shlemov was informed that three shipbuilding enterprises were participating in the tender: Severnaya Verf, Baltic Plant Yantar and FSUE Sevmashpredpriyatie. The Baltiysky Zavod also applied for participation in the tender, but on April 11, 2005, the ICT group, which owns the Baltiysky Zavod, and the United Industrial Company, which controls Severnaya Verf, signed an Agreement on the Joint Implementation of Projects in the Field of Military Shipbuilding ”: the IST group undertook not to fight for military orders, which, according to the document, should be concentrated at Severnaya Verf; Baltiysky Zavod, under the terms of the agreement, was supposed to provide partners with "all the necessary technological support in the implementation of military orders."

There is also a project to build frigates of project 22356 - a series of Russian multi-purpose warships of the far sea zone.

Construction history

The frigate "Admiral Gorshkov" is being completed afloat. October 2012

The laying of the lead ship of this project, the Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Gorshkov, took place on February 1, 2006 at the St. Petersburg shipbuilding enterprise Severnaya Verf. D. Yu. Silantev became the main builder of the ship. Launched on October 29, 2010. According to the plan, it should come into operation in 2012. This is the first large surface warship laid down at Russian shipyards over the past 15 years. In total, over the next 15-20 years, it is planned to build up to 20 frigates, the base for which should be the ships of this project. It is assumed that they will be part of all four fleets of the Russian Navy.

The exact number of ships planned for the construction of the series is unknown, but according to unofficial data, the Navy plans to build a series of 10-12 ships of project 22350. It is planned to include six frigates of project 22350 into the Black Sea Fleet.

The cost of the lead ship of this type should be about 400-420 million US dollars. Taking into account the installation of the latest weapons on the ship, which are currently being developed, the real cost of building one frigate can increase to $ 500 million.

Design

Hull and superstructure

Project 22350 frigates are typical ships of a long-shell design, with a solid superstructure made using composite structural materials based on polyvinyl chloride and carbon fibers (composite materials reduce the level of the secondary radar field of the ship by absorbing and scattering radio waves). The physical fields of the frigate are minimized. Thanks to the original architecture of the superstructure and the use of composite structural materials ("stealth"), the effective dispersion surface of the ship has been reduced, which in turn makes it possible to reduce its radar and optical visibility.

Aft end - transom. The shape of the hull contours and the sharp stem should provide the ships of the project with good seaworthiness. The double bottom extends over most of the hull (from the bow compartments with ammunition up to the engine room and aft inspection). The ship is supposed to install new stabilizers with non-retractable rudders, which will reduce the volume occupied by the control mechanisms of the stabilizers. The seaworthiness of the ship should ensure the use of armament and equipment without restrictions with a working stabilizer in sea waves up to 4-5 points. All ammunition of guided missiles is supposed to be stored in vertical launchers with constructive protection.

According to known data, the total displacement of the ship will be 4500 tons.

Main power plant

For the ship, a diesel-gas turbine power plant with a total capacity of 65,000 hp was chosen as the power plant. With. The power plant consists of two diesel engines 10D49 with a capacity of 5200 hp each. With. and 2 M90FR gas turbine engines with a capacity of 27,500 hp each. With. Full speed - up to 29 knots.

Armament

UVP upgraded air defense system "Hurricane"

The ship will carry a weapon system consisting of guided missile, artillery, radio engineering and other types of weapons. In the bow of the hull in front of the superstructure, two 3S14U1 universal ship-based firing systems (two standard modules of eight cells each) will be placed, designed to store and launch sixteen ZM55 Onyx anti-ship cruise missiles (PJ-10 BrahMos), or anti-ship and anti-submarine missiles of the family "Caliber-NKE" (3M-54, 3M14, 91RTE2).

UKKS Caliber-NK cell with four types of missiles

The anti-submarine armament of the frigate will be represented by two Medvedka-2 launchers, four missiles each, placed onboard in the middle part of the superstructure (behind the hatches).

The artillery armament of the ship is represented by a 130-mm A-192 artillery mount (firing range up to 22 km, rate of fire - 30 rounds per minute). The artillery system has a wide range of firing angles (170/80°); the range of ammunition allows it to hit coastal, sea and air targets, and the new 5P-10 Puma artillery fire control radar system has a multi-channel system for fired targets. Next to the helicopter hangar, it is planned to place two combat modules of the Broadsword ZRAK on-board.

There is no exact data on the composition of anti-aircraft missile weapons. Initially, there was information about the installation on the ship of the Shtil-1 medium-range anti-aircraft missile system (a modernized version of the Uragan air defense system in the version with a vertical launch), but later information appeared about the installation on the ship of the Poliment-Redut air defense system located in the bow housing in front of UKKS ZS14U1 and consisting of 4 eight-cell modules. In total, the ammunition has 32 48N6E2 SAMs (firing range - 200 km) or 128 9M96E SAMs (four instead of one 48N6E2, firing range - 135 km) or 512 RVV-AE-ZRK short-range self-defense missiles.

The aircraft armament includes 1 Ka-27 helicopter.

Project representatives

Name	Board number	Manufacturer	Serial No.	Bookmark date	Launching	Commissioning	Fleet	State	Notes
Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Gorshkov		Severnaya Verf (St. Petersburg)	921	1st of February	October 29, 2010	Postponed indefinitely	Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy	It is in a high degree of readiness. The formation of the superstructure ends. Electronic equipment is being installed. Testing will begin in the summer of 2013.	It will be included in the 14th brigade of anti-submarine ships of the Northern Fleet.
Fleet Admiral Kasatonov		Severnaya Verf (St. Petersburg)	922	November 26	(plan)	November 2014 (plan)	Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy	The body is formed, saturation is underway.
Admiral Golovko		Severnaya Verf (St. Petersburg)	923	1st of February	2013	2014	Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy	Laid down.
Admiral Isakov		Severnaya Verf (St. Petersburg)		2012 (plan)			Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy	Planned to be bookmarked
Admiral Yumashev		Severnaya Verf (St. Petersburg)		2013 (plan)			Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy	Planned to be bookmarked
		Severnaya Verf (St. Petersburg)						Contract signed
		Severnaya Verf (St. Petersburg)						Contract signed
		Severnaya Verf (St. Petersburg)						Contract signed

see also

• Project 11356R/M frigates

Notes

1. Kurochkin D.V.“A good and big order of the future…” // Ship history: almanac. - 2006. - V. 9. - No. 1. - S. 8-9.
2. "Severnaya Verf" (St. Petersburg) launched the frigate "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Gorshkov" Portnews.ru
3. "Admiral Gorshkov" launched
4. Sankt-Peterburgskie Vedomosti - Economics - Frigate, build faster!
5. The Black Sea Fleet will receive 18 ships in ten years. Lenta.ru
6. 22350 Gorshkov Gorshkov class
7. Severnaya Verf will build 17 warships for the Russian Navy
8. The Ministry of Defense raises the price of Severnaya Verf. The company received a new major contract
9. Denis Korablev Project 22350

The navy is the lot of only the most militarily and industrially developed countries. You can buy a ship, but you won’t be able to create all the infrastructure necessary for it. It is not surprising that the state of the shipbuilding industry in our country caused the deepest despondency among sailors: new ships were not built, the old ones gradually exhausted their resources. Fortunately, the situation gradually began to improve. A clear confirmation of this is the frigate Admiral Gorshkov.

It was launched on October 29, 2010. This event is unique in that it is not only the first ship launched after the collapse of the Soviet Union, but also the first example of this kind of equipment, which was designed from scratch, without the use of Soviet developments.

About the history of creation

Immediately after the country had money for the deployment of a new shipbuilding program, submarines of projects 955, 885 and 667 were laid down and launched. Soon the turn of surface ships came. The new frigate "Admiral Gorshkov" of project 22350 was created by specialists from the Severny Design Bureau. P.M. Shraiko became the chief designer of the project. The laying of the ship took place in 2006. As expected, the first frigate of project 22350 was built much longer than expected, but still the shipbuilders managed to meet adequate deadlines, despite all the difficulties.

The project of the new ship was created and approved back in 2003. When a state tender was announced for its construction in 2005, there were three major contractors at once who really wanted to prevent competitors from getting such a tasty morsel: Severnaya Verf, Yantar and Sevmashpredpriyatie. In the end, the right to build remained with the St. Petersburg "Severnaya Verf". As practice has shown, it was the right decision.

The importance of the ships of project 22350 for the country's defense

No one will be surprised by the words that the coastline of our country is distinguished both by its length and its complex relief. The problem of our fleet is that it includes many morally and technically obsolete ships, which, in the event of a massive attack by a potential enemy, simply cannot protect such a huge area, or even interact normally with each other and other branches of the Russian Navy. The frigate "Admiral Gorshkov" against this background is in an advantageous position, as it is a multi-purpose combat unit.

Thus, Russia in the shortest possible time needs to launch as many modern coast guard ships as possible, which are equipped with effective missiles and anti-ship missiles. This will make it possible to build a normal coastal defense without resorting to the use of more expensive weapons. The United States is following a similar path today. The military leadership of this country is just focusing on the construction of a large number of relatively inexpensive and functional ships designed to protect coastal waters.

It should be noted that the Black Sea Fleet especially needs them. The fact is that this group of ours is located at a great distance from other combat fleets. During the “management” of Ukrainians on the land of Crimea, there are practically no normal air defense and missile defense systems left there. And those of them that still remain cannot effectively cover the remaining territory from a possible enemy strike. The only ship that more or less meets the flagship of the Black Sea Fleet, GvRKr project 1164.5 "Moskva". Not only is he alone, but also the combat systems of the ship clearly do not meet modern requirements.

It is equipped with the S-300F Fort air defense system, which is completely unified with the S-300PS land-based anti-aircraft missile system. Max Height hit targets - up to 27 kilometers. You can simultaneously capture up to six air targets at a distance of 90 kilometers. As you can see, our air defense forces in the new region of the Federation cannot boast of anything outstanding. It is to correct this situation that in recent years an intensive new type has begun, and one of the most impressive is the Project 22350 Admiral Gorshkov frigate.

Distinctive features

The ship is good because it is designed to work both in the near and far sea zone, as well as for combat operations in oceanic conditions. Displacement - approximately 4500 tons, maximum length - at least 130 m, width of the hull at the widest point - 16 meters. The length of the course is more than four thousand. The navigation season is not limited. In addition to powerful artillery and missile weapons, there is a platform for receiving a combat helicopter (Ka-28).

Among other things, the Admiral Gorshkov frigate is unique in that at least 30% of completely new technologies and materials are used in its design. Competing in that with the Americans, the stern superstructures and the wheelhouse were created using stealth technology, which provides a strong dispersion of radar waves, guaranteeing the ship a high degree of stealth. It is not surprising that the degree of secrecy in its design was "on the level": about appearance"Admiral" was known only to designers and shipbuilders. Nothing leaked to the press until the very launch.

Onboard armament

The frigate "Admiral Gorshkov" (photo of 2014 convincingly proves this) carries an impressive combat complex on board. It includes a whole battery of anti-ship missiles (“Mosquito”), an artillery mount with a caliber of 130 mm (rate of fire 30 rounds per minute), as well as an anti-aircraft missile battery and an anti-submarine missile system. Thus, the Project 22350 frigate "Admiral Gorshkov" is distinguished by impressive security and is able to stand up for itself in any conditions.

Ship anti-submarine protection

Anti-submarine weapons consist of two Medvedka-2 launch systems at once. They are located in the middle of the ship. Each launcher is loaded with four active guided missiles. The ZARYA-M sonar system is responsible for detecting enemy submarines. Subsequently, it is planned to replace this type of station with its improved analogue, VIGNETKA-M.

These devices include a flexible antenna (GPBA) and an emitter, which can provide effective detection of the latest generation of low-noise submarines. Among other things, the same systems make it possible to effectively detect enemy torpedoes and surface ships at a distance of up to 60 km. Thus, knocking out the Admiral Gorshkov frigate with a conventional torpedo attack is almost impossible.

Defense against combat aircraft

The real highlight of the ship is the installation 3S14U1 (UKSK). Rocket, of course. This complex is unique in its “omnivorousness”: it is possible to replace the ammunition at any time, as a result of which the specification of the ship will also change. In addition, it is worth dwelling on the characteristics of the anti-aircraft installation, Rif-M. Let's tell you that in the press it is often called "Polyment-Redut".

So. The Rif does not differ in any impressive combat characteristics, but it is completely unified with the land-based Vityaz. Of course, this plays into the hands of both sailors and their land "colleagues", since ammunition can be replenished almost anywhere where there are air defense units. In order not to leave a single chance for flying enemies, the ship also has a new type of radar, which is distinguished by increased performance in the field of early detection of aircraft.

Four phased arrays (AFAR) "Polyment" are responsible for this at once. Experts believe that in the future ships of this type will be equipped with unified fire control systems, as well as A-192 and ZAK Broadsword installations. By the way, the latter have already been installed on the Admiral Gorshkov frigate (the photo of which is in the article). Their task is to cover the regular airborne helicopter Ka-28 during its takeoff and landing. All available combat elements work in a single circuit, providing the frigate with reliable protection from enemy combat aircraft and helicopters.

The protective contour of the ship can capture and lead 16 flying objects at once in one "approach". The firing during their interception is up to one missile per second. Even if someone manages to break through, the frigate 22350 "Admiral Gorshkov" will almost certainly shoot him down with artillery systems. The combination of a 130 mm automatic cannon and an automatic guidance system is a terrible thing. Do not forget about the powerful airborne electronic warfare, which is capable of almost completely suppressing the computer guidance system of enemy missiles. All this not only significantly increases the degree of protection of the Admiral, but also makes it possible to drastically reduce the load on the crew in a combat situation.

And more about anti-aircraft weapons

Not so long ago it became known that the development of a new small-sized system designed to protect warships with a displacement of 1,000 to 4,500 thousand tons is in full swing at the Altair MNIIRE. The new anti-aircraft gun will be built on the basis of the well-proven Rif-M air defense system. It is assumed that she will use 9M96E missiles, which are distinguished by active homing, as well as an inertial target acquisition system. The combination of these systems will make it possible to create a truly formidable weapon capable of intercepting highly maneuverable aircraft with a high probability of hitting them.

This is what distinguishes the frigate Admiral Gorshkov from its competitors. A photo of the ship is able to immediately prove to experts that it is able to easily cope with the majority of a potential enemy.

Power point

In general, there is nothing surprising in it: a diesel gas turbine plant, whose power is about 65,000 hp. It belongs to the CODAG type, the diesel engine itself belongs to the DGTA-M55MR family (all in one housing). Such a design solution made it possible to combine both high maximum power and the best efficiency when moving at low speed (sea trials of the Admiral Gorshkov frigate clearly proved this).

It is located in the bow compartment, while the diesel engine is traditionally located at the stern.

Detailed characteristics of the diesel plant

The manufacturer of the well-established 10D49 diesel engines is the Kolomna Plant. The power of each is 3825 kW (5200 hp), they are fully automated. Each has a two-speed reduction gear, which is responsible for the separate or combined operation of two engines. Finally, there is a local control system. The gas turbine units themselves, GTE M90FR, were developed by two famous enterprises at once - NPO Saturn and NPP Zarya-Mashproekt.

Without these companies, the Admiral Gorshkov frigate itself would not have been possible. The year 2014 proved that the leadership of the fleet is very grateful to them, since both enterprises received generous state orders. It is to be hoped that this favorable trend will continue in the future.

Only on diesel engines alone, the ship's power plant will immediately produce 10,400 hp, which is quite enough to accelerate to 10-13 knots. If diesels and turbines work at the same time, the power rises immediately to 64,800 hp, so that a colossus with a displacement of four thousand tons accelerates to 30 knots. Why do we list everything in such detail? Why do you think such a design of ship power plants was not used in the ships of the Soviet fleet? It's simple: no one wanted to take on the responsibility of developing such a complex system. A system that had to be not only powerful, but also extremely reliable.

In this area, Russian shipbuilders managed to get around their Soviet counterparts, which is good, since the Admiral Gorshkov ship is a real "first-born" of post-Soviet shipbuilders. In this it is similar to the T-50 fighter. This aircraft was also developed from scratch by Russian developers.

Some results

Generally speaking, the Admiral of the Fleet Gorshkov is a frigate, which in many ways is a fairly typical representative of the Soviet-Russian shipbuilding school. However, for the first time in the history of our fleet, missile weapons are placed in mines on a surface ship. By the way, our American "colleagues" have long come to the need for precisely this type of deployment of this type of weaponry, since in this case it is possible to eliminate the "zoo" of installations for launching, which is so typical for Soviet fleet. This will make it possible to significantly reduce the cost of operating ships, since much fewer specialists will need to be trained.

Alas, until 2010, the Russian Navy did not have any unification in this area at all. Moreover, each (!) missile system had its own application. The latter fact practically put an end to the idea of ​​​​creating multifunctional ships. If our shipbuilding industry follows the path blazed by the Admiral Gorshkov ship, then the fleet will finally get a truly versatile, flexible and powerful weapon that can be effectively used along the entire length of the Russian coastline.

Why did the Admiral Gorshkov take so long to put into operation?

The main problem, due to which we constantly had to postpone the deadlines, was a chronic delay in the delivery of individual systems. Yes, the Admiral Gorshkov cruiser was built by a St. Petersburg shipyard, but all the weapons, radar and hydroacoustic systems were provided by completely different contractors! It is on them that the lion's share of responsibility lies for the postponement of the delivery of the frigate. In particular, air defense systems and hydroacoustics systems caused a lot of problems. In addition, the delivery of components for the new artillery system was disrupted a couple of times, without which the frigate pr. 22350 "Admiral Gorshkov" would not have been much superior to ships of a similar class.

How does the domestic Admiralty solve the problem of the shortage of ships?

In principle, there is the only correct solution here, which is actively used today. It's about about the hasty "breeding" of ships that could operate in one tactical niche. Since on this moment Project 22350 frigates are not being built fast enough, it was decided to intensify the construction of cheaper ships belonging to the 11356 family (six of them were previously acquired by India). Despite their unification, they will be used in different fleets. Unfortunately, even now it will not be possible to completely do without confusion in the nomenclature. The only consolation is that it will not be as confusing as it was during the Union.

If we evaluate the degree of readiness of the frigates of project 22350, intended for the re-equipment of the Black Sea Fleet, the following should be said. A total of six ships are expected to be launched. The frigate "Admiral Grigorovich" is expected to be commissioned approximately in the second half of 2015. His "brother", "Admiral Essen", will begin to surf the waters of the Black Sea in 2016. The ship "Admiral Makarov" is unlikely to be ready before 2017.

Even if we take into account the sharply increased state allocations to the shipbuilding industry and the workload of industry enterprises in the Crimea, the re-equipment of the fleet runs the risk of being greatly delayed. Thus, the frigate Admiral Gorshkov, whose tests showed impressive results, is in many ways the only worthy alternative. One can only hope that the domestic industry will keep up with the pace taken.

Conclusion

Be that as it may, the construction of the frigate "Admiral Gorshkov" clearly proves the sharp activation of our shipbuilding industry. Never since the early 1990s has the fleet received so many new ships. That's just because of frequent supply disruptions, the Navy is getting more and more of the same type of frigates, which can often only be used in one tactical niche. As you can imagine, this state of affairs is not very good for the overall defense capability of the country.

To some extent, the military themselves are to blame for this, who are far from always ready to provide manufacturers with a clear and detailed technical specification. In addition, even when the construction of the Admiral Gorshkov frigate was underway, adjustments were often made to its appearance which is not possible in other countries. There are also problems with the newly developed projects of new classes of ships, for which adequate weapons simply have not yet been created. Fine-tuning them "on the fly" leads not only to a catastrophic increase in the cost of construction, but also to stretching the deadlines for delivery to exorbitant values.

Projects are also transferred from plant to plant, bypassing a huge number of bureaucratic obstacles. Setting up equipment, programs and fitting projects to the specifics of each shipbuilding enterprise is carried out almost manually. The situation is especially deplorable in the Pacific Fleet, where there are either no ship repair enterprises left at all, or they exist, but are equipped with morally and technically outdated equipment that is simply not suitable for modern frigates. The combination of all these problems over time can lead to very unpleasant consequences.

In principle, there is more good news. Thus, the sanctions of the West will not have any effect on the re-equipment of the fleet, since the construction of ships is carried out using exclusively domestic technologies. Of course, some imports technological solutions could solve many problems, but such an option is practically unrealistic in the light of the current foreign policy realities. Whatever it was, but the cruiser "Admiral Gorshkov" is the real pride of our shipbuilding.

Armament

Missile weapons

• 2 x 8 - VPU UKKS (PKR, KR, PLUR);
• 4 x 8 - VPU SAM "Polyment-Redut";
• 2 MANPADS "Igla-M".

Artillery armament

• 1 x 1 - 130-mm gun A-192M "Armat";
• 2 BM ZRAK "Broadsword";
• 2 x 1 - 14.5 mm MTPU machine gun mounts.

Torpedo armament

• 2 x 4 - 330-mm launchers SM-588 of the Paket-NK complex.

Aviation armament

• 1 helicopter Ka-27PL, hangar and runway.

Built ships

History of creation

Design

Patrol ship of the far sea zone was developed by the Northern Design Bureau (JSC "Northern Design Bureau"), preliminary design under the number 22350 approved by the command of the Russian Navy in June 2003.

Design

Initially, the need to build a series of 20 ships of project 22350 was voiced over 15-20 years, but by the end of 2010 this figure had dropped to 10-12 ships. The tender for the construction of the ship was announced on February 28, 2005. It was attended by the Severnaya Verf Shipbuilding Plant, the Baltic Shipbuilding Plant, the Admiralty Shipyards and the Yantar Kaliningrad Shipyard.

The first contract for the construction of the project 22350 frigate was signed by the Ministry of Defense with the winner of the tender, the Severnaya Verf Shipyard on October 21, 2005. Subsequently, two more contracts were signed with the same enterprise: on March 25, 2010 for three ships and on March 17, 2011 for four ships. According to the contracts, deliveries of ships to the fleet will be completed by 2018. At the same time, Shipyard Severnaya Verf was recognized as the sole supplier of Project 22350 ships for the Russian Navy.

Construction and testing

"Admiral Gorshkov" after launching passed bench factory tests. In May 2013, mooring tests were carried out on the ship. October 3, 2014 "Admiral Gorshkov" was put on the demagnetization stand in the pool of the Shipbuilding Plant "Severnaya Verf". On November 8, 2014, the frigate was towed to Kronstadt for factory sea trials. On November 18, 2014, the ship went to sea on its own for the first time to conduct the first stage of factory sea trials. Admiral Gorshkov was adopted by the Russian Navy on July 28, 2018.

Design description

Project 22350 frigates are designed to conduct combat operations against surface ships and submarines in oceanic and sea areas, as well as to repel air attacks, both independently and as part of a formation of ships.

Frame

Project 22350 frigates are ships with an extended forecastle and a solid superstructure made using composite structural materials based on polyvinyl chloride and carbon fibers (composite materials reduce the level of the secondary radar field of the ship by absorbing and scattering radio waves - stealth technology). The physical fields of the frigate are minimized.

Aft end - transom. The shape of the hull lines and the sharp clipper stem should provide the Project 22350 ships with good seaworthiness. The double bottom is located throughout most of the hull (from the bow compartments with ammunition up to the engine room and aft valance).

It is planned to install new stabilizers with non-retractable rudders on the ship, which will reduce the volume occupied by these mechanisms. The seaworthiness of the ship should ensure the use of armament and equipment without restrictions with a working stabilizer in sea waves up to 4-5 points.

Power plant and driving performance

The ship uses a diesel-gas turbine unit of the CODAG type, consisting of two diesel-gas turbine units DGTA-M55R, including:

• two gas turbine engines of the 4th generation M90FR / DA91 with a power of 27200 hp each / 27500 hp full speed, which are located in the forward engine room, jointly developed by NPO "Saturn" (Rybinsk, Russia) and NPP "Zorya-Mashproekt" (Nikolaev, Ukraine).
• two diesel engines 10D49 of economic progress with a capacity of 5200 hp each manufactured by OAO Kolomensky Zavod (Kolomna, Russia) with two-speed reduction gears located in the aft engine room;
• reducer RO55R, which provides separate operation of diesel engines and turbines, manufactured by SE NPKG "Zorya" - "Mashproekt" (Nikolaev, Ukraine);
• automatic control system "Metel-55", developed by OJSC "Concern" NPO "Avrora" (St. Petersburg, Russia).

The fuel reserves on the ship provide her with a cruising range of 4,000 miles at an economical speed of 14 knots.

Auxiliary equipment

The ship is equipped with four ADG-1000NK diesel generators manufactured by the Ural Diesel Engine Plant (UDMZ).

Crew and Habitability

Armament

Missile weapons

The main strike armament of the Project 22350 ship is the Kalibr missile system with a universal 16-container vertical launcher (UVPU) 3S-14 with the ability to deploy sea-based cruise missiles, anti-ship missiles and anti-submarine guided missiles. All ammunition of guided missiles is supposed to be stored in vertical launchers with constructive protection.

The far zone of the ship's air defense is provided by the Poliment-Redut air defense system, the near one - by the broadsword anti-aircraft missile and artillery system. The Poliment-Redut air defense system has one 32-round vertical launcher (32 ZUR 48N6E2, or 128 9M96E, or 512 RVV-AE-ZRK in any combination). SAM "Broadsword" is represented by two combat modules (2x4 PU SAMs with an ammunition load of 32 missiles and 2x6 30-mm automatic guns).

Artillery armament

The ship's artillery is represented by one A-192M "Armat" automatic artillery mount.

Torpedo armament

Aviation armament

The ship has a hangar and a runway for permanent deployment of a Ka-27 carrier-based helicopter.

Means of communication, detection and control

The electronic armament of the ship is represented by means of detecting air, underwater and surface targets, issuing target designation to ship weapons, as well as electronic suppression and combat, the operation of which is integrated using the Sigma-22350 CICS.

To detect air and surface targets, as well as to control the fire of the air defense system, a radar with a phased array 5P20K "Polyment" is used. The radar operates in the X-band, is capable of detecting and tracking more than 200 targets at a distance of up to 200 km and simultaneously providing shelling of 16 of them. The antenna post of the station "Polyment" is represented by a 4-sided AFAR.

The 5P27 Furke radar (manufactured by NPO Pravdinsky Radio Plant) is used as a general detection station for air and surface targets.

For target designation of anti-ship missiles, the 34K1 "Monolith" radar is used.

For target designation and fire control of the A-192 AU, the 5P-10 "Puma" system (developed and manufactured by the Polyus Research Institute) with a laser rangefinder and a TV channel is used.

To monitor the surface and air situation in the interests of the defense of the ship, ensure navigational security and control the takeoff and landing of shipborne helicopters, the MTK-201M multifunctional optoelectronic television system with a small-sized gyro-stabilized camera installation of the MTK-201M-S7 sector view (development and production of the Ural optical-mechanical plant UOMZ).

To illuminate the underwater situation and issue target designation to anti-submarine weapons, the Zarya-3 SJSC is used (according to unconfirmed reports, the Zvezda SJSC is installed on the head TFR plant No. 921) and the Vignetka-M GAS towed.

Tasks of electronic warfare and countermeasures electronic means the enemy are solved with the help of the Prosvet-M electronic warfare complex (2 launchers KT-308 and 8 launchers KT-216).

The ship's communication facilities are supplemented by the Centaurus-NM satellite communications complex, the antenna posts of which are located on the aft superstructure.

Built ships

The lead frigate of Project 22350 was laid down on February 1, 2006. By order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, the ship was given the name "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Gorshkov." D. Yu. Silantiev became the main builder of the ship. This is the first large surface ship laid down at Russian shipyards since 1991. The frigate was launched on October 29, 2010, entered factory tests in November 2014, and is expected to enter service in 2015.

In November 2009, the first serial frigate of Project 22350, the Admiral of the Fleet Kasatonov, was laid down, the second serial ship, the Admiral Golovko, was laid down on February 1, 2012. The laying of the third serial frigate - "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Isakov" - was made on November 14, 2013 on the day of the 101st anniversary of the founding of "Severnaya Verf".

Name	Head No.	Construction plant	Bookmark	Launching	Raising the flag	Note
Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Gorshkov	921	"Northern Shipyard"	February 1, 2006	October 29, 2010		Lead ship of the series
Fleet Admiral Kasatonov	922	"Northern Shipyard"	November 26, 2009	December 12, 2014		First serial ship
Admiral Golovko	923	"Northern Shipyard"	February 1, 2012			Second serial
Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Isakov	924	"Northern Shipyard"	November 14, 2013			Third serial

The fate of the ships

The first commander of the ship - ?.

• On November 18, 2014, the Project 22350 frigate Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Gorshkov left Kronstadt for the first time for the Gulf of Finland. for carrying out factory sea trials in the sea ranges of the Leningrad naval base of the Baltic Fleet.

During the first stage of the ZHI, the performance of the ship, the operation of the main power plant, ship systems and devices will be checked. In particular, the operation of the power plant, steering gear, auxiliary mechanisms, means of communication, detection and navigation, anchor device. Speed, maneuverability and vibration tests of the ship will also be carried out. In addition to the crew, more than 200 specialists from various divisions of the manufacturer, specialists from industry, as well as contractors are on board the frigate.

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MOSCOW, February 17 - RIA Novosti, Andrey Kots. The honor of demonstrating the St. Andrew's flag in the world's oceans will most often fall on the "Admiral's series" - frigates of the basic project 22350 and the modernized 22350M. . As Commander-in-Chief of the Navy Admiral Vladimir Korolev said at the end of the week in an interview with Krasnaya Zvezda, this year the lead frigate of the series will be handed over to the sailors. At the same time, specialists from the Northern Design Bureau will create an improved version of the ship. Project 22350 is the most advanced and technologically advanced development of Russian shipbuilders. About its features - in the material of RIA Novosti.

"Floating Research Institute"

The lead frigate of project 22350 "Admiral Gorshkov" began to be built at Severnaya Verf back in 2006. This is the first large surface warship laid down after the collapse of the USSR. And which! The shipbuilders were initially faced with the task of creating a fundamentally new frigate, stuffed with the most modern technologies, many of which were not previously used in the Navy. "Admiral Gorshkov" should be as versatile as possible: equally effectively deal with both surface and underwater targets, attack objects on land with high-precision weapons, counter the aircraft of a potential enemy, conduct reconnaissance, taking advantage of stealth, and perform many other tasks. The complexity and ambitiousness of the project is the main reason that the deadline for handing over the ship to the fleet has been “shifted to the right” several times. It is expected to enter service in August 2018.

"Admiral Gorshkov" is the most technologically sophisticated, modern and advanced ship of the Russian Navy, RIA Novosti said. Chief Editor magazine "Arsenal of the Fatherland" Viktor Murakhovsky. - Its building is a research institute named after Admiral Sergei Georgievich Gorshkov. Since 2006, all new items have been tested on the lead ship: from radio-electronic equipment to anti-aircraft missile systems and artillery installations. All the most advanced was installed on the frigate, despite the fact that development work on a number of technologies had not yet been completed. A lot had to be done along the way. Of course, such a ship cannot be brought to mind quickly. But when it is finally ready, the fleet will receive a very serious reinforcement."

The final state tests of the frigate "Admiral Gorshkov" will be held in the springProject 22350 frigates are designed to conduct combat operations in the far ocean zone against enemy surface ships and submarines, repel air attack attacks, both independently and as part of a formation of ships.

According to the expert, the striking power of the frigate with a total displacement of 5400 tons will be provided by 16 vertical launch units (VLA) for cruise missiles of the Caliber family. From the threat from the air, it will be covered by the Poliment-Redut anti-aircraft missile system, created specifically for Russian ships new projects, as well as two anti-aircraft artillery systems "Broadsword" - for close combat. The universal 130 mm AK-192 cannon with a rate of fire of 30 rounds per minute has a firing range of up to 23 kilometers. Anti-submarine weapons are represented by four Paket-NK torpedo tubes, adopted by the Navy in 2008. The new on-board information and control system will link all the ship's equipment into a network with unified management, A radio-electronic complex illumination of the surface and underwater situation will not allow the enemy to get close to the frigate unnoticed.

“Naturally, all control systems are digital,” Viktor Murakhovsky admired. “Digital data buses, digital signal processing, and so on. In fact, the new frigate is a floating computer capable of solving many problems with little or no human intervention. Of course, he integrated into the command and control system of the ship strike group (KG), the fleet and the global information and reconnaissance space that Russia is forming, including in the seas and oceans."

For all its complexity, the Admiral Gorshkov is a fairly fast ship with excellent seaworthiness. It will reach speeds of up to 30 knots and cover distances of up to four thousand nautical miles at 14 knots. From 180 to 210 sailors, midshipmen and team officers will be able to stay in autonomous navigation for about a month.

In the next series

To date, the Ministry of Defense has ordered four Project 22350 ships: Admiral Gorshkov, Admiral Kasatonov, Admiral Golovko and Admiral Isakov. It is expected that these frigates will replenish the combat strength of the Northern and Pacific fleets by 2020-2022. However, the series will not be limited to four "admirals". In the future, Severnaya Verf will begin construction of modernized frigates under project 23500M. To date, little is known about him. The media reported that the new ships will have a displacement of six and a half to eight thousand tons. The increase in size will allow you to place more weapons systems.

“The upgraded project will be partly a work on the mistakes identified during the operation of the first four frigates,” Viktor Murakhovsky explained. “This is an eternal story in the fleet: each subsequent series of ships is different from the previous one. You can look at the experience of other countries. American destroyers Arley Burke types don't look alike at all. The modernization of the fleet is a continuous process, and I really hope that our defense industry will withstand this test. We need at least 10-12 Project 22350 ships to effectively carry out the tasks prescribed in the new naval doctrine."

Modernized frigates of the "Admiral's series" should have time to enter the state armaments program for 2018-2027. During this period, the Navy plans to receive 35 ships, of which 20 are surface ships, one Submarine and 14 support vessels. However, no one is going to rush shipbuilders: the crews have yet to properly master the new generation of basic frigates, and the country's military leadership has yet to fit them into the structure of the fleet.