Coastal missile system of the Black Sea Fleet of the Navy Utes. Sopka (coastal missile system)

The division of the mine coastal missile system "Utes" has been restored in the Crimea, it is planned to deploy the Bastion missile system on its basis, a source familiar with the situation said.

“It is assumed that the revived complex will conduct several missile launches in order to prove its viability. In the future, it is planned to deploy the silo-based Bastion missile system at its base, ”Interfax reports his words.

A previously informed source said that by 2020, the first silo-based Bastion coastal missile system could be deployed in Crimea, which will use the Yakhont anti-ship missiles and advanced missile options currently being developed.

A source in the power structures of the Crimea said that the combat readiness of two Utes coastal missile systems was confirmed by successful launches of P-35 cruise missiles, RIA Novosti reports.

“It was decided to put on combat duty silo-based Utes coastal missile systems deployed in Crimea back in Soviet times. To confirm the operational readiness of the complexes, P-35 cruise missiles were launched from them as part of a surprise check, which were successful,” he said.

According to him, the Black Sea Fleet now has two Utes silo missile systems, each with two launch containers.

According to open sources, Utes missile systems armed with the P-35 cruise missile are capable of hitting targets at ranges up to 300 kilometers. The flight speed of the P-35 rocket exceeds 2 thousand kilometers per hour, it is equipped with a 560-kilogram high-explosive warhead.

The Bastion coastal missile system with the Oniks anti-ship missile is designed to destroy surface ships of various classes and types in conditions of intense fire and electronic countermeasures. The maximum ammunition load of the complex is 24 cruise missiles. The complex can provide protection against landing operations enemy on the coast with a length of 600 kilometers.

On November 1, Reuters said Russia was reviving abandoned military bases in Crimea. The correspondent of the publication said that he found 18 military facilities on the peninsula.

Half a century ago, several most interesting projects in the field of missile weapons were created in our country for navy. On the basis of existing developments, the P-6 and P-35 missiles were created, intended for submarines and ships, respectively. The P-35 product later became the basis for new coastal missile systems: the Redut mobile system and the Utes stationary system. The latter appeared later than all and, after a number of problems and difficulties, is still in operation.

The creation of the Utes coastal anti-ship tactical complex with P-35B cruise missiles started in 1961 in accordance with a resolution of the Council of Ministers of July 16. This document was required to create a new stationary complex and equip existing bases in the Crimea and on about. Kildin. The Utes system was supposed to be a replacement for the existing Strela complex of a similar purpose, which no longer fully meets modern requirements. It is noteworthy that new complex was supposed to be a replacement for the old one, not only in terms of a tactical role, but also in terms of placement. On the existing complexes "Object 100" and "Object 101" it was required to dismantle the old Strela equipment and install a new type of system for the use of P-35B missiles instead.

Model of the P-35 rocket with holes for demonstrating internal units. In particular, the antenna of the radar seeker is visible. Photo Bastion-karpenko.narod.ru

It is necessary to recall the history of "Object 100" and "Object 101". As part of the creation of the Strela coastal complex with the S-2 missile (due to the high degree of unification, it is often confused with the Sopka mobile system with the same missile or called it a stationary modification), carried out since 1954, several special objects were built in the second half of the fifties. In the middle of 1955, in the Crimea, in the area of ​​Cape Aya, the construction of "Object 100" began. The 95th Specialized Department of Underground Operations of the Black Sea Fleet struck in rock a large number of tunnels and a set of special rooms, which were later placed various means missile complex.

In total, two complexes were built in Crimea, classified as missile divisions. Each of them had two launchers with two missiles each, missile controls, etc. Also inside the mountain were command posts, missile storage facilities, their preparation stations and other premises. All underground structures were connected by posterns. On the surface, there were only a few gates for access to the complex and launcher covers.

The Black Sea Fleet received two missile divisions, each of which had two launchers. One of these complexes was located in the area of ​​the city of Balaklava, the other was built near the village. Reserve. The distance between the two divisions was about 6 km. In the same area, on the mountains of Cape Aya, there was a position radar station detection. An interesting feature of all means of the Strela complex was their location. All objects were located in the mountains at an altitude of 500-600 m above sea level. This hid them from observation from the sea, and to a certain extent increased the range of observation and firing.

June 5, 1957 "Object 100" conducted the first firing using guided missiles C-2. After completion of all checks, on August 30, the complex was put into operation. Its operation was entrusted to the specially formed 362nd Separate Coastal Missile Regiment (OBRP).

Rocket launch on "Object 100". Photo Flot.sevastopol.info

At the end of 1955, the second secret construction began on about. Kildin off the coast of the Murmansk region. The missile base "Object 101", as in the case of the Crimean complex, had two autonomous divisions located in different parts of the island. According to the general structure, the "Object 101" did not differ from the "Object 100", but was built using a different technology. Instead of making tunnels in the rock, it was decided to dig pits of the required size. They built all the necessary bunkers, rooms and terraces, after which the free space was filled with soil and concrete.

The Object 101 was to be operated by the new 616th OBRP, formed in 1957. In the early days of 58, a new missile system was put into operation. In the future, similar bases were not built. "Object 100" and "Object 101", built to accommodate the Strela missile systems, remained the only domestic stationary systems of this class. In the future, priority was given to mobile coastal missile systems that do not need complex and expensive stationary facilities.

In view of the moral obsolescence of the existing S-2 missiles and complexes based on them, in the early sixties, it was decided to transfer two missile bases in the Crimea and on about. Kildin for new weapons. The choice fell on the developed cruise anti-ship missile P-35B. Initially, this product was intended for the Redut mobile coastal complex, but its characteristics made it possible to operate on stationary systems.

A promising stationary complex received symbol"Cliff". Its development was entrusted to OKB-52 under the leadership of V.N. Chelomeya. This organization has developed a number of anti-ship missiles, including the P-35. Thus, the creation of a new complex was entrusted to the design bureau, already working on a rocket for it: the Redut and P-35B projects started back in 1960.

Scheme of the missile division as part of "Object 100" and "Object 101". Figure Erlata.ru

As part of the Utes complex, it was proposed to use the P-35B missile. This product was further development ideas embodied in older designs from the mid-fifties. The missile was designed to attack large surface targets and had the appropriate technical design, as well as a special algorithm for the operation of guidance systems.

All the main units of the rocket were placed inside the fuselage about 10 m long, equipped with a pointed head fairing and a protruding air intake under the bottom. An important feature of the P-35B rocket and its predecessors was the use of a folding wing. In the transport position, the consoles turned down, reducing the transverse dimension of the product to 1.6 m. After leaving the launch container, the wing had to unfold independently and acquire a span of 2.6 m.

The power plant of the rocket was located in the rear fuselage. Its main element was the K7-300 turbojet propulsion engine with a thrust of 2180 kg. Also, the rocket had to carry a detachable launch block in the form of two solid fuel engines thrust of 18.3 tons. After running out of fuel, they had to be dumped. Also in the tail of the rocket, small elevators and a keel were provided, located under the fuselage. The latter had a rudder.

Launch complex of the destroyed 1st division "Object 100". Photo jalita.com

For aiming at the target, the P-35B missile was supposed to use combined equipment. The exit to the target area should have been carried out using an inertial navigation system when flying at an altitude of up to 4-7 km. At a given distance from the target, an active radar homing head with a sighting mode should have been connected to work. With its help, the rocket was supposed to observe the target area and search for objects located there, transmitting data about them to the operator. The task of the latter was to select a target for independent guidance of the missile. After determining the target and capturing it, the rocket had to complete the attack on its own, without the participation of the operator.

The defeat of the selected object was to be carried out using a high-explosive or special warhead weighing up to 1000 kg. The power of a nuclear warhead at the same time reached 350 kt, which made it possible to destroy both the target and the ships next to it.

The P-35B rocket without a starting block and fuel for the main engine weighed about 2.33 tons. The launch weight reached 5300 kg, including the 800-kg starting engine. The rocket had the ability to rise to a height of up to 7 km and reach speeds of up to 1600 km / h. The exact flight parameters were determined in accordance with the chosen flight program, however, the final section in all cases had to pass at an altitude of 100 m. This did not interfere with the correct targeting, but seriously hampered the timely detection and destruction of an incoming missile.

To launch a missile from a coastal firing position, a special set of tools was developed, in which developments were used under the Strela project and the P-35 ship-based missile. The P-35B missile launcher was created on the basis of the SM-70 shipborne system and was a simplified version of it. Instead of four containers for missiles on common ground with rotary mechanisms there were now two. The containers provided guides for the movement of the rocket and other necessary equipment. During storage, the rocket was protected by movable covers that were lifted before launch.

A pool formed at the site of the launcher. Photo jalita.com

Launchers of a new type should have been mounted on lifting devices similar to those used in the Strela. Before the launch of the rocket, the launch complex had to open a movable protected roof, ensuring the rise of the launcher. On the surface, the launcher had to open the covers and rise with an elevation of + 15 °. After that, missiles could be launched. After launch, the installation should have been returned to the underground hall for recharging.

The Utes complex included various means for storing, transporting and servicing missiles. So, to load the launcher, the P-35B rocket had to be supplied from the warehouse (rooms with racks for 32 rockets) using a special cart with an electric motor. On a trolley, it was proposed to deliver the rocket to the refueling point, and then place it in the launcher. All maintenance operations of the complex could be carried out by calculation without going to the surface.

The coastal complex "Utes" has retained some elements of its predecessor. So, it was proposed to monitor the protected area and search for targets using the Mys radar station, which was already used with the Strela complex. Some other units were also unified. The use of the Mys radar station allowed the new complex to fire P-35B missiles at a range of up to 270-300 km. In the mid-sixties, a third-party target designation complex was adopted using several types of aircraft and helicopters. The use of aircraft problem solving long-range reconnaissance and relaying of radio signals, made it possible to increase the firing range of missiles to 450-460 km.

Covers of the launcher of the surviving 2nd division "Object 100". Photo Bastion-opk.ru

When developing the Utes project, the main features of the previous stationary complex were taken into account, however, in some cases, significant improvements had to be made to the finished objects. These and other difficulties eventually had a negative impact on the complexity of the work and on the timing of the modernization of existing coastal missile bases.

In the early autumn of 1964, specialists from industry and the Black Sea Fleet began the reconstruction and modernization of the "Object 100". All unnecessary facilities of the existing Strela were removed from the underground structures of the 2nd Missile Division (near the village of Reserve), after which some structures were rebuilt in accordance with the dimensions of the new systems and other differences of the Utes complex. A little later, similar work started at the facilities of the 1st division. The reconstruction of the existing structures in the mountainous soil turned out to be quite a difficult task, which is why the builders did not manage to enter the established schedule.

After numerous difficulties and a shift in deadlines, the specialists still managed to complete the installation of the first Utes complex. All necessary work ended by early 1971. On May 28, the first test launch of the P-35B missile for a training target took place. The missile flew 200 km and successfully hit the target. At the end of April 1972, after six test launches, the "Object 100" was introduced into the permanent readiness forces. About a year later, by a decision of the Council of Ministers, it was officially put into operation.

Due to the difficulties inherent in the service in the North, the rearmament of the "Object 101" dragged on even more. The first division of the 616th Separate Coastal Missile Regiment received all the new equipment only by 1976. The re-equipment of the 2nd division was completed after the completion of work on the 1st. Thus, he was able to start a full-fledged service using new weapons only in the early eighties. Nevertheless, despite all the difficulties, the task was successfully solved: both stationary missile bases were completely transferred to a new complex with modern missiles with improved performance.

One of the Object 101 launchers. Due to lack of maintenance and the harsh climate, the lid collapsed and fell inward. Photo Urban3p.ru

By the time the work on the modernization of the base on about. Kildin adopted a new 3M44 Progress missile, which was an updated version of the P-35B. With the maximum external similarity, this product differed from the base one by the use of a large number of new components and assemblies that had a positive effect on its characteristics. In connection with the advent of new missiles, all systems that previously used the P-35 and P-35B began to switch to Progress. Thus, by the mid-eighties, "Object 100" and "Object 101" could use both P-35B and 3M44. Interestingly, due to the lengthy work, the 2nd division of the 616th OBRP, after modernization, received Progress missiles from the very beginning.

After returning to service, two coastal missile systems of the Black Sea and Northern Fleets repeatedly participated in combat training activities with firing at target ships. In addition, from a certain time, these complexes began to provide training for anti-aircraft gunners. In a number of exercises, missiles of the P-35 family were used as targets for shipborne anti-aircraft systems. It is with this operation that a very curious review of the rocket is connected. After such exercises, Admiral I.V. Kasatonov called the P-35B missile a flying tank, since it continued to fly even after two anti-aircraft missiles were blown up.

Full-fledged training and combat work of two separate coastal missile regiments continued until the early nineties. Decay Soviet Union and the problems of a political and economic nature that followed it seriously hit the Utes complexes. So, "Object 100" last launched a rocket in September 1993, after which it stood idle for several years. As part of the agreement on the division of the Black Sea Fleet in 1996, the complex was transferred to the Ukrainian side. According to some reports, in 1997 the new owners were even able to make one training launch of a rocket, after which no serious measures were taken. Not being able to operate the Crimean base, the Ukrainian Navy took some actions that led to negative consequences.

The 1st division, located near Balaklava, was disbanded at the beginning of the 2000s. Left without maintenance and without protection, the object was looted. At present, it is a harsh and sad sight: the equipment has disappeared or been destroyed, and real ponds with stagnant water have formed under the open covers of the halls with launchers. Restoration and further operation of the facility is not possible. Probably, the former position of the 1st division of the 342nd OBRP will remain a crumbling monument to a unique complex.

Training layout of the P-35B rocket on about. Kildin. Photo Urban3p.ru

The 2nd division was more successful. The new owners, who did not have the opportunity to exploit it, carried out conservation. Later, the object was partially returned to service and opened to tourists. According to the latest data, after the return of Crimea to Russia, specialists from the Black Sea Fleet carried out all necessary procedures, according to the results of which the Utes complex can again be used by the fleet. Now it complements the grouping of coastal missile troops and artillery.

"Object 101" continued to serve until 1995. Despite all the problems, the 616th OBRP carried out its tasks and defended the northern sea borders of the country. However, in the summer of 1995, the command decided to abandon the further operation of the last Utes complex. The Ministry of Defense disbanded the regiment, and by the end of the year the entire personnel went to the "mainland", leaving all the means of the missile system on the island.

The coast of the Kola Peninsula and about. Kildin shares a relatively narrow strait, which affected the fate of the remaining missile system. Scrap metal hunters appeared on the island, which in a relatively short terms managed to inflict critical damage on the Utes. In addition, the severe northern climate negatively affected the state of the complex. As a result, only rusty remains remained on the island. special equipment and crumbling structures with peeling paint. A certain popularity among tourists visiting the island is the model of the P-35B rocket used in educational purposes. It is hardly worth specifying that the condition of this product, as well as the complex as a whole, leaves much to be desired.

Coastal missile systems "Utes" have a difficult fate. The Object 101 complex did not survive the difficult nineties. "Object 100", in turn, suffered significant losses, but after a long downtime, he returned to service and can again solve the assigned tasks. Thanks to the specialists of the Black Sea Fleet, who returned it to work, the country again received a reliable means of protecting the southern sea frontiers. Having sufficiently high performance, the Crimean Utes complex can still continue to serve, complementing newer and more advanced systems.

Half a century ago, several most interesting projects in the field of missile weapons for the navy were created in our country. On the basis of existing developments, the P-6 and P-35 missiles were created, intended for submarines and ships, respectively. The P-35 product later became the basis for new coastal missile systems: the Redut mobile system and the Utes stationary system. The latter appeared later than all and, after a number of problems and difficulties, is still in operation.

The creation of the Utes coastal anti-ship tactical complex with P-35B cruise missiles started in 1961 in accordance with a resolution of the Council of Ministers of July 16. This document was required to create a new stationary complex and equip existing bases in the Crimea and on about. Kildin. The Utes system was supposed to be a replacement for the existing Strela complex of a similar purpose, which no longer fully meets modern requirements. It is noteworthy that the new complex was supposed to be a replacement for the old one, not only in terms of a tactical role, but also in terms of placement. On the existing complexes "Object 100" and "Object 101" it was required to dismantle the old Strela equipment and install a new type of system for the use of P-35B missiles instead.

Model of the P-35 rocket with holes for demonstrating internal units. In particular, the antenna of the radar seeker is visible. Photo Bastion-karpenko.narod.ru

It is necessary to recall the history of "Object 100" and "Object 101". As part of the creation of the Strela coastal complex with the S-2 missile (due to the high degree of unification, it is often confused with the Sopka mobile system with the same missile or called it a stationary modification), carried out since 1954, several special objects were built in the second half of the fifties. In the middle of 1955, in the Crimea, in the area of ​​Cape Aya, the construction of "Object 100" began. The 95th Specialized Department of Underground Operations of the Black Sea Fleet pierced a large number of tunnels in the rock and a set of special rooms, in which various means of the missile system were subsequently placed.

In total, two complexes were built in Crimea, classified as missile divisions. Each of them had two launchers with two missiles each, missile controls, etc. Also inside the mountain were command posts, missile storage facilities, their preparation stations and other premises. All underground structures were connected by posterns. On the surface, there were only a few gates for access to the complex and launcher covers.

The Black Sea Fleet received two missile divisions, each of which had two launchers. One of these complexes was located in the area of ​​the city of Balaklava, the other was built near the village. Reserve. The distance between the two divisions was about 6 km. In the same area, on the mountains of Cape Aya, there was a position of a radar detection station. An interesting feature of all the facilities of the Strela complex was their location. All objects were located in the mountains at an altitude of 500-600 m above sea level. This hid them from observation from the sea, and to a certain extent increased the range of observation and firing.

June 5, 1957 "Object 100" conducted the first firing using guided missiles C-2. After completion of all checks, on August 30, the complex was put into operation. Its operation was entrusted to the specially formed 362nd Separate Coastal Missile Regiment (OBRP).

Rocket launch on "Object 100". Photo Flot.sevastopol.info

At the end of 1955, the second secret construction began on about. Kildin off the coast of the Murmansk region. The missile base "Object 101", as in the case of the Crimean complex, had two autonomous divisions located in different parts of the island. According to the general structure, the "Object 101" did not differ from the "Object 100", but was built using a different technology. Instead of making tunnels in the rock, it was decided to dig pits of the required size. They built all the necessary bunkers, rooms and terraces, after which the free space was filled with soil and concrete.

The Object 101 was to be operated by the new 616th OBRP, formed in 1957. In the early days of 58, a new missile system was put into operation. In the future, similar bases were not built. "Object 100" and "Object 101", built to accommodate the Strela missile systems, remained the only domestic stationary systems of this class. In the future, priority was given to mobile coastal missile systems that do not need complex and expensive stationary facilities.

In view of the moral obsolescence of the existing S-2 missiles and complexes based on them, in the early sixties, it was decided to transfer two missile bases in the Crimea and on about. Kildin for new weapons. The choice fell on the developed cruise anti-ship missile P-35B. Initially, this product was intended for the Redut mobile coastal complex, but its characteristics made it possible to operate on stationary systems.

A promising stationary complex received the symbol "Cliff". Its development was entrusted to OKB-52 under the leadership of V.N. Chelomeya. This organization has developed a number of anti-ship missiles, including the P-35. Thus, the creation of a new complex was entrusted to the design bureau, already working on a rocket for it: the Redut and P-35B projects started back in 1960.

Scheme of the missile division as part of "Object 100" and "Object 101". Figure Erlata.ru

As part of the Utes complex, it was proposed to use the P-35B missile. This product was a further development of the ideas embodied in older projects of the mid-fifties. The missile was designed to attack large surface targets and had the appropriate technical design, as well as a special algorithm for the operation of guidance systems.

All the main units of the rocket were placed inside the fuselage about 10 m long, equipped with a pointed head fairing and a protruding air intake under the bottom. An important feature of the P-35B rocket and its predecessors was the use of a folding wing. In the transport position, the consoles turned down, reducing the transverse dimension of the product to 1.6 m. After leaving the launch container, the wing had to unfold independently and acquire a span of 2.6 m.

The power plant of the rocket was located in the rear fuselage. Its main element was the K7-300 turbojet propulsion engine with a thrust of 2180 kg. Also, the rocket had to carry a detachable launch block in the form of two solid-propellant engines with a thrust of 18.3 tons. After running out of fuel, they had to be dropped. Also in the tail of the rocket, small elevators and a keel were provided, located under the fuselage. The latter had a rudder.

Launch complex of the destroyed 1st division "Object 100". Photo jalita.com

For aiming at the target, the P-35B missile was supposed to use combined equipment. The exit to the target area should have been carried out using an inertial navigation system when flying at an altitude of up to 4-7 km. At a given distance from the target, an active radar homing head with a sighting mode should have been connected to work. With its help, the rocket was supposed to observe the target area and search for objects located there, transmitting data about them to the operator. The task of the latter was to select a target for independent guidance of the missile. After determining the target and capturing it, the rocket had to complete the attack on its own, without the participation of the operator.

The defeat of the selected object was to be carried out using a high-explosive or special warhead weighing up to 1000 kg. The power of a nuclear warhead at the same time reached 350 kt, which made it possible to destroy both the target and the ships next to it.

The P-35B rocket without a starting block and fuel for the main engine weighed about 2.33 tons. The launch weight reached 5300 kg, including the 800-kg starting engine. The rocket had the ability to rise to a height of up to 7 km and reach speeds of up to 1600 km / h. The exact flight parameters were determined in accordance with the chosen flight program, however, the final section in all cases had to pass at an altitude of 100 m. This did not interfere with the correct targeting, but seriously hampered the timely detection and destruction of an incoming missile.

To launch a missile from a coastal firing position, a special set of tools was developed, in which developments were used under the Strela project and the P-35 ship-based missile. The P-35B missile launcher was created on the basis of the SM-70 shipborne system and was a simplified version of it. Instead of four containers for missiles on a common base with rotary mechanisms, there were now two. The containers provided guides for the movement of the rocket and other necessary equipment. During storage, the rocket was protected by movable covers that were lifted before launch.

A pool formed at the site of the launcher. Photo jalita.com

Launchers of a new type should have been mounted on lifting devices similar to those used in the Strela. Before the launch of the rocket, the launch complex had to open a movable protected roof, ensuring the rise of the launcher. On the surface, the launcher had to open the covers and rise with an elevation of + 15 °. After that, missiles could be launched. After launch, the installation should have been returned to the underground hall for recharging.

The Utes complex included various means for storing, transporting and servicing missiles. So, to load the launcher, the P-35B rocket had to be supplied from the warehouse (rooms with racks for 32 rockets) using a special cart with an electric motor. On a trolley, it was proposed to deliver the rocket to the refueling point, and then place it in the launcher. All maintenance operations of the complex could be carried out by calculation without going to the surface.

The coastal complex "Utes" has retained some elements of its predecessor. So, it was proposed to monitor the protected area and search for targets using the Mys radar station, which was already used with the Strela complex. Some other units were also unified. The use of the Mys radar station allowed the new complex to fire P-35B missiles at a range of up to 270-300 km. In the mid-sixties, a third-party target designation complex was adopted using several types of aircraft and helicopters. The use of aircraft, solving the problem of long-range reconnaissance and relaying radio signals, made it possible to increase the range of missiles to 450-460 km.

Covers of the launcher of the surviving 2nd division "Object 100". Photo Bastion-opk.ru

When developing the Utes project, the main features of the previous stationary complex were taken into account, however, in some cases, significant improvements had to be made to the finished objects. These and other difficulties eventually had a negative impact on the complexity of the work and on the timing of the modernization of existing coastal missile bases.

In the early autumn of 1964, specialists from industry and the Black Sea Fleet began the reconstruction and modernization of the "Object 100". All unnecessary facilities of the existing Strela were removed from the underground structures of the 2nd Missile Division (near the village of Reserve), after which some structures were rebuilt in accordance with the dimensions of the new systems and other differences of the Utes complex. A little later, similar work started at the facilities of the 1st division. The reconstruction of the existing structures in the mountainous soil turned out to be quite a difficult task, which is why the builders did not manage to enter the established schedule.

After numerous difficulties and a shift in deadlines, the specialists still managed to complete the installation of the first Utes complex. All necessary work was completed by the beginning of 1971. On May 28, the first test launch of the P-35B missile for a training target took place. The missile flew 200 km and successfully hit the target. At the end of April 1972, after six test launches, the "Object 100" was introduced into the permanent readiness forces. About a year later, by a decision of the Council of Ministers, it was officially put into operation.

Due to the difficulties inherent in the service in the North, the rearmament of the "Object 101" dragged on even more. The first division of the 616th Separate Coastal Missile Regiment received all the new equipment only by 1976. The re-equipment of the 2nd division was completed after the completion of work on the 1st. Thus, he was able to start a full-fledged service using new weapons only in the early eighties. Nevertheless, despite all the difficulties, the task was successfully solved: both stationary missile bases were completely transferred to a new complex with modern missiles with improved performance.

One of the Object 101 launchers. Due to lack of maintenance and the harsh climate, the lid collapsed and fell inward. Photo Urban3p.ru

By the time the work on the modernization of the base on about. Kildin adopted a new 3M44 Progress missile, which was an updated version of the P-35B. With the maximum external similarity, this product differed from the base one by the use of a large number of new components and assemblies that had a positive effect on its characteristics. In connection with the advent of new missiles, all systems that previously used the P-35 and P-35B began to switch to Progress. Thus, by the mid-eighties, "Object 100" and "Object 101" could use both P-35B and 3M44. Interestingly, due to the lengthy work, the 2nd division of the 616th OBRP, after modernization, received Progress missiles from the very beginning.

After returning to service, two coastal missile systems of the Black Sea and Northern Fleets repeatedly participated in combat training activities with firing at target ships. In addition, from a certain time, these complexes began to provide training for anti-aircraft gunners. In a number of exercises, missiles of the P-35 family were used as targets for shipborne anti-aircraft systems. It is with this operation that a very curious review of the rocket is connected. After such exercises, Admiral I.V. Kasatonov called the P-35B missile a flying tank, since it continued to fly even after two anti-aircraft missiles were blown up.

Full-fledged training and combat work of two separate coastal missile regiments continued until the early nineties. The collapse of the Soviet Union and the political and economic problems that followed it seriously hit the Utes complexes. So, "Object 100" last launched a rocket in September 1993, after which it stood idle for several years. As part of the agreement on the division of the Black Sea Fleet in 1996, the complex was transferred to the Ukrainian side. According to some reports, in 1997 the new owners were even able to make one training launch of a rocket, after which no serious measures were taken. Not being able to operate the Crimean base, the Ukrainian Navy took some actions that led to negative consequences.

The 1st division, located near Balaklava, was disbanded at the beginning of the 2000s. Left without maintenance and without protection, the object was looted. At present, it is a harsh and sad sight: the equipment has disappeared or been destroyed, and real ponds with stagnant water have formed under the open covers of the halls with launchers. Restoration and further operation of the facility is not possible. Probably, the former position of the 1st division of the 342nd OBRP will remain a crumbling monument to a unique complex.

Training layout of the P-35B rocket on about. Kildin. Photo Urban3p.ru

The 2nd division was more successful. The new owners, who did not have the opportunity to exploit it, carried out conservation. Later, the object was partially returned to service and opened to tourists. According to the latest data, after the return of Crimea to Russia, the specialists of the Black Sea Fleet carried out all the necessary procedures, as a result of which the Utes complex can again be used by the fleet. Now it complements the grouping of coastal missile forces and artillery.

"Object 101" continued to serve until 1995. Despite all the problems, the 616th OBRP carried out its tasks and defended the northern sea borders of the country. However, in the summer of 1995, the command decided to abandon the further operation of the last Utes complex. The Ministry of Defense disbanded the regiment, and by the end of the year, all personnel went to the "mainland", leaving all the means of the missile system on the island.

The coast of the Kola Peninsula and about. Kildin shares a relatively narrow strait, which affected the fate of the remaining missile system. Scrap metal hunters appeared on the island, who managed to inflict critical damage on the Utes in a relatively short time. In addition, the severe northern climate negatively affected the state of the complex. As a result, only the rusty remains of special equipment and crumbling structures with peeling paint remained on the island. A certain popularity among tourists visiting the island is the model of the P-35B missile, which was used for training purposes. It is hardly worth specifying that the condition of this product, as well as the complex as a whole, leaves much to be desired.

Coastal missile systems "Utes" have a difficult fate. The Object 101 complex did not survive the difficult nineties. "Object 100", in turn, suffered significant losses, but after a long downtime, he returned to service and can again solve the assigned tasks. Thanks to the specialists of the Black Sea Fleet, who returned it to work, the country again received a reliable means of protecting the southern sea frontiers. Having sufficiently high performance, the Crimean Utes complex can still continue to serve, complementing newer and more advanced systems.

According to materials:
http://flot.sevastopol.info/
http://bratishka.ru/
http://kildin.ru/
http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/
http://bastion-opk.ru/
Shirokorad A.B. Weapons of the national fleet. 1945-2000. - Minsk: "Harvest", 2001

Detailed photo review of the destroyed "Object 101":
http://lana-sator.livejournal.com/209537.html

Moscow. November 18th. site - The division of the mine coastal missile system "Utes" has been restored in the Crimea, a source familiar with the situation told Interfax on Friday.

"It is assumed that the revived complex will conduct several missile launches in order to prove its viability. In the future, it is planned to deploy a silo-based Bastion missile system at its base," the source said.

Complex "Bastion"

A previously informed source said that the first silo-based Bastion coastal missile system could be deployed in Crimea by 2020.

"It will use both the currently existing anti-ship Yakhonts and the promising versions of missiles currently being developed that will be capable of destroying any target located in the Black Sea," the agency's interlocutor said.

According to him, the mine method of deploying the "Bastion" will significantly increase the combat stability of the complex.

"Stationary basing will make an irreversible strike of retaliation against any ship that invades the territorial waters of the Russian Black Sea," the source said.

He noted that the stationary "Bastion" will be able to use unmanned aircrafts and underwater sonar systems. The mine will be able to withstand excessive pressure in the front shock wave force up to 20 kgf / cm 2.

The mobile coastal missile system "Bastion" with a unified supersonic homing anti-ship missile 3M55 "Yakhont" was developed and manufactured by NPO Mashinostroeniya (part of the Tactical Missiles Corporation).

The Bastion complex is designed to protect the sea coast with a length of over 600 km and destroy surface ships of various classes and types operating as part of landing formations, convoys, ship and aircraft carrier strike groups, as well as single ships and ground radio-contrast targets in conditions of intense fire and electronic countermeasures.

The ammunition load of one complex can include up to 36 Yakhont missiles. The missile has an over-the-horizon firing range. It implements the principle of "shot - forgot."

"Yakhont" is capable of hitting targets at a distance of 300 km and carrying a warhead weighing more than 200 kg. The rocket is distinguished by complete autonomy combat use, high supersonic speed in all flight segments, the ability to select different trajectories (low-altitude and combined), as well as complete unification for a wide range of marine, aviation and ground carriers.

This year my vacation fell on the first half of August, and I could not refuse the offer of old friends to take part in another exciting trip to the northern regions of the European part of our country - this time not only to Murmansk, but also to Arkhangelsk region.
The main point of the program was a four-day visit to the island of Kildin in the Barents Sea - probably, this adventure should be told in its entirety, in a separate entry - but it is more convenient for me to do this later in order to be able to give links to scattered material on specific points of view.

And in this post, I would like to show you what is left of two divisions of the Utyos anti-ship coastal missile system - a large-scale and almost unique object. military history built in the 1950s. Almost - because a similar complex was also built on the Black Sea, and, fortunately, is still in operation.
And here, in the north, his days are numbered, but the condition of the structures is still of interest.

In the photo - a mass-dimensional model of the P-35 cruise anti-ship missile. It was for such missiles that the complex was designed in the last years of its life, after another modernization in the 80s, and until 1995, when the missile regiment left the island.

To protect the sea coast on the approaches to the Kola Peninsula in 1955, an underground coastal-based missile system with a range of up to 100 km, called "Object 101", began to be created on Kildin West. A similar "Object 100" began to be built in 1954 near Sevastopol. In 1957, the 616th Separate Coastal Missile Regiment (OBRP) was formed and new infrastructure began to be created to ensure the life and activities of the regiment. In fact, 616 obrp became the "city-forming" enterprise on Kildin for long years. The missile system has been modernized several times during its service. In 1995, the 616th brigade left Kildin. Together with him, the whole era of the development of the island went down in history ... More details can be found here http://www.kildin.ru/616.html
In the review under the cut - pictures of the territories of two divisions: underground launchers, a command post and a diesel power plant, as well as the remains of a rocket.

There is a lot of material, so the photos are small in size - but you can poke at each one and view it in the album.

The military in Soviet times spared no expense and effort to develop and build an incredible variety of structures, and they practically had no limits to these funds, as well as resources. But there was a big and important goal - to place the infrastructure so that it would be more difficult for a potential enemy to notice and reconnoiter.
Therefore, everything that was possible and impossible was hidden underground - including in hot deserts, gloomy swamps and the northern tundra. Mother Earth will endure everything, and solid granite will crack one way or another under the onslaught of army efforts.
I remember how 6 years ago I was impressed by military roads for rocket carriers near Kozelsk (Kaluga region) - straight, wide, laid either across (and through) high hills, or along man-made embankments up to the level of treetops ... "two soldiers from a construction battalion replace an excavator" - but I could not even imagine that roads on soft ground are simple and ordinary, but somewhere in the north extensive underground shelters and warehouses cut in stone.

We decided to dedicate the first day to the inspection of the eastern division - the farthest from the point of our parking lot (in the village of Verkhny Kildin). We had to walk about 7 kilometers in each direction - the relief of the island is hilly, so it took more time for a walk than it takes to overcome similar distances around the city.

We walked to the western division the next day - it turned out to be much closer to go, and the weather was again pleasing. We were generally lucky with the weather - it only rained on the evening of arrival on the island, but in the following days the sun spoiled us, the thunder bypassed us, and the fogs delighted us.

Each division includes two twin launchers, underground storage facilities and technical rooms attached to them, as well as a diesel power plant and a command post. In the eastern (far) position, the command post was better preserved than in the western (near), but the diesel one was the opposite. The condition of the launchers is approximately the same, however, a whole crowd of transport carts has been preserved in the close division.
Therefore, the post contains pictures from both sites - with the loss of chronology, but with an attempt to preserve the logic of the inspection.

From afar, each site looks like a faintly visible group of small buildings, to which roads marked with barrels lead. Once upon a time, a long pole stuck out of each barrel - this is so that the road can be seen even when covered with snow.

What's left of the checkpoint

The elements of the site are quite scattered on the ground - first of all, the eye falls on the mounds with antenna bases sticking out above them. Once upon a time, radar petals were deployed on these bases, but they were dragged to the metal.
There is a lot of metal here, but there are still some blacksmiths (they work in an agreement with warriors), so the objects of inspection disappear over time.

Inside each mound is a small room, dull and empty

Here you can also see a large number of such hatches, under which small chambers with exits and cable connections

And on the site you can find such a firing point - and part-time emergency exit from the command post

Inside the more preserved command post, the destruction is hefty, and the atmosphere is gloomy - someone tore apart the equipment and burned the cables right on the spot, which is why the walls and ceilings are covered with soot

The command post is a long corridor with rooms on one side of it.

The best preserved ventilation

And even here, in absolute darkness, something is trying to grow - albeit out of shit

Main entrance-exit from the checkpoint

The next object of inspection is diesel.
The stand-alone underground structure is distinguished by characteristic ground elements - air intake and exhaust ventilation shafts.

Inside - flooded and destroyed, but very cool

In a closet at the very entrance: a bed, an urn, a guitar...

Transition between the control room and the generator room - the water level above and near the raised floor is visible

Diesels of 0.5 megawatts are heavily dismantled - metal hunters removed copper

And an emergency exit through the ventilation shaft (you can see the level of flooding - along the upper handle of the hermetic shutter)

Well, the main links of the sites are, of course, launchers. As I already wrote, they are paired, and there are two pairs in each division. Outside, the launcher is covered with a lid that could move to the side

At the far division, one of the covers began to be cut into metal - and it collapsed inside. Now the "metalworkers" are dumping garbage there, it looks disgusting - but the launcher itself is visible - once it could rise from there at the required angle, and also change direction in a full circle

You can, of course, go straight there and get down - but it's better to use a civilized entrance

There is a garage behind the right gate.

One of these garages even has a car

But the garage is of little interest to us - so we go to the main room. There is water and fog emitted by a snowdrift melting in the middle of the hall

Can you imagine - a snowdrift in August? Big. I think he will never melt here - in winter he will only pour again.

Behind the side doors of the first compartment there are all sorts of technical rooms, control rooms and the remains of ventilation

A bunch of aggregates associated with high pressure

But of greatest interest are the main halls, where the rockets were stored before launch. These halls are cut off from outside world powerful doors

On the floor and in the wall you can see tricky niches - these are devices for rolling empty carts to the end of the queue

Well, carts, of course. They are of two types - massive ones for supplying equipped missiles to the launcher, and smaller ones - for transportation and storage. There are only a couple of them in this bunker.

But in the bunker near another launcher, you can assemble a whole train of them

And here is the steam launcher

Another is different in color

A small local diesel engine - in one starting state its terrible

But the launcher with a collapsed lid

Here you can see another protective door, which is partially extended.

This door is able to move into a niche behind the wall, completely freeing the passage. Here is this niche: compressed air cylinders are located here

Another curious two-level room is the pump room.

Somewhere survived such a gas van

This picture shows where the snowdrift comes from - it sweeps through the light window in the roof of the outer compartment

Finally, we will get out into the light and inspect the territory. Here you can find booster blocks from rockets