The term "Draft Design" is misleading due to its frivolity and association with the artist's sketching, which often leads to bewilderment: why preliminary design it costs so much - is it a sketch, pictures?

In fact, this is a sketch and a draft design are diametrically different things, although they are of the same root, hence the confusion.

first thing

Draft design is a common term. This is a set of detailed documentation - schemes for the planning organization of the site, floor plans, sections, facades, principal assemblies and structural details, visualizations of the house. It shows the fundamental decisions of the building, giving an idea of ​​its structure and functioning.

It is even possible to build according to a detailed draft design. But in general, a draft design is a technical task for a working project. Do you remember the importance of technical specifications?

A good preliminary design is not a picture out of touch with life, but, on the contrary, a very individual and detailed product. Its development was preceded by - an analysis of the wishes and needs of the customer and linking them to reality (type of site, norms, permitted standards), analysis of the site and its planning organization, circuit diagrams functional program.

Second main

Draft design is not "inventing" appearance houses and not drawing facades. This is the documentation for your individual “living machine”, in which each system of the functioning of the house is considered in dynamics, and the space is strictly subordinated to the logic of the household processes taking place in it. All this is reflected in the structure of plans, sections and facades.

What do we pay for in the Draft Project?

I read different opinions about the role of EP in the project.

The reality is this: in Russia, the labor of architects and designers has been cheaper for some time due to the subsidence of the market - demand was low, the vast majority of land owners are independent developers. In all honesty, even in commercial design, a preliminary design is still the cheapest part, “luring” a client in order to later sell him design and working documentation, which is much more expensive. In Russian architectural firms, architects bring the least profit not because they do the least (just the opposite), but because the underdeveloped market determines the low cost of their services. Inside the bureau, in fact, their work is paid by subsidies from designers and engineers to whom they brought a client. That is, the bureau earns not on architectural solutions (the client has not yet matured to understand the key importance of ES and is not ready to pay a lot), but on design and working documentation and then distribute the profit.
In Russia, for the customer, a preliminary design costs about 10% of the cost of the entire project for small projects and 5% for large ones. commercial projects(everything is included in the cost of the entire project, until the delivery of documentation to the builders), and if we count together with the construction inspection, then in general it will turn out 1% .

For interest, the experience of other markets: according to the Honorarordnung für Architekten und Ingenieure (a document in Germany that regulates the order and phases of the work of an architect), the Draft Design is a combination of the first three phases: Grundlagenermittlung (Architect's Basic Proposals), Vorplanung (preliminary planning) and Entwurfsplanung (Draft Design). Their cost from the entire project, including construction control and elimination of imperfections at the finished facility, is 3% + 7% + 11%, that is, in total 21% .

Why such a difference and who is right? Of course, the degree of elaboration of a preliminary design varies, some bureaus include the development of fundamental structures, for example, glazing units, in it, some do not. Sometimes a draft design is so detailed that you can build on it, but it is still called a "sketch".
Nevertheless, if you think about where the draft design will go next, its complexity becomes clear: this is the stage at which constructive and interior solutions have already been determined by 80-90%. That is, the project is specified, finalized, but fundamentally nothing changes.

A draft design is called a package design documentation created at the development stage automated system. The purpose of creating these documents is to establish fundamental, constructive solutions, to present them to get acquainted with the principles of operation and the structure of the system being developed. Also, this project may consider several options for the ACS device.

A draft design for an automated system is developed before technical project or with him. This documentation may not be drawn up if it cannot provide any new data - its necessity is established by the technical task.

Development of a draft design

Preliminary design software product or an automated system is developed in accordance with the following steps:

Decomposition of AS into complexes and development of architectural solutions
At this stage, the level of automation is selected. Similar systems are analyzed. The scheme of interaction between the operator and the system is selected, algorithms and data processing processes are evaluated. Based on the results of this stage of the development of a preliminary design, more accurate requirements for the NPP are obtained, as well as a functional external specification of its complexes.
Development of the operating environment or requirements for it
At this stage, the requirements for the configuration of the equipment and the operating environment are drawn up, the operating system is selected
Development of methods for analyzing the quality of the system, with corresponding performance metrics qualitative assessment required for testing
Planning the prospects for creating automated control systems
On this stage the main concepts of development technologies are selected, the requirements for software are specified, a database for automation and control of work is created, and an explanatory note is being drawn up.

List of draft design documents

The draft design for an automated system, according to GOST 34.201-89, consists of such documentation as:

Statement of ES
Explanatory note
Structural diagram of a complex of technical facilities
Functional diagram of the structure of an automated control system
List of tasks compiled for the development of special additional technical means
Automation scheme
Terms of reference for the development of additional technical means.

• The plan of the site, divided into functional zones, is called foreskiz.
• Garden zoning- this is the basis for future design work, it is zoning that allows us to present the author's idea for organizing landscape gardening space. The foresketch displays the front area, recreation areas, road and path network, water bodies, children's and sports grounds, the location of small architectural forms and green areas of a garden or park.
• An excellent way of visualization are included in the preliminary design perspective images of key viewpoints garden or park. Viewpoint sketches develop sketch design ideas landscape design- provide visibility and the most detailed display of design ideas.
• Separate elements of landscape design are contained in composition sketches, revealing the details of the most significant elements. Compositional sketches are an artistic representation of the IAF, decorative compositions, buildings, garden furniture, etc. A compositional sketch is an architectural technique used to further detail the most significant elements of garden design.
• 3d design allows you to display the future landscape design of the site in a three-dimensional, three-dimensional version. Manufactured using professional computer programs, 3D sketch models can be made in sufficient detail, and cover an unlimited number of viewpoints. 3d design allows you to visually present to the customer all the ideas of a landscape architect.
• General plan- this is the final sketch design of a garden or park. The master plan for the landscape design of the site is drawn up when the customer has familiarized himself with all the options for the draft design, made the choice of the style of the garden, and approved his final decision on the organization of the landscape gardening space. Only after the approval of the General Plan it becomes possible to clarify the assortment of plants.
• The master plan allows you to complete the main stage of approvals, and proceed to the detailed design.

As a rule, the specialists of the Garden Labyrinth prepare two versions of the preliminary design, and provide the customer with a choice between them. As a result, one of the solutions forms the basis of a draft design.

Our clients always have a choice - to approve one of the options, to approve a mixed option or to propose a new vision of garden design. It is the competent visualization of the author's ideas that makes it possible to put an end to the issue of choice. Without a draft visualization of the project, it is quite difficult to achieve harmony between the initial ideas of the customer and the real possibilities for their implementation.

What does the landscape design of the site look like on the sketch?

A draft landscape design project is a professionally executed site plan with a top view. All elements of landscape design are applied to the sheet with a sufficient degree of detail. For elements that require a more detailed representation, separate sketches and drawings are created, which are included in the general set of draft design.

All elements requiring explanation are described in the project itself or in the attached explication. Large nodes and other elements that require detailing can be presented in additional sketches. The 3D models attached to the project improve the perception of the functional areas of the garden and individual viewpoints.

What other sketches can there be in a garden project?

After the sketch of the landscape project is approved, it becomes possible to start preparing the most important document from a set of working documentation - a dendrological plan.

But in some cases, a sketch of a dendroplan may initially be drawn up, which contains data on the species, number and location of plants on the site. The dendroplan sketch allows you to visualize the location and size of plants in the garden, to understand how the plants will look in combination with the environment. The sketch of the dendroplan contains more detailed planting material than the outline design of the garden, however, it does not include an assortment list of plants and is not as detailed as the dendrological plan itself. The purpose of the dendroplan sketch is to visualize the landscaping project to the customer even before the creation of working drawings. The latter are a more complex and detailed elaboration of a landscape project, therefore it is easier to make adjustments in terms of plant species and location on a sketch of a dendroplan.

Also, additional sketches can be created at the beginning of the detailed design, clarifying and revealing design ideas even before they are designed in detail. These can be sketches of small architectural forms, a draft design of a winter garden or a sketch of a night garden with visualization of garden lighting at night.

You can see more examples of sketch projects of gardens and parks in our Portfolio.

INTERSTATE STANDARD

UNIFIED SYSTEM OF DESIGN DOCUMENTATION

MAIN PROVISIONS

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

GOST 2.119-73

IPK STANDARDS PUBLISHING HOUSE

1999

INTERSTATE STANDARD

Unified system of design documentation SKETCHPROJECT Unified system for design documentation. Preliminary design

GOST 2.119-73*

Decree State Committee standards of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated February 28, 1973 No. 501, the deadline for introduction is set

from 1974-01-01

This standard establishes requirements for the implementation of a draft design for products in all industries.

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1 . A preliminary design is developed if it is provided for by the terms of reference or the protocol for considering a technical proposal.

A draft design is developed in order to establish fundamental (constructive, circuit, etc.) solutions for a product that give a general idea of ​​​​the principle of operation and (or) device design of the product, when it is advisable to do this before the development of a technical design or working documentation.

At the stage of developing a draft design, options for the product and (or) its constituent parts. A draft design can be developed without considering various options at this stage.

1.2 . When developing a preliminary design, they perform the work necessary to ensure the requirements for the product and allow you to establish fundamental solutions. Scroll necessary work is determined by the developer depending on the nature and purpose of the product and is agreed with the customer if the product is being developed by order of the Ministry of Defense.

An indicative list of works for national economic products is given in.

Note. At the preliminary design stage, the works given at the technical proposal stage are not repeated if they cannot provide additional data. In this case, the results of previous work are reflected in explanatory note.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 4).

1.3 . The set of draft design documents includes design documents, in accordance with GOST 2.102-68 provided for by the terms of reference and the protocol for consideration of the technical proposal. When completing documents in electronic form electronic structure of the product and electronic model of the product ( assembly unit, complex) are performed with a degree of detail corresponding to the stage of the preliminary design.

Design documents developed for manufacturing material layouts according to GOST 2.002-72, are not included in the set of draft design documents.

(Changed edition, Change No. 5 )

1.4 . For consideration, approval and approval, copies of the draft design documents, completed according to GOST 2.106-96 . It is allowed, in agreement with the customer, to submit the original documents of the draft design.

1.5. The form of presentation of the preliminary design documents (paper or electronic), if it is not specified in the terms of reference and (or) the protocol for considering the technical proposal, is determined by the developer in agreement with the customer. Types of documents are set according to GOST 2.102-68 . It is allowed to include documents in various forms of representation in the set of documents of the draft design.

(Introduced additionally, Change No. 5 )

2. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DOCUMENTS

2.1 . General requirements to the execution of documents

2.1.1 . Design documents containing various product options are performed according to GOST 2.118-73 in terms of placing information about various options, placing images of options, building tables containing data various options and so on.

2.2 .Drawing general view

2.2.1 . At the draft design stage, a general view drawing or an equivalent electronic model of an assembly unit in the general case should contain:

a) images of the product (views, sections, sections), the text part and inscriptions necessary for understanding the structural device of the product, the interaction of its components and the principle of operation of the product;

b) names, as well as designations (if any) of those components of the product for which data must be specified ( specifications, quantity, instructions about the material, principle of operation, etc.) or link to which necessary to explain the images of the general view drawing, describe the principle of operation of the product, indicate the composition, etc.;

c) dimensions and other data applied to images (if necessary);

d) a scheme, if it is required, but it is not advisable to draw it up as a separate document;

e) technical characteristics of the product, if necessary for the convenience of comparing options according to the general view drawing.

(Changed edition, Change No. 5 )

2.2.2 . Images are performed with maximum simplifications provided for by the standards of the Unified Design Documentation System. The components of the product, including borrowed (previously developed) and purchased, are depicted with simplifications (sometimes in the form of contour outlines), if this provides an understanding of the structural device of the product being developed, the interaction of its components and the principle of operation of the product.

(Changed edition, Change No. 5 )

2.2.3 . Separate images of the component parts of the product are placed on one common sheet with images of the entire product or on separate (subsequent) sheets of the general view drawing.

When making a general view drawing in the form of an electronic model of an assembly unit, it is recommended that the models of individual components of the product be placed in separate files.

(Changed edition, Change No. 5 )

2.2.4 . The names and designations of the component parts of the product in the general view drawings are indicated in one of the following ways:

a) on the shelves of leader lines;

b) in a table placed on the same sheet as the image of the product;

c) in a table made on separate sheets of A4 format in accordance with GOST 2.301-68 as subsequent sheets of a general view drawing. In the general view drawing, made in the form of an electronic model of the assembly unit, it is recommended to indicate the names and designations of the component parts of the product using the methods a) and c).

If there is a table on the shelves of leader lines, indicate the position numbers of the components included in the table.

The table generally consists of columns: "Pos.", "Designation", "Name", "Col.", "Additional instructions".

When making a general view drawing in the form of an electronic model of an assembly unit, it is recommended to use the simultaneous display of the electronic structure of the product (instead of a table) and its electronic model, providing the possibility of highlighting (highlighting) the component of the electronic model when specifying the corresponding element of the electronic structure of the product.

(Changed edition, Change No. 5 )

2.2.5 . The names and designations of the product components in the table and (or) the electronic structure of the product are recommended to be placed in the following order:

borrowed items;

purchased products;

newly developed products.

(Changed edition, Change No. 5 )

2.2.6 . General arrangement drawing elements and (or) an equivalent electronic model of an assembly unit”; delete the words: “for working drawings(item numbers, text technical requirements, inscriptions, etc.) are performed according to the rules established by the standards of the Unified Design Documentation System for working drawings.

(Changed edition, Change No. 5 )

2.3 .Draft design sheet

2.3.1 . All design documents included in the set of documents of the preliminary design are entered into the draft design sheet in the manner prescribed GOST 2.106-96 , regardless of which variant the document belongs to.

It is allowed in the column "Note" to indicate the option corresponding to this document.

It is allowed to include equivalent documents in various forms of representation (in paper or electronic form) in the set of documents of the draft design, while it is recommended to indicate the form of presentation of the document in the “Note” column.

(Changed edition, Change No. 5 )

2.4 .Explanatory note

2.4.1 . The explanatory note of the draft design is carried out according to GOST 2.106-96 taking into account the following basic requirements for the content of sections:

a) in the section "Introduction" indicate the name, number and date of approval of the terms of reference. If the development of a preliminary design is provided not by the terms of reference, but by the protocol for considering the technical proposal, then a record is made according to the type: “Development of a preliminary design is provided for by the technical proposal ...” and indicate the number and date of the protocol for considering the technical proposal;

b) in the section "Purpose and scope of the developed product" provide relevant information from the terms of reference and technical proposal, as well as information specifying and supplementing the terms of reference and technical proposal, in particular:

a brief description of the area and conditions of use of the product;

general characteristics of the object for the application in which this product is intended (if necessary);

c) in the section "Technical characteristics" give:

the main technical characteristics of the product (power, number of revolutions, productivity, consumption of electricity, fuel, efficiency and other parameters characterizing the product);

information on compliance with or deviations from the requirements established by the terms of reference and technical proposal, if it was developed, with justification for deviations;

data comparing the main characteristics of the product with the characteristics of analogues (domestic and foreign) or provide a link to the map of the technical level and quality;

d) in the section "Description and justification of the chosen design" give:

description of the design, justification of the fundamental decisions made at this stage (constructive, circuit, etc.). When performing an explanatory note in the form electronic document it is allowed to provide a link to electronic layouts (models) made in accordance with GOST 2.052-2006.

If necessary, provide illustrations;

information about the purpose of material layouts (if they were made), electronic layouts (if they were developed), test program and methodology or analysis (or a link to a separate document - test program and methodology), test results and assessment data for conformity of models to specified requirements, including ergonomics and technical aesthetics;

photographs of material layouts (if necessary);

designations of the main design documents, according to which material models were made, the number and date of the test report (or protocol), etc. (for reference);

information about manufacturability;

data of verification of decisions made for patent purity and competitiveness;

information about the use of inventions in this development, about submitted applications for new inventions;

information about the compliance of the product with the requirements of safety and industrial sanitation;

preliminary information about the packaging and transportation of the product (if necessary);

technical requirements for new products and materials used in the product being developed, which must be developed by other organizations. Such technical requirements may be given in the appendix to the explanatory note;

information on the compliance of borrowed (previously developed) components, purchased products and materials used in the product with the product being developed in terms of technical characteristics, operating modes, warranty periods, operating conditions;

main issues of manufacturing technology of products;

information about the safety of the product and its impact on the environment;

information on the disposal of the product;

e) in the section "Calculations confirming the operability and reliability of the structure" give:

approximate calculations confirming the performance of the product (kinematic, electrical, thermal, calculations of hydraulic systems, etc.);

approximate calculations confirming the reliability of the product (calculations of indicators of durability, maintainability, shelf life, etc.).

With a large amount of calculations, they can be drawn up in the form separate documents, while only the results of calculations are presented in this section. For each type of calculation, software and information support automated systems (if they are used to perform calculations);

f) in the section "Description of the organization of work using the product being developed" provide preliminary information on the organization of work with the product at the place of operation, including:

a description of the methods and ways of working with the product in the modes and conditions provided for by the terms of reference;

description of the order and methods of transportation, installation and storage of the product and its commissioning at the place of operation, as well as maintenance during storage and operation;

information on the qualifications and number of service personnel;

g) in the section "Expected technical and economic indicators" provide approximate calculations of economic indicators;

h) in the section "Level of standardization and unification" provide preliminary information on the use of standard, unified and borrowed assembly units and parts in the product being developed;

(Changed edition, Change No. 5 )

2.4.2 . In the appendix to the explanatory note are given:

a copy of the terms of reference;

if necessary, a list of work to be carried out at a subsequent stage of product development;

materials of artistic and design study, which are not design documents;

list of used literature, etc.;

a list of documents used in the development of a draft design and received by the product developer from other enterprises and organizations (author's certificates, a patent research report, a consumer certificate on the required production volume of the products being developed, etc.); at the same time, the documents in the annex to the explanatory note are not included, but the explanatory note may contain the necessary information from these documents (for example, the subject of the invention, the required quantities of products for the quarter, for the year, for the five-year plan), as well as the number and date of the document or cover letter.

list of software and information support for automated systems used in the development of a draft design

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1,).

APPLICATION

LIST OF WORKS TO BE CARRIED OUT DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DRAFT PROJECT

In general, when developing a draft design, the following work is carried out:

a) the implementation of options for possible solutions, the establishment of the features of the options (characteristics of options for components, etc.), their design study. The depth of such study should be sufficient to compare the options under consideration;

b) preliminary decision on the issues of packaging and transportation of the product;

c) production and testing of material models and (or) development and analysis of electronic models in order to verify the principles of operation of the product and (or) its components”;

d) development and justification of technical solutions aimed at ensuring the reliability indicators established by the terms of reference and technical proposal;

e) assessment of the product for manufacturability and the correct choice of control tools (tests, analysis, measurements);

e) evaluation of the product in terms of standardization and unification;

g) assessment of the product in relation to its compliance with the requirements of ergonomics, technical aesthetics. If necessary, to establish the ergonomic, aesthetic characteristics of the product and for the convenience of comparing various options for these characteristics, material layouts and (or) develop electronic layouts;

h) checking options for patent frequency and competitiveness, filing applications for inventions;

i) verification of compliance of options with the requirements of safety and industrial sanitation;

j) a comparative assessment of the options under consideration, issues of metrological support of the product being developed (the possibility of choosing methods and measuring instruments).

p) elaboration of issues that ensure the possibility of using design documentation in electronic form at subsequent stages of development.

(Changed edition, Rev. No. 5)

The comparison is carried out in terms of product quality (purpose, reliability, manufacturability, standardization and unification, economic, aesthetic, ergonomic).

At the same time, one should take into account the design and operational features of the developed and existing products, trends and prospects for the development of domestic and foreign technology in this area;

k) selection of the optimal variant (options) of the product, rationale for the choice; making fundamental decisions; confirmation (or clarification) of the requirements for the product (technical characteristics, quality indicators, etc.) established by the terms of reference and technical proposal, and the determination of technical and economic characteristics and indicators not established by the terms of reference and technical proposal;

l) identifying, based on the fundamental decisions made, new products and materials that should be developed by other enterprises (organizations), drawing up technical requirements for these products and materials;

m) drawing up a list of works to be carried out at a subsequent stage of development, in addition to or clarifying the work provided for by the terms of reference and technical proposal;

n) study of the main issues of manufacturing technology (if necessary);

o) preparation of proposals for the development of standards (revision and amendments to existing standards) provided for by the terms of reference at this stage.

APPLICATION. (IN added, rev. No. 4).

Inclusion in building production always starts with the development of the project. In this article, we will consider what project documentation is, what is its composition and share personal experience for the development of projects of varying complexity. Even though the term itself project work» Comprehensive, almost immediately giving a direction to the English «project» - more appropriate in meaning, as the implementation of ideas, the clearest explanation will be required, taking into account the creative approach to project activities.

Design stages:

First stage Pre-project stage of works

1. Performing pre-design calculations (determining the structural scheme of the building, materials and estimated construction estimates), we will help you meet a certain amount Money, the feasibility of construction will be assessed.

2. Packet formation legal documents to get the original permits for design and construction, legal analysis of existing documents, consultations.

The second stage Implementation of a preliminary design (concept) and architectural and planning solutions

1. Development of a booklet of a draft proposal (concept) - development of an architectural volume-spatial solution and technical and economic indicators, visualization. A draft design is a material that allows you to evaluate the project and form precise requirements for further design. The draft design performs the functions primary document required to pass the regulatory commission and obtain the initial permits.

The sketch is developed in order to establish functional, constructive and style solutions for the project, which give a general idea of ​​the future object and the process of interaction of individual parts of the project with each other. In the future, the draft design becomes the basis for writing Terms of Reference to all subsequent stages of design.

• Based on the draft design, constructive and architectural solutions, layout, number of storeys, material, Technical equipment; all this gives a clear idea of ​​the organization of the plan, the volumetric structure and appearance future building.

2*. Additionally, for the concept, the calculation of the estimated cost of the object and the stages of investing funds.

The outline design includes the following sections:

• Scheme of the master plan М 1:500
• Transport scheme
• Plans
• cuts
• facades
• Visualization and photomontage
• Calculations (for the concept)

The third stage Implementation of the working project

1. Development of all necessary sections of the working draft in accordance with the requirements and standards in the field of construction. Before proceeding with the construction of the facility, it is necessary to clearly understand the front of the upcoming work. It is important to work out all the details at the design stage. Therefore, much attention is paid project documentation, which elaborates on all technical aspects. The composition of the project documentation is sufficient for the approval and implementation of the construction object. Such documentation allows you to determine the costs of construction and installation work with maximum accuracy and is used throughout the entire construction process.

2*.Optional. Performing Customer Service Functions: Receiving specifications, coordination of project documentation in established instances.

The working draft includes the following sections:

• Master plan and transport
• Architectural and construction part
• Structural part
• Engineering
• Technological part
• Security Section environment
• Construction organization project
• Estimated documentation

Design of warehouse and industrial buildings Work in one stage - Implementation of a working project

1. Performing pre-project calculations (determining the structural scheme of the building, materials and estimated estimates for construction), we will help you meet a certain amount of money.

2. Development of all necessary sections of the working draft in accordance with the requirements and standards in the field of construction.

3*.Optional. Performing the functions of the Customer's service: obtaining technical specifications, coordinating project documentation in established authorities.

The working draft includes the following sections:

• Master plan and transport
• Structural part
• Engineering
• Technological part
• Estimated documentation

Do you need a project? To save your time, we suggest you contact our specialists by phone 209-09-40. You can also use the online feedback on this site or write us an e-mail!