What refers to the formal business style of speech. Official business style in Russian

Formal business style in texts. Examples

Every modern person at least once in his life faced with the need to write a text in an official business style. This is due to modern requirements for communication between legal entities, individuals and government agencies, or individuals and legal entities. Simply put, when addressing an organization as a representative of another organization or as an individual, you will be forced to write the text in an official business style.

One of the most common types of texts in a business style is commercial offer.

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In order not to burden you with the rules for writing official business texts, we will immediately consider a couple of examples.

Business text example 1. Postponement.

Director of OOO "..."

Kuznetsov N. S.

Dear Nikolai Sergeevich!

On January 12, we received a commercial offer from you in which you offer our company regular supplies of metal for projects implemented by our company.

Our management has considered your conditions and is ready to conclude an agreement of intent with you and, in the future, a cooperation agreement. The only obstacle to fruitful cooperation may be the impossibility of supplying rolled metal with a deferred payment, which you refuse to provide to us.

Please reconsider the possibility of granting a deferment for large volume lots! Otherwise, we will be forced to look for partners for regular deliveries of rolled metal products among your competitors.

Sincerely,

boss commercial department Petryakova I. I.

Business text example 2. Complaint

In March of this year, our company entered into an agreement with you for the manufacture and installation of plastic windows for equipment office space. The total number of windows was 48 pieces, the contract amount was 593,000 rubles.

Following the contract, the windows had to be installed before September 1st. To date, only a third of the work has been completed, despite full payment from our side.

Considering that our company has fully fulfilled its payment obligations, we demand that we complete the installation of windows in full as soon as possible, as well as eliminate the shortcomings described in previously sent claims, by November 1, or return the money for outstanding work to us . We also intend to demand compensation for the damage caused.

If your company fails to fulfill its obligations under the contract, or in case of refusal to return Money and payment of compensation, we will apply to the court of the Russian Federation, and also draw up a complaint to the Prosecutor of the Russian Federation at the location of your company.

See more examples below after reading the rules for writing text in a business style.

Rules for writing a business text

Now you can get acquainted with the rules. So, from the examples it can be seen that the main rule of a business text is to maintain a business style. What is "business style" in texts? This is, first of all, brevity, lack of emotion and facts.

In a business text, it is unacceptable to use emotionally colored expressions, colloquial phrases.

The first thing to remember when writing a business text in a formal style is that your task is to state the essence of what you want to write as concisely as possible. Whether it is a complaint about someone's actions (or inaction), a request for assistance, a claim, a demand, or something else.

Formal business style is most often used in business to draw up commercial offers, but even in private life, we often have to express ourselves in a business style, if we are talking about communication with government agencies, or about the emerging conflict situation, for example, when buying a low-quality product.

For texts in a business style, it is customary to use certain words, which is clearly seen in all the examples given.

"following", "taking into account", "please consider", "please assist", etc. The set of these phrases depends on the situation, and of course, you should learn to intuitively feel when to use the phrase "we ask you" and when you "require".

Other examples of texts in a business style

The Russian language allows you to express your thoughts in five different ones, each of which is something special and is used in a particular field of activity. In the administrative and public - official business style of speech is used, applied both in written and oral form.

In contact with

Peculiarities

This style has pronounced characteristics , which are clearly seen in the morphology and syntax of texts. The stylistic features are as follows:

Concerning lexical features, then there are only three of them:

1. A certain set of lexical phrases and the use of official words: prescribe, allow, notify, plaintiff, law, etc.
2. Dry vocabulary, full of purely clerical expressions: there is a place to be, etc.
3. The use of set phrases: based on, taking into account, etc.

Important! Despite the necessary impersonality, these texts allow the use of first person verbs and pronouns.

Syntactic constructions- these are the signs that easily allow the reader to determine the type of presentation. This type of texts has several characteristic syntactic features:

1. Presence of small structures simple sentences, the absence of homogeneous members of the sentence or introductory words.
2. High structural standardization - each type of document has its own structural features. So, all statements begin with a stamp at the top of the sheet, and all protocols are characterized by signatures at the end of the document.

This form of presentation of ideas is quite actively used in different areas vital activity. Everyone should be able to use it, since any relationship with organizations take place in business language.

Usage

The scope of application is extremely narrow, and at the same time quite extensive. Examples of text of this nature are often found in government organizations and are divided into:

1. Legislative level - legislative documents, official papers, charters, rules.
2. Everyday business level - official correspondence, private office work.

Both types are used in different areas:

• jurisprudence;
• economy;
• politics;
• business;
• international relations;
• marketing.

An example of official business style documents is office and official papers, starting with explanatory and ending with the Constitution.

Cliche

As in any other, in an official business text there are some clichés. Usually, the use of such stamps is considered unacceptable and negative.

Stamps are words that are overused and have an indefinite meaning (defined, therefore, some), deforming the meaning, or losing it altogether in an abundance of unnecessary phrases.

Despite the negative value of stamps, they can and should be used in business conversations and papers. It was stated above that business speech uses standards as the main means of language. The presence of a certain standard or stamp at times simplifies creation and filling all questionnaires, forms and other documents.

Important! In such forms, it is unacceptable to freely express one's thoughts: the secretary cannot be answered in business correspondence “We are waiting for an answer, like the nightingale of summer” - this is unacceptable.

Official speech, standard situations - all this determines essence and purpose of such documents, as well as their clear structure and arrangement of all elements of the proposal. It does not allow:

• conversational elements;
• poeticisms;
• archaisms;
• emotional words and colorings;
• artistic elements: hyperboles, metaphors, etc.;

Any text of this category, which is correctly constructed in terms of grammar and vocabulary, is correct and fully complies with the requirements of the official business style of speech. And if it contains the above elements, even with the correct structure, it is perceived as incorrect. Standardness in this type of speech is a lexical feature, and has its own markers, for example:

• to fine;
• express gratitude;
• call to account;
• put forward an argument;
• be responsible;
• delivery notice.

Thus, cliches in general are a negative phenomenon, but their use in this category acceptable and even welcome.

However, there is another side to the excessive use of clericalism - texts must carry information, despite the use of many clichés.

Therefore, you should carefully proofread all papers to make sure that the recipient and reader get the necessary information load from them.

Style Text Analysis

Any text is subject to analysis to determine the style to which it belongs and other features. Examples of texts can be found in legislative documents, official notices and other official papers. To define a style, analyze text:

Reveal style features:

• accurate presentation of information and detailed;
• the severity of the composition;
• lack of expression and emotion.

Lexical features:

• use of special terminology;
• an abundance of bureaucracy (taking into account, have the right);
• words of necessity and duty.

Morphological features:

• use and verbs in the present tense;
• frequent use of verbal nouns;
• naming people based on their actions.

Syntactic:

• high particularity of homogeneous members;
• the presence of complicated sentences;
• frequent use of the genitive;
• use of passive and impersonal constructions;
• the presence of simple unemotional sentences;
• direct word order.

If all these features are found in the text, then it belongs to the official business style. Examples of such texts are found in educational literature, office papers and personal documents. For example, an autobiography is often written in a similar language, and certain rules should be followed when writing it:

1. Structured text: each important date begins with a paragraph and a new paragraph follows it, the date is always indicated at the end of the document.
2. Strict observance of the chronological sequence, starting from birth and ending with the last year before writing the document, illogical transitions are not allowed.
3. Conciseness: the autobiography is not written on more than 2-3 pages.
4. A statement of accurate, reliable facts that can always be confirmed by evidence papers.

When writing a biography use of words from other styles is allowed, but the presence of cliches is welcome. Often you can find autobiographies in a completely artistic style, but such a document is more like an autobiographical story than a dry statement of facts.

Dialogue

Oral speech can also be delivered in a business style. Compliance with the cliché of the official style is also welcomed in dialogues, despite the fact that the usual arrangement of information on papers differs from oral speech.

She is usually full of emotion and rather asymmetrical. If oral speech is emphatically logical, the communication environment is clearly official.

Main characteristic oral business communication- this is the flow of a conversation in a positive way in the key of sympathy, respect or goodwill. Oral speech differs depending on the varieties of style:

• clerical and business - oral speech is full of clericalism and cliches, but it also allows the use of ordinary, non-business words;
• public administration - the use of phraseological units, anarchisms, slang expressions and other words that are not related to the business style is unacceptable.

TO main features oral official speech include:

• brevity;
• accuracy;
• influence;
• corresponding words;
• well-designed structures;
• correct syntax;
• standardization of mentally prepared speech.

Oral business speech cannot be emotional. good example the following business dialogue can serve:

- Hello!

- Hello. How can I help you?

— I would like to submit my resume to your company.

- You have higher education?

— Yes, I graduated from the university with a degree in Management.

Are you familiar with our terms and conditions?

— Yes, in full.

- Fine. Then take your resume and other documents and come tomorrow at 9.00 at main office for an interview. All the best!

- Thank you. Goodbye.

Official business style in Russian, examples where it is applied

We study speech styles in Russian - official business style

Conclusion

Business speech may seem boring and dry at first glance, but when mastering it, it becomes clear that it is as rich as artistic speech, just the scope of its application requires certain conditions and rules, to which it corresponds. Formal business style is feature of the state and business sphere , and sooner or later you will have to learn to own it in order to become a full-fledged member of society.

The economy, the military industry, the field of advertising, communication in official institutions, government activities. Substyles: legislative (used in the field of government, the volatility of the function is manifested); administrative and clerical (maintenance of personal business papers, documents of the institution, emphasizes the nature of administrative relations - loans, advances); diplomatic substyle (at the international level, relations between the government and diplomats).

Description

Among the book styles of the language, the official business style stands out for its relative stability and isolation. Over time, it naturally undergoes some changes caused by the nature of the content itself, but many of its features, historically established genres, specific vocabulary, phraseology, and syntactic turns give it a generally conservative character.

A characteristic feature of the official business style is the presence in it of numerous speech standards - clichés. If in other styles templated turnovers often act as a stylistic flaw, then in the official business style in most cases they are perceived as a completely natural belonging to it.

Many types of business documents have generally accepted forms of presentation and arrangement of material, and this, of course, facilitates and simplifies their use. It is no coincidence that in certain cases of business practice, ready-made forms are used that only need to be filled out. Even envelopes are usually inscribed in a certain order (different in different countries, but firmly established in each of them), and this has its advantages for both writers and postal workers. Therefore, all those speech clichés that simplify and speed up business communication, are quite appropriate in it.

Peculiarities

Official business style is the style of documents: international treaties, government acts, legal laws, regulations, charters, instructions, official correspondence, business papers, etc.

Despite the differences in content and variety of genres, the official business style as a whole is characterized by a number of common features. These include:

• 1) conciseness, compactness of presentation, economical use of language tools;
• 2) the standard arrangement of the material, the often obligatory form (identity card, various kinds of diplomas, birth and marriage certificates, money documents, etc.), the use of clichés inherent in this style;
• 3) widespread use of terminology, names (legal, diplomatic, military, administrative, etc.), the presence of a special stock of vocabulary and phraseology (official, clerical), the inclusion of complex abbreviated words and abbreviations in the text;
• 4) frequent use of verbal nouns, denominative prepositions (on the basis of, in relation to, in accordance with, in fact, by virtue of, for purposes, at the expense of, along the line, etc.), complex conjunctions (due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, etc.), as well as various set phrases that serve to connect parts of a complex sentence (in case ...; on the grounds that ...; for the reason that ...; with that the condition that ..., in such a way that ..., the circumstance that ..., the fact that ..., etc.);
• 5) the narrative nature of the presentation, the use of nominative sentences with enumeration;
• 6) direct word order in a sentence as the prevailing principle of its construction;
• 7) the tendency to use complex sentences, reflecting the logical subordination of some facts to others;
• 8) almost complete absence emotionally expressive speech means;
• 9) weak individualization of style.

Varieties

The heterogeneity of the subject matter and the variety of genres make it possible to single out two varieties in the style under consideration: the official documentary style and the everyday business style.

In turn, in the first one, one can single out the language legislative documents activities related government agencies, and the language of diplomatic acts related to international relations.

In everyday business style, official correspondence between institutions and organizations, on the one hand, and private business papers- with another.

The language of legislative documents includes the vocabulary and phraseology of state law, civil law, criminal law, labor code, code of laws on marriage and family, etc. It is adjacent to vocabulary and phraseology related to the work of administrative bodies, official activities of citizens etc.

Examples

The following excerpts can serve as examples of documents of this type of official business style.

Regulations on elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Article 3. Every citizen of the USSR who has reached the age of 23 may be elected as a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, regardless of race or nationality, sex, religion, educational qualification, settled position, social origin, property status or past activities.

In another variety of official business style - everyday business style, official correspondence (business letter, commercial correspondence), official business papers (certificate, certificate, act, protocol), private business papers (statement, power of attorney, receipt, autobiography, account, etc.). All of them are characterized by a well-known standardization, which facilitates their compilation and use and is designed to save language resources, to eliminate unjustified information redundancy.

Samples of some business papers.

Statement I ask you to grant me a week's leave to go home for family reasons. Enclosed is a letter informing me of my mother's illness. January 10, 1974 (signature)

Another example:

Receipt. I, Anton Ivanov, a student of the 5th "B" grade, received 1 (one) copy of the Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by S.I. Ozhegov and N.Yu. Shvedova in the school library for the Russian language lesson. Books must be returned the same day. March 23, 2000 A. Ivanov

Literature

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See what "Formal business style" is in other dictionaries:

Formal business style- (business, officially documentary, administrative, legislative, officially clerical, clerical, business literature) is a functional variety of the modern literary language, serving the sphere of law, power, ... ... Stylistic encyclopedic Dictionary Russian language

FORMAL BUSINESS STYLE- OFFICIALLY BUSINESS (from lat. officialis - official) STYLE. One of the functional styles of the literary language, serving the sphere of written officially business relations … New dictionary methodological terms and concepts (theory and practice of teaching languages)

formal business style- (business, officially documentary, administrative, legislative, officially clerical, clerical, business literature) One of the functional styles of the modern literary language, serving the sphere of law, power, administration, ... ... Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal

Formal business style- (business, officially documentary, administrative, legislative, officially clerical, clerical, business literature) One of the functional styles of the modern literary language, serving the sphere of law, power, ... ... General linguistics. Sociolinguistics: Dictionary-Reference

formal business style- a kind of literary language: one book style of speech, serving the areas of legislation, office work, administrative legal relations … Dictionary of literary terms

business style- This article is about the style of clothing; other meanings: Formal business style. Business style is one of the clothing styles designed for the business sphere of society and is characterized by rigor, restraint and conservatism in the choice of fabric, color ... Wikipedia

style- [manner] n., m., use. often Morphology: (no) what? style for what? style, (see) what? style what? style about what? about style; pl. What? styles, (no) what? styles for what? styles, (see) what? styles than? styles about what? about styles 1. Style is called ... ... Dictionary Dmitrieva

speech style- ▲ style of expounding style of speech character of presentation. conversational style. book style. art style. journalistic style. scientific style. scientific. formal business style. clerical style [language]. protocol style. protocol... Ideographic Dictionary of the Russian Language

STYLE IN LINGUISTICS- STYLE IN LINGUISTICS, a system of linguistic elements united by a certain functional purpose, methods of their selection, use, mutual combination and correlation, a functional variety of the literary language. Compositional speech ... ... Literary Encyclopedic Dictionary

style- I am; m. (French style) see also. in style, stylistic, stylistic 1) a) A set of features, features that create a holistic image of art of a certain time, direction, individual style of the artist in relation to ideological content and ... ... Dictionary of many expressions

Writing business style texts in the correct format is not given to everyone. The main trap that thousands of authors fall into every day is a completely incorrect interpretation of business texts and a misunderstanding of the principles of their work.

If you believe official sources, That:

The text of the official business style is the main means of communication in business, legal and other environments that involve the exchange of impersonal official information.

Pretty simple definition, right?! And yet, for some unknown reason, thousands of lawyers, economists, managers, and even diplomats daily try to add the same erroneous sign to such texts. Do you know what?

The error of modern business correspondence is that people deliberately complicate it. For some reason, it is generally accepted that the more complex the message, the more cunning the terminology and the longer the sentence, the more vigorous the material will be. They say you can't spoil porridge with butter.

In this material, we will try to talk about what a really good business style text should be, what its structure should be, what you should pay attention to and what mistakes you should not make. We promise that after this note you will be able to take a slightly different look at the rules for writing business texts.

Requirements for business text and its structure

In general, many documents are written in an official business style, ranging from the constitution and state acts, ending with explanatory and dismissal ones. We, first of all, are interested in texts for business, and therefore the main emphasis will be placed on it.

Business text texts have their own distinctive features, which other styles do not have. Here are the main signs:

Conciseness. Creating a business text requires pity for the reader. If bureaucrats can afford to create "masterpieces" on many sheets, then in business environment this is not welcome. Since businessmen are busy people, then the texts should be made in such a way that a person can get acquainted with them without Corvalol. Only facts, only figures, only important details.

Understand correctly: brevity does not mean the omission of some important details. All explanations must be given, and important points- mentioned. Conciseness in this case is the rejection of verbiage for the sake of verbiage.

Clear structure. You need to think over the structure of a business letter in advance. There is nothing worse than a text in which the meaning constantly jumps from place to place. We recommend choosing a starting point from which you will begin to unfold the narrative.

If you mention a fact, try to immediately enter everything that you want to report on this fact. : there is nothing worse than reading an unstructured "sheet" of text. Ideally, if each paragraph has one complete thought. This will make reading much easier.

Lack of emotion. When writing a business style text, we recommend remembering the English lords, who cannot be embarrassed even by a bomb explosion. No emotions, just facts with a straight face. However, there are exceptions here too: if you are in correspondence with a person you like, but the format of business communication does not allow for special liberties, you can only hint at obvious sympathy.

For example, put exclamation points in two sentences in a row or enter some word from the literary style. It seems to be a trifle, but a person experienced in business correspondence will understand everything perfectly.

Ease of Presentation. If you respect the person who will read your text, keep the material simple. Not simplified, but simple. Despite the fact that the rules for writing business style texts allow the use of clericalism and special terms, you should not aggravate the material with complex structures. Alas, but often sentences are so confusing and long that at the end you already forget the beginning.

See how the sentence is getting too complicated? Break it down into two or three smaller sentences. It won’t hurt you, but it’s convenient for a person.

Use of prepositions and compound conjunctions. Perhaps, business texts are the only format where the mass use of prepositions (on the basis of, in accordance with, and so on) and conjunctions (due to the fact that, due to the fact that, and so on) is allowed. Of course, you don’t need to put them through the word, but to give the text the appearance of a business message, this is a very, very good technique.

So, let's repeat the basic rules for creating a business text once again:

It should be a clearly structured material of small size.

In such a text there is no place for emotions and the loss of logical threads.

You should strive for simplicity of presentation, refusing complex sentences.

Your goal is to convey business information to the person, but to make it as simple as possible.

Business text signs

Three examples of mini-texts in business style

Example one. Business letter to a client:

Dear Sergey Sergeevich! In response to your request for the installation of a new door, we inform you that on December 25 a representative of our company will visit you. Typically, the installation time of the door is no more than one hour. We hope that you will be satisfied with the quality of our work.

Second example. A small business text for company employees:

On December 5, 2015, Company N starts participating in the annual social marathon Feed the Cat. In this regard, the company's management recommends that all employees bring daily workplace 2 liters of milk with a fat content of at least 2.5%.

If a cat or cat of any age is found, the animal should be given milk immediately. Employees who drink the maximum number of animals will be rewarded at the end of the current quarter.

Third example. Leader's letter:

I, Ivanov Ivan Ivanovich, from December 5 to February 12 of this year, within the framework of the social marathon “Feed the Cat”, gave milk to 12 cats and 10 cats. I spent the bonuses received for winning the corporate competition for personal purposes.

Since the animals are used to getting milk from me, and I don’t have money for their subsequent feeding, I ask you to allocate an amount of 100,000 rubles to buy milk at the expense of the company.

Rules for writing business letters

If you didn't already know, business style is divided into two different types:

Formal business style.

Everyday business style.

The first is zero emotions, a jacket with all the buttons and the facelessness of the author. The second one is more democratic and emotional (if you can say that about business texts at all). By the way, it is in the everyday style that most business letters are written. Moreover, interestingly, often the development of business correspondence occurs as follows:

Stage one. Official business style;

Stage two. Everyday business style;

Stage three. Inclusions of elements of informal communication;

Stage four. Informal communication "without ties".

It is clear that if you write something like “Hello, Kolya! What do you have there for the prices of combines? ”, then this will not be assessed properly. If you go through all the stages of business correspondence “according to the rules”, then over time the format of communication can change significantly. This is a common trend.

We have already analyzed the rules for writing business texts, and therefore we will not repeat ourselves: letters are written in the same way as texts. However, there are also some unspoken rules of correspondence, which we have not yet talked about. Since not everyone knows them, it is worth talking about them separately:

A business letter must contain a subject. It's bad form to leave the "Subject" field blank.

Don't change the subject line of a business email or delete your email history without a good reason. Yes, you may remember all the details of the communication, but the person on the other side of the mailbox may not remember them.

Neutral emotionality. Even if you are actually ready to rush at the recipient with a sledgehammer, in business letter this should not be tracked. Corporate culture teaches to “put in place” the interlocutor with more cunning tricks: “forgetting” the mention of the name, refusing exclamation marks at the beginning of the letter, ignoring some questions, and so on.

No emoticons. No emoticons until the communication format has reached at least the third stage (elements of informal communication).

Sending a letter with errors is the height of ignorance.

Failure Explanation. It is enough that banks do not explain the reason for the refusal to issue loans. Be more friendly: even if you are forced to refuse, be sure to soften the tone of the letter and explain the reason.

See for yourself:

First example of a business letter

Hello! We do not plan to buy crushed stone this year. All the best.

Second example of a business letter

Hello Ivan! Unfortunately, our company does not plan to purchase additional batches of crushed stone this year. This is due to the fact that we have already fully agreed on the entire list of future expenses, and the company has no funds left for the purchase of crushed stone. We sincerely hope that next year we will agree with you in advance on the purchase of crushed stone in order to budget the necessary funds in advance.

I think you can see for yourself that the first version was written by a soulless robot, and the second one by a person who sincerely regrets. Two business style letters on the same topic, but they are so different!

You don't have to start from afar. If you have something to say, say it right away. When a person starts to enter from afar, it is more unnerving.

These are the most important rules for writing business letters that you will definitely need. The main thing is to remember that not always some kind of obvious officialdom is expected from you. If you see that a person is not averse to moving to a more informal level of communication, feel free to move on. There is nothing wrong with that.

That's all friends. Everything that we wanted to tell about creating texts in a business style, we told. If you have questions, comments or additions, feel free to write a comment. We are sure that this will only benefit the material.

The official business style (ODS) serves the sphere of official relations, in which communication participants perform certain social functions. Situations in such communication are as typical as possible, which gives rise to the standard speech behavior of their participants, so many documents are ready-made forms in which only the passport data of the submitter of the document needs to be entered.

The term "official business style" is used to denote the features of the language of official (organizational and administrative) and diplomatic documents. The main function of the official business style is that, requiring a certain form in the written presentation of the content, it gives the text the character of a document and translates the various aspects of human relations reflected in this text into the category of official business documents.

The main features of the ODS are the accuracy of the wording, the standard arrangement of the material, the regulation (a limited set of language tools), the rigor and simplicity, the richness of information, the written form of presentation and the impersonality of the statement.

ODS is subdivided into three sub-styles - legal, diplomatic and clerical and business. Each of them is reflected in a number of genres. The genres of the legal sub-style include the constitution, code, law, charter, resolution, the genres of the diplomatic sub-style include a letter of credence, protest note, declaration, communiqué, the genres of the clerical and business sub-style include an order, contract, notification, order, as well as all types of documents. personal nature (statement, complaint, receipt, power of attorney, letter, memorandum / service / explanatory note, autobiography, etc.).

Of the linguistic features of the official business style, the following should be highlighted. To the lexical features of the ODS includes the presence of stable expressions and terms denoting the realities of social life, as well as clericalism, which are immediately striking, imprinted and later pop up in colloquial speech in a spontaneous and unprepared form ( proper, undersigned, hear, plaintiff, individual, consumer and etc.). In the texts of the ODS, there is no emotionally expressive vocabulary, evaluative and introductory-modal words ( good, bad, like, want, probably, maybe, etc.). The words used in the texts are characterized by limited lexical compatibility, for example, official letter not spelled, A is drawn up.

In morphological terms the use of short forms of adjectives with the meaning of obligation is noted ( obligated, responsible, accountable) and participles ( the decision was made, the candidacy was supported), an abundance of denominative prepositions and conjunctions ( accordingly, in continuation, for the purposes of, due to the fact that). To express imperativeness, infinitive constructions are used, reinforced with adverbs and modal words ( repairs should be made, I order measures to be taken, it is necessary to proceed to ... etc.).

To syntactic features ODS texts include the active use of passive constructions ( order completed, not possible, negotiations completed) and an abundance of sentences with homogeneous members and isolated phrases, various kinds of clichés and clichés with elements of archaism ( according to the deed, the punishability of the act).

SDS texts are characterized by sentences with inversion - the subject with an objective meaning follows the predicate ( Everyone is guaranteed freedom of conscience). Sentences with participial and participle phrases make the text informatively saturated. The texts are dominated by constructions with "stringing" genitive cases of nouns without prepositions ( Any form of restriction of the rights of citizens of the Russian Federation is prohibited).

Official business texts are characterized by a high degree of segmentation, which allows you to clearly structure the text, dividing it into articles, paragraphs, paragraphs, subparagraphs. The text is built according to a template (form), which includes all the elements required for a given genre.

Texts of the ODS, or documents, occupy a significant place in life modern man. They govern our social life so we need them every day. That is why each of us must be able not only to correctly interpret the document, but also to compose it correctly. The author who compiles a particular document must use in it those language tools which the genre of the document requires from him, and not “invent” his own, different from the standard phrases.

The document is created in accordance with the genre model of the text with an unchanged composition, which includes the obligatory thematic blocks, i.e. details.

For example, a job application contains the following details:

1) indication of the addressee (name of the head and enterprise);

2) indication of the addressee;

3) the name of the genre of the document (statement);

4) the main content of the request (please accept me ...);

5) indication of the date of preparation of the document;

6) signature (handwritten signature).

It is necessary to strictly observe the requirements for the location of details in relation to each other. In the application, the addressee and addressee are indicated in the upper right corner of the sheet. The title of the document (with a capital letter and without a dot at the end, if the addresser is with the preposition “from”, or with a lowercase letter and with a dot at the end, if the addressee is without the preposition “from”) is located in the middle, and the main content is the width of the sheet. The date is placed on the bottom left, and the signature is placed on the right, on the same line as the date. In this case, blank lines are left between the details. Under the date and signature, free space is left for resolution. Resolutions are also located in the upper left corner.

The official business style is the most common style that functions not only in office work and diplomacy, but also in any official relations, for example, in production, at a university, in medical institutions, in the newspaper, etc.

When compiling documents, generally accepted stable speech turns are used: I ask for your permission to…; I, the undersigned ...; reference is given ... that ... really ...; let me invite you…; I, who live at the address ..., trust ...

The correct use of verbs such as trust, assure, guarantee, declare, notify, insist, confirm, notify, offer, order etc. These verbs are used in the first person plural or singular in sentences without a subject, as well as a third person singular when referring to the addressee, for example: “I ask”, and not “I ask”; “commit” not “we commit”.

The drafter of the document should be able to accurately and concisely state his point of view on the problem of interest to him. To do this, he must know the language means expressing causal and other logical relationships, which, first of all, include complex conjunctions and denominative prepositions: due to, for the purpose of, on the basis of, in order to avoid, according to, according to, thanks to, due to and so on.

In official business papers, etiquette formulas of address should be used correctly, indicating the respectful attitude of the addressee to the addressee: Thank you for…, We kindly ask you…, Unfortunately… It should be borne in mind that in a business letter, second person pronouns ( you, your) are written with a capital letter, while in the usual writing such spelling is contrary to the norms of Russian spelling.

In official business papers, familiar address to the addressee is not allowed ( Expensive…), indication of the response time in the ultimatum form ( Please answer me immediately...) or refusal to the addressee's request without giving reasons.

To the typical business speech Errors include the following:

1) unmotivated use of foreign words ( roll over instead of extend; appeal instead of address);

2) the use of archaisms ( which instead of which, this year instead of this year);

3) incorrect use of paronyms ( graduated from high school instead of graduated from high school; introduce the products instead of familiarize yourself with the products);

4) violation of the rules for the use of prepositions ( thanks to, according to, in spite of, according to combined with the dative case; as a result, during differ in their spelling from prepositional case combinations an experienced detective is involved in the investigation; there are rapids along the river.

Here are two options for writing a statement.

Option 1 (statement from whom):

prof. A.M. Shammazov

from a second year student

Faculty of Technology

Nikolaev Denis Yakovlevich

Statement

I ask you to transfer me to a correspondence course for family reasons. An extract from the academic certificate of the tests and exams I passed is attached.

07/25/2012 Personal signature

Option 2 (whose statement):

Rector of the Ufa State

Petroleum Technical University

prof. A.M. Shammazov

second year student

Faculty of Technology

Nikolaev Denis Yakovlevich

statement.

In connection with the request of the enterprise that sent me to study at its own expense, I ask you to transfer me to the specialty "Drilling oil and gas wells". The letter from the HR Department of Burintekh LLC is attached.