Presentation of the days of military glory. Presentation "days of military glory" Presentation on the topic military glory of the Russian Empire

3 Days of military glory of Russia April 18, 1242 - Battle on the Ice September 21, 1380. - Battle of Kulikovo November 4, 1612. - The liberation of Moscow from the Polish invaders on July 10, 1709. - Battle of Poltava August 9, 1714. - Naval battle at Cape Gangut on September 11, 1790. - Naval battle at Cape Tendra December 24, 1790. - the capture of Ishmael on September 8, 1812. - Battle of Borodino December 1, 1853. - Naval battle at Cape Sinop on February 23, 1918. - Defender of the Fatherland Day November 7, 1941 - military parade on Red Square on December 5, 1941. - counteroffensive near Moscow on February 2, 1943. - the end of the Battle of Stalingrad on August 23, 1943. - victory at the Kursk Bulge on January 27, 1944. - the lifting of the blockade of Leningrad on May 9, 1945. - Victory Day September 2, 1945. - Surrender of Japan

6 The liberation of Moscow from the Polish invaders on November 4, 1612. November 4, 1612 Militia detachments led by Prince Dmitry Pozharsky and merchant Kuzma Minin expelled the Polish invaders from Moscow, creating conditions for the restoration of state power in Russia.

10 Naval battle at Cape Tendra August 28, 1790. The Black Sea Fleet under the command of Rear Admiral F.F. Ushakov defeated the Turkish fleet. This victory provided a breakthrough to Izmail of the Dnieper flotilla, which provided great assistance to the land army in capturing the fortress.

13 Defender of the Fatherland Day On this day, the young Red Army suspended the advance of German troops near Pskov and Narva. Although a number of historians point out the incorrectness of this date, February 23 is considered the birthday of the Red Army, and later the Day of Defenders of the Fatherland.

14 The day of the military parade on Red Square November 7, 1941 During the harsh days of the defense of Moscow, a parade of troops took place. The chairman of the GKO, I.V. Stalin, made a patriotic speech from the rostrum. Right from the parade, the troops went to the front, to defend their native Moscow.

15 The beginning of the counter-offensive of the Soviet troops near Moscow on December 5, 1941. On the night of January 5-6, units of the Red Army launched a powerful counteroffensive along the entire front. As a result, the enemy was thrown back from the walls of Moscow for km. During the battles, Soviet troops defeated 38 enemy divisions.

16 DAY OF THE DESTRUCTION OF THE GERMAN-FASCIST TROOPS IN THE BATTLE OF STALINGRAD February 2, 1943 THE BATTLE FOR STALINGRAD - THE BIGGEST BATTLE OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR THE BATTLE IN THE CITY ITSELF CONTINUED FOR MORE TWO MONTHS DURING THE OPERATION, 22 DIVISIONS AND 160 SEPARATE ENEMY UNITS WERE DESTROYED

18 Day of lifting the blockade of Leningrad January 27, 1944 The battle for Leningrad continued from July 10, 1941. to August 9, 1944 Soviet troops during the 900-day defense of the city pinned down large forces of the armies of Germany and Finland. During the period from January 14 to March 1, 1944. The Leningrad-Novgorod offensive operation suffered a heavy defeat for Army Group North. And in the starless January night, Surprising itself at an unprecedented fate, Returned from the abyss of death, Leningrad salutes itself. Anna Akhmatova

22 VICTORY GENERALS GREAT MERITS IN THE VICTORY OF THE SOVIET PEOPLE IN THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR OF OUTSTANDING GENERALS: G.K. Zhukov, A.M. Vasilevsky, K.K. Rokossovsky, I.S. Konev, L.A. Meretskova, S.K. Timoshenko, F.I. Tolbukhina, V.I. Chuikov, A.I. Eremenko, R.Ya.

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TOMSK PUBLIC AND CONSTRUCTION COLLEGE "DAYS OF MILITARY GLORY"

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DAYS OF MILITARY GLORY IN RUSSIA THE DAYS OF MILITARY GLORY ARE SPECIAL FESTIVES IN COMMENARIATION OF THE VICTORIES OF RUSSIAN TROOPS IN BATTLE THAT PLAYED A DECISIVE ROLE IN THE HISTORY OF THE COUNTRY. BEFORE THE REVOLUTION THESE DAYS WERE CALLED "VICTORIAL". DURING THESE DAYS, THEY WERE PAYING HONOR TO THE FLEET AND THE ARMY, MILITARY FEAT, GLORY AND VALOR TO THE DEFENDERS OF THE COUNTRY. IN MODERN RUSSIA IN 1995 THE FZ OF MARCH 13 "ON THE DAYS OF MILITARY GLORY AND MEMORABLE DATES OF RUSSIA" IS ADOPTED TOTAL 17 MEMORABLE DATES ARE ESTABLISHED UNDER THE LAW.

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January 27 - Day of the complete liberation of the city of Leningrad by Soviet troops from the blockade of its Nazi troops. (1944)

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FEBRUARY 2 - THE DAY OF THE DESTRUCTION BY THE SOVIET TROOPS OF THE GERMAN - FASCIST TROOPS UNDER STALINGRAD. At 07:30 on November 19, 1942, Soviet artillery opened heavy fire on the enemy. The blow was so powerful that the enemy fled in panic. Then tank formations and infantry of the Southwestern Front were introduced into the gap. On November 20, the troops of the Stalingrad Front went on the offensive. On the afternoon of November 23, the troops of the two fronts joined in the area of ​​​​the city of Kalach. The main enemy forces - the 6th and 4th tank armies - were surrounded. A 330,000-strong enemy grouping was in the cauldron. All attempts by the German troops to break through the encirclement were unsuccessful. On January 8, 1943, the commander of the Don Front K.K. Rokossovsky invited the German troops to surrender. But the commander of the 6th Army, General Paulus, refused to accept the ultimatum. Stubborn fighting continued throughout January. On January 31, Paulus' army surrendered, and on February 2, the last German unit surrendered. The victory at Stalingrad marked the beginning of a radical change in the course of the war. The Red Army seized the strategic initiative of waging war.

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FEBRUARY 23 - DEFENDER OF THE HOMELAND DAY. RED ARMY DEPARTMENTS WON THEIR VICTORIES NEAR PSKOV AND NARVA OVER THE REGULAR TROOPS OF THE KAISER GERMANY ON FEBRUARY 23, 1918.

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APRIL 18 - DAY OF THE VICTORY OF THE RUSSIAN ARMY OF ALEXANDER NEVSKY OVER THE GERMAN KNIGHTS ON LAKE PEOPLE (BATTLE ON THE ICE) 1242. Alexander Yaroslavovich Nevsky (1236-1263) in the summer of 1240 defeated the Swedish troops at the mouth of the Neva, for this brilliant victory he received the nickname "Nevsky" On April 5, 1242, Alexander Nevsky defeated the German knights on the ice of Lake Peipus. This battle went down in history as the Battle on the Ice. The German knights lost 800 people killed, 50 crusaders were captured.

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MAY 9 - VICTORY DAY IN THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR 1941-1945 Eternal glory to the heroes! Eternal glory! Eternal glory!

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JULY 7 - VICTORY DAY OF THE RUSSIAN FLEET IN THE BATTLE OF CHESME, 1770. Russian - Turkish war 1868-1774. Naval The fleet under the command of Admirals G. Spiridonov and S. Greig destroyed the Turkish squadron of Hassan Bey in the Chesme Bay near about. Chios off the coast mediterranean sea July 6-7, 1770 The Turks lost 15 battleships, 50 ships of another class and about 10 thousand people in the Battle of Chesma. On the commemorative Medal in honor of the Chesme victory with the image of the Turkish fleet, it was marked "Was".

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July 10 - VICTORY DAY OF THE RUSSIAN ARMY UNDER THE COMMAND OF PETER THE FIRST OVER THE SWEDS IN THE BATTLE OF POLTAVA, 1709. Northern War of 1700-1721 Russia and Sweden For Russia's access to the Baltic Sea. In April 1709 Charles 12 laid siege to the small town of Poltava. There were more than 30 thousand people in the Swedish army, the Poltava garrison besieged the fortress for about 2 months. By June, Peter 1 had concentrated a 42,000-strong army with 72 guns near Poltava. On June 27, 1709, the Battle of Poltava took place. By 11 a.m., the Russians had won a decisive victory in the Northern War. On the battlefield, the Swedes lost 9 thousand people. Two days after the Battle of Poltava near the town of Perevolochna, the remnants of the Swedish army of 18 thousand people laid down their arms. Charles 12 fled to Turkey.

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AUGUST 23 IS THE DAY OF THE DESTRUCTION OF THE FASCIST TROOPS IN THE BATTLE OF KURSK 1943. The Battle of Kursk was the largest battle of World War II. It lasted from July 5 to August 23. During this battle, a grandiose tank battle took place near the village of Prokhorovka, in which 1200 tanks took part. The victory of the Red Army in the Battle of Kursk completed a radical change in the course of the war, which began in the battles near Stalingrad.

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AUGUST 26 - BATTLE OF BORODINO 1812. Patriotic War of 1812. Russia - France. The Battle of Borodino began at half past six in the morning. Napoleon intended to break through the Russian positions in the center, bypass the left flank and push the Russian army back from the Old Smolensk road and clear the way to Moscow. Napoleon brought down the main blow on Bagration's flushes. Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov.

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SEPTEMBER 11 - VICTORY DAY OF THE RUSSIAN SQUADRA UNDER THE COMMAND OF F.F. USHAKOV OVER THE TURKISH SQUADRON AT CAPE TENDRA 1790. Russian-Turkish war 1787-1791 A number of brilliant victories were won by the Russian fleet under the command of Admiral F.F. Ushakov. Boldly discarding the linear tactics of naval combat, Ushakov concentrated attacks on the enemy's flagships, broke the formation of his ships, and approached the enemy at a distance of a pistol shot. In 1790, in a battle near Fr. Tendra Ushchakov attacked the enemy without immediately rebuilding his ships (according to linear tactics) into battle formation.

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SEPTEMBER 21 - THE BATTLE OF KULIKOV 1380. Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy (1359 - 1389) in 1988 canonized as a saint of Russia Orthodox Church. 1380, the Russian regiments under the command of Dmitry Ivanovich defeated the Russian regiments of the troops of Khan Mamai on the Kulikovo field. And although this victory did not lead to the final liberation of Rus' from the Horde yoke, it showed that if the Russians unite, then the Horde domination in Rus' will be overthrown. In the Battle of Kulikovo, Prince Dmitry Ivanovich took part as a simple warrior.

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NOVEMBER 7 IS THE DAY OF THE MILITARY PARADE ON RED SQUARE IN MOSCOW TO COMMEMBER THE 24TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE GREAT OCTOBER SOCIALIST REVOLUTION OF 1941.

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DECEMBER 1 - VICTORY DAY OF THE RUSSIAN EMKADRA UNDER THE COMMAND OF P.S. NAKHIMOV OVER THE TURKISH SQUADRON AT CAPE SINOP, 1853. Crimean War 1853 - 1856 Russia and Türkiye. The Sinop battle went down in history as the last major battle of the era of the sailing fleet. Vice Admiral Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov led the Russian squadron. The Turkish squadron was stationed in the Sinop Bay, it consisted of 14 ships, two of them were sailing. On the morning of November 18, 1853, the Russian squadron slipped into the bay and began to shoot the Turkish fleet point-blank. Three hours later, almost all Turkish ships were sunk. Some Russian ships were damaged but remained in service.

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DECEMBER 5 IS THE DAY OF THE BEGINNING OF THE COUNTEROFFENSIVE OF THE SOVIET TROOPS AGAINST THE GERMAN - FASCIST TROOPS IN THE BATTLE NEAR MOSCOW 1941. The counteroffensive began on December 5-6, 1941. In the very first days, the cities of Kalinin, Solnechnogorsk, Klin, and Istra were liberated. German troops, under strict orders from Hitler to hold their positions at all costs, offered stubborn resistance. During the winter offensive, Soviet troops defeated 38 German divisions. The enemy was pushed back from Moscow by 100-250 km. The immediate threat of the Capture of the capital was over. The defeat of the German troops near Moscow was a major victory for the Soviet troops in the war, the myth of the invincibility of the German army was dispelled.

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DECEMBER 24 - THE DAY OF THE TAKE OF THE TURKISH FORTRESS OF IZMAIL BY RUSSIAN TROOPS UNDER THE COMMAND OF A, B, SUVOROV 1790. Russian - Turkish war of 1787 - 1791. The Turkish fortress of Izmail was considered one of the most fortified. The garrison of the fortress consisted of 35 thousand people. There were 260 guns in Izmail, the width of the Izmail ditches reached 14 meters, the depth was 12 meters, the fortress was protected by seven bastions and a rampart 7 to 9 meters high. Alexander Vasilievich Suvorov arrived near Izmail in early December, having managed to place 31 thousand people under its walls, and within a week to train troops to storm the fortifications on the “model” of the rampart and moat built far from the fortress. The assault began at 6 o'clock in the morning, and at 16 o'clock Ishmael was taken. The losses of the Turks amounted to 26 thousand killed, 9 thousand wounded, Russians 4 thousand people died, 6 thousand were wounded.

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As historical experience in military affairs shows, Russians have always been among the first in military affairs, but not at all because of their love for conquest. It just so happened that we had to defend our independence all the time. Therefore, steadfastness and courage are in the blood of Russian soldiers. LET'S REMEMBER THE GLORIOUS VICTORIES! LETS BE WORTHY OF THEIR GLORY!

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The history of Russia is rich in significant events. In all ages, heroism, the courage of the soldiers of Russia, the power and glory of Russian weapons have been an integral part of the greatness of the Russian state. In addition to military victories, there are events worthy of being immortalized in people's memory. (Federal Law No. 32-FZ of March 13, 1995)

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IN Russian Federation the following days of Russia's military glory are established: April 18 - Victory Day of the Russian soldiers of Prince Alexander Nevsky over the German knights on Lake Peipus (Battle on the Ice, 1242); September 21 - Victory Day of the Russian regiments led by Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy over the Mongol-Tatar troops in the Battle of Kulikovo (1380); November 4 - National Unity Day. In honor of the liberation of Moscow by the forces of the people's militia under the leadership of Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky from the Polish invaders (1612); July 10 - Victory Day of the Russian army under the command of Peter the Great over the Swedes in the Battle of Poltava (1709); August 9 - Day of the first Russian history the naval victory of the Russian fleet under the command of Peter the Great over the Swedes at Cape Gangut (1714); December 24 - Day of the capture of the Turkish fortress Izmail by Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov (1790); September 11 - Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of F.F. Ushakov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Tendra (1790); September 8 - Day of the Borodino battle of the Russian army under the command of M.I. Kutuzov with the French army (1812); December 1 - Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of P.S. Nakhimov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Sinop (1853); February 23 - Defender of the Fatherland Day; December 5 - Day of the beginning of the counter-offensive of the Soviet troops against the Nazi troops in the battle of Moscow (1941); February 2 - Day of the defeat of the Nazi troops by the Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad (1943); August 23 - Day of the defeat of the Nazi troops by the Soviet troops in the Battle of Kursk (1943); January 27 - Day of lifting the blockade of the city of Leningrad (1944); May 9 - Victory Day of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War of 1941 - 1945 (1945).

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April 18 - Victory Day of the Russian soldiers of Prince Alexander Nevsky over the German knights on Lake Peipus (Battle on the Ice, 1242)

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September 21 - Victory Day of the Russian regiments led by Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy over the Mongol-Tatar troops in the Battle of Kulikovo (1380) On the morning of September 8, all 6 regiments of the Russian army were located along the right bank of the Nepryadva. At 12 o'clock the Tatars also appeared on the Kulikovo field. Almost immediately, the battle was started by the Grand Duke Dmitry, after the duel of the Tatar Chelubey (or Telebey) with the monk Alexander Peresvet. Both combatants fell dead. (This duel is mentioned only in the "Tale of the Battle of Mamaev", while it is absent in other chronicles and works.) This was followed by a battle of the guard regiment, which withstood the attacks of the Tatars, and was forced to fight back both from the front and from the flanks. Some sources say that Dmitry was in the guard regiment, and when the regiment began to retreat under the blows of the superior forces of the Tatars, he went to the main forces of the Russian army to move them into battle. The calculation, apparently, was that the Tatars in a battle with a guard regiment would mix their battle formations, and they could be forced to fight “wall to wall”, where in conditions of a close narrow space, numerical superiority does not play a big role. The Tatars were able to bring down the guard regiment, continued the general onslaught and cut into the center. The battle here was protracted and long. According to eyewitnesses of the battle and chroniclers, the Tatar cavalry got bogged down in the advanced regiment, in the "pedestrian Russian great army", which fought desperately in crowded quarters. The chroniclers pointed out that the horses could no longer step on the corpses, since there was no clean place. Given the peculiarities of the cavalry battle, it can be assumed that the Tatar cavalry cut into the ranks of the Russian infantry several times and rolled back. The regiment, which was in ambush, was eager to fight all the time, but the governor Bobrok held him back, holding out until the last moment, citing various reasons, including the fact that the wind was in his face and it would be difficult for the horses to run. However, when the Tatars broke through to the river and set up a rear for the ambush regiment, Bobrok ordered to join the battle. The attack of the cavalry from an ambush from the rear on the main forces of the Tatars became decisive. The shock Tatar cavalry was driven into the river and killed there. At the same time, the regiment of the right hand of the Russian army and a large regiment went on the offensive. The Tatars retreated once again; mixed up and fled.

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November 4 - National Unity Day. In honor of the liberation of Moscow by the forces of the people's militia under the leadership of Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky from the Polish invaders (1612) 17th century It arose in a difficult situation, after the capture by the invaders of a significant part of the country, incl. Moscow and Smolensk, and the collapse due to sharp contradictions of the first militia in 1611. In September 1611 in Nizhny Novgorod Zemsky headman Kuzma Minin appealed to the townspeople with an appeal to raise funds and create a militia to liberate the country. The population of the city was subject to a special tax for the organization of the militia. Its military leader was invited by Prince. D.M. Pozharsky. Letters were sent from Nizhny Novgorod to other cities calling for the collection of the militia. In it, in addition to townspeople and peasants, small and medium-sized nobles also gathered. The main militia forces were formed in the cities and counties of the Volga region. The program of the people's militia consisted in the liberation of Moscow from the interventionists, the refusal to recognize sovereigns of foreign origin on the Russian throne (which the boyar nobility sought, inviting the Polish prince Vladislav to the kingdom), and the creation of a new government. The actions of the militia were supported by Patriarch Hermogenes, who refused to fulfill the demands of the Moscow traitor boyars to condemn the militia and called for a fight against the interventionists. The victory in the battle of August 22-24 sealed the fate of the enemy garrisons in the Kremlin and Kitay-Gorod, which capitulated on October 22-26, 1612. the whole country. In November 1612, the leaders of the militia sent letters to the cities calling for a Zemsky Sobor to elect a new tsar. The composition of the Zemsky Sobor of 1613 reflected the prominent role of the townspeople and the lower nobility, as well as the Cossacks in the war of liberation against the interventionists.

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July 10 - Victory Day of the Russian army under the command of Peter the Great over the Swedes in the Battle of Poltava (1709) XII. The decisive Russian victory led to a turning point in the Northern War in favor of Russia and ended Sweden's dominance as the main military force in Europe. After Peter I conquered Livonia from Charles XII and founded the new fortress city of St. Petersburg, Charles decided to attack central Russia with the capture of Moscow. Unfavorable climatic conditions prevented Karl from doing this, who led his army to Moscow from the south, through Ukraine. At two o'clock in the morning on June 27, the Swedish infantry moved in four columns against the Russian redoubts, followed by six cavalry columns. After a stubborn two-hour battle, the Swedes managed to capture only two advanced redoubts. Rehnschild regrouped his troops, trying to bypass the Russian redoubts on the left. At the same time, six right-flank battalions and several squadrons of Generals Schlippenbach and Ross broke away from the main forces of the Swedes, retreated to the forest north of Poltava, where they were defeated by Menshikov's cavalry. Having broken through the redoubts, the bulk of the Swedes came under heavy artillery and rifle fire from the Russian camp and retreated in disorder to the Budischensky forest. At about six o'clock in the morning, Peter led the army out of the camp and built it in two lines, having infantry in the center, Menshikov's cavalry on the right flank, and General R. H. Bour's cavalry on the left. A reserve of nine infantry battalions was left in the camp. Rehnschild lined up the Swedes opposite the Russian army. Started at 9 o'clock hand-to-hand combat, the Russian cavalry began to cover the flanks of the enemy. Under the onslaught of superior forces, the Swedes began a retreat, which turned into a real flight by 11 o'clock.

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August 9 - The day of the first in Russian history naval victory of the Russian fleet under the command of Peter I over the Swedes at Cape Gangut (1714) The first in Russian history naval victory of the Russian fleet over the Swedish squadron at Cape Gangut (Hanko Peninsula, Finland), Baltic Sea , August 9, 1714 The Gangut battle between the Russian and Swedish fleets played an important role in the favorable outcome of the Northern War of 1700-1721 for Russia. By the spring of 1714, the southern and almost all of the central parts of Finland were occupied by Russian troops. In order to finally resolve the issue of Russia's access to the Baltic Sea, which was controlled by the Swedes, it was necessary to defeat the Swedish fleet. At the end of June 1714, the Russian rowing fleet (99 galleys and auxiliary vessels with a 15,000-strong army) under the command of General-Admiral F.M. Apraksina concentrated off the eastern coast of Gangut (in Tverminna Bay) in order to break through to the Abo-Aland skerries and land troops to reinforce the Russian garrison in Abo (100 km northwest of Cape Gangut). The path to the Russian fleet was blocked by the Swedish fleet (15 battleships, 3 frigates and a detachment of rowing ships) under the command of G. Vatrang. The victory near the Gangut Peninsula was the first major victory for the Russian regular fleet. She provided him with freedom of action in the Gulf of Finland and Bothnia, effective support for Russian troops in Finland. In the Battle of Gangut, the Russian command boldly used the advantage of the rowing fleet in the fight against the linear sailing fleet of the Swedes in the conditions of the skerry region, skillfully organized the interaction of the forces of the fleet and the ground forces, flexibly responded to changes in the tactical situation and weather conditions, managed to unravel the enemy’s maneuver and impose their tactics on him . The high morale and combat qualities of soldiers, sailors and officers allowed the Russian fleet to defeat the numerically superior Swedish fleet.

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December 24 - Day of the capture of the Turkish fortress Izmail by Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov (1790) In 1790, after capturing the fortresses of Kiliya, Tulcha and Isakcha, the commander-in-chief of the Russian army, Prince G.A. Potemkin-Tavrichesky ordered the detachments of generals I.V. Gudovich, P.S. Potemkin and the flotilla of General de Ribas to capture Izmail. However, their actions were indecisive. On November 26, the military council decided to lift the siege of the fortress in view of the approach of winter. The commander-in-chief did not approve this decision and ordered General-in-Chief A.V. Suvorov, whose troops were stationed at Galati, to take command of the units besieging Izmail. Taking command on December 2, Suvorov returned to Izmail the troops retreating from the fortress, and blockaded it from land and from the Danube River. Having completed the preparation of the assault in 6 days, on December 7, 1790, Suvorov sent an ultimatum to the commandant Ishmael demanding to surrender the fortress no later than 24 hours from the moment the ultimatum was delivered. The ultimatum was rejected. On December 9, the military council assembled by Suvorov decided to immediately begin the assault, which was scheduled for December 11. Suvorov planned to start the assault at 5 o'clock in the morning, about 2 hours before dawn. Darkness was needed for the surprise of the first blow and the mastery of the rampart; then it was unprofitable to fight in the dark, since it made it difficult to control the troops. Anticipating stubborn resistance, Suvorov wanted to have at his disposal as much daylight hours as possible. The conquest of Ishmael was of great political importance. It influenced the further course of the war and the conclusion in 1792 of the Iasi Peace between Russia and Turkey, which confirmed the annexation of Crimea to Russia and established the Russian-Turkish border along the river. Dniester. Thus, the entire northern Black Sea region from the Dniester to the Kuban was assigned to Russia. The victory near Izmail was dedicated to the anthem “Thunder of victory, resound!”, which until 1816 was considered the unofficial anthem of the Russian Empire.

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September 11 - Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of F.F. Ushakov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Tendra (1790) The battle at Cape Tendra is a naval battle on the Black Sea during the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1792 between the Russian squadron under the command of F.F. Ushakov and the Turkish squadron under the command of Hassan Pasha. It happened on August 28-29 (September 8-9), 1790 near the Tendra Spit. After the annexation of Crimea to Russia, a new Russian-Turkish war began. Russian troops launched an offensive in the Danube region. A galley flotilla was formed to help them. However, she could not make the transition from Kherson to the combat area due to the presence of a Turkish squadron in the west of the Black Sea. The squadron of Rear Admiral F. F. Ushakov came to the aid of the flotilla. When it approached the Turkish squadron on August 28 (September 8), Kapudan Pasha Hassan decided to hastily retreat, but Ushakov ordered an immediate attack on the Turks. When the Russian fleet approached the Turkish rearguard within shotgun range, Hassan Pasha ordered the other ships to turn back. These maneuvers of the Turkish fleet allowed Ushakov's ships to lie on a parallel course, shorten the distance and begin a massive shelling of Turkish ships. Having received a lot of damage, the Turks retreated. On the morning of August 29 (September 9), it turned out that the Turkish squadron was close to the Russian one, and Ushakov continued to pursue it. The Russians managed to sink several enemy ships, including the best - the flagship "Kapudaniye", as well as capture battleship Meleki-Bakhri. The victory in the battle at Cape Tendra made it possible to transfer the galley flotilla to the Danube, which significantly strengthened the Russian army. Rear Admiral Fedor Fedorovich Ushakov was awarded the Order of St. George, 2nd class.

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September 8 - Day of the Borodino battle of the Russian army under the command of M.I. Kutuzov with the French army (1812) Battle of Borodino (in the French tradition - the battle on the Moscow River, French Bataille de la Moskowa) - the largest battle Patriotic War 1812 between the Russian and French armies. It took place on September 7 (August 26 according to the old style), 1812, near the village of Borodino (125 km west of Moscow). Formally, the battle ended with the victory of the French troops under Napoleon, although the French did not manage to win a decisive victory over the Russian troops under the command of General Kutuzov, sufficient to win the entire campaign. The subsequent retreat of the Russian army after the battle was dictated by strategic considerations and ultimately led to the defeat of Napoleon. Russian historian N.P. Mikhnevich reported this review of Napoleon about the battle: “Of all my battles, the most terrible is the one I fought near Moscow. The French showed themselves worthy of victory in it, and the Russians acquired the right to be invincible ... Of the fifty battles I gave, in the battle near Moscow [the French] showed the most valor and won the least success. According to the memoirs of the French General Pele, a participant in the Battle of Borodino, Napoleon often repeated a similar phrase: ““The battle of Borodino was the most beautiful and most formidable, that the French showed themselves worthy of victory, and the Russians deserved to be invincible”

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December 1 - Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of P.S. Nakhimov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Sinop (1853) The battle of Sinop is the defeat of the Turkish fleet by the Russian squadron, under the command of Admiral Nakhimov. Historians regard it as the "swan song" of the sailing fleet and the first battle Crimean War. The Turkish fleet was defeated within a few hours. This attack served as a pretext for Britain and France to declare war on Russia. Vice-Admiral Nakhimov (84-gun ships "Empress Maria", "Chesma" and "Rostislav") was sent by Prince Prince Menshikov to cruise to the shores of Anatolia. There was information that the Turks in Sinop were preparing forces for landing troops near Sukhum and Poti. Approaching Sinop, Nakhimov saw in the bay a detachment of Turkish ships (twice as large) under the protection of 6 coastal batteries and decided to closely block the port in order to attack the enemy with the arrival of reinforcements from Sevastopol. On November 16 (28), 1853, a squadron of Rear Adm. Novosilsky (120-gun ships "Paris", "Grand Prince Konstantin" and "3 Saints", frigates "Cahul" and "Kulevchi"). The Turks could be reinforced by the allied Anglo-French fleet, located in the Beshik-Kertez Bay (Dardanelles Strait). At the end of the battle, the ships of the Russian fleet began to repair damage to the rigging and spars, and on November 20 (December 2) they weighed anchor to proceed to Sevastopol in tow of steamers. Beyond Cape Sinop, the squadron met a large swell from NO, so that the steamers were forced to give up tugboats. At night the wind picked up and the ships sailed on. On the 22nd (December 4), around noon, the victorious ships entered the Sevastopol raid with general rejoicing.

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February 23 - Defender of the Fatherland Day February 23 - Victory Day of the Red Army over the Kaiser troops of Germany (1918) - Defenders of the Fatherland Day. Immediately after the October Revolution of 1917, the Soviet government had to fight not only with internal, but also with external enemies - the First World War, hostilities took place on the territory of Russia. On February 18, 1918, the Austro-German (there were only 39 German divisions) and Turkish troops, treacherously violating the truce concluded on December 15, 1917, invaded Soviet Russia and proceeded to the occupation of Ukraine, Belarus and the Baltic states. On February 21, German troops captured Minsk. On this day Soviet government appealed to the people with an appeal "The Socialist Fatherland is in danger!" On February 23, the Day of the Red Army was held in Petrograd under the slogan of defending the socialist Fatherland from the Kaiser's troops. In Petrograd alone, tens of thousands of volunteers rose up to repulse the enemy. The newly formed units of the Red Army immediately entered the battle against the German troops. Since 1922, February 23 has acquired the character of a great national holiday, as the Birthday of the Red Army. On February 22, 1922, a parade of the troops of the Moscow garrison took place on Red Square, and in the evening - a solemn meeting of the Moscow Council together with representatives of the military units of the Moscow garrison. Since 1923, by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic, February 23 was celebrated annually as the Day of the Red Army. Since 1946, the holiday has been called the Day of the Soviet Army and Navy. On February 10, 1995, the State Duma of Russia adopted the federal law "On the days of military glory (victory days) of Russia", in which this day is called as follows: "February 23 - Day of the victory of the Red Army over the Kaiser troops of Germany (1918) - Day of Defenders of the Fatherland" .

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December 5 - The day of the start of the Soviet counter-offensive against the Nazi troops in the battle of Moscow (1941) Moscow battle (September 30, 1941 - April 20, 1942) - the fighting of Soviet and German troops in the Moscow direction. On the Soviet side, it included the Moscow defensive strategic operation, the counteroffensive near Moscow, and the Rzhev-Vyazemsky strategic operation. Adolf Hitler considered taking Moscow, the capital of the USSR and the largest Soviet city, as one of the main military and political goals of Operation Barbarossa. In German and Western military history known as "Operation Typhoon". The battle for Moscow was one of the turning points of the Second World War, during which the Wehrmacht was for the first time seriously defeated. Although the Wehrmacht had to retreat even before this battle (during the offensive of the Soviet troops near Yelnya in September 1941 and the battle for Rostov), ​​but these were much less serious defeats than near Moscow. The battle for Moscow is one of the biggest battles of the war in terms of the number of troops involved and the losses incurred. Shortly before the battle, the political instructor of the Panfilov division, Vasily Klochkov, told his soldiers: "Russia is great, but there is nowhere to retreat - Moscow is behind us!" In Moscow, near the walls of the Kremlin, in the Alexander Garden, there is the tomb of the Unknown Soldier, who died in the battle near Moscow. The monument was unveiled on the 30th anniversary of the battle.

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February 2 - Day of the defeat of the Nazi troops by the Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad (1943) The Battle of Stalingrad was one of major events Second World War. The battle included an attempt by the Wehrmacht to capture the left bank of the Volga near Stalingrad (modern Volgograd) and the city itself. The confrontation in the city, and the counter-offensive of the Red Army (Operation Uranus), as a result of which the 6th Army of the Wehrmacht and other forces of Germany's allies inside and around the city were surrounded and partly destroyed, partly captured. According to rough estimates, the total losses of both sides in this battle exceed 2 million people. The Axis powers lost large numbers of men and weapons, and subsequently failed to fully recover from the defeat. I.V. Stalin wrote: “Stalingrad was the decline of the German fascist army. After the Battle of Stalingrad, as you know, the Germans could not recover.” For Soviet Union, which also suffered heavy losses during the battle, the victory at Stalingrad marked the beginning of the liberation of the country, and the victorious march through Europe, which led to the final defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945.

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August 23 - Day of the defeat of the Nazi troops by the Soviet troops in the Battle of Kursk (1943) scope, involved forces and means, tension, results and military-political consequences, is one of the key battles of the Great Patriotic War. The Battle of Kursk lasted forty-nine days - from July 5 to August 23, 1943. In Soviet and Russian historiography, it is customary to divide the battle into three parts: the Kursk defensive operation (July 5-23); Orel (July 12 - August 18) and Belgorod-Kharkov (August 3-23) offensive. The victory of the Soviet army near Kursk marked the final transition to the Allies of the strategic initiative in World War II. By the time the front was stabilized, Soviet troops had reached their starting positions for an offensive on the Dnieper. British-American forces landed in Sicily in the midst of the battle. The indirect result of the Battle of Kursk was the withdrawal of Italy from the war on September 8, 1943. After the end of the battle on the Kursk Bulge, the German command lost the opportunity to conduct strategic offensive operations. Local massive offensives, such as Watch on the Rhine (1944) or the Balaton operation (1945) were also not successful. Field Marshal Erich von Manstein, who developed and carried out Operation Citadel, later spoke of it as follows: “It was the last attempt to maintain our initiative in the East. With its failure, tantamount to failure, the initiative finally passed to the Soviet side. Therefore, Operation Citadel is a decisive turning point in the war on the Eastern Front.

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January 27 - Day of lifting the blockade of the city of Leningrad (1944) Breaking the blockade of Leningrad (1944). January 12-30, 1944 troops of the 67th army of Leningrad (commander from June 1942 lieutenant general, later Marshal of the Soviet Union L. A. Govorov), 2nd shock and part of the forces of the 8th armies of Volkhovsky (created on December 17, 1941, commander General of the Army K.A. Meretskov) of the fronts, with the support of long-range aviation, artillery and aviation of the Baltic Fleet, with counter strikes in a narrow ledge between Shlisselburg and Sinyavin (south of Lake Ladoga), broke the blockade ring and restored the land connection of Leningrad with the country. Through the formed corridor (8-10 km wide) for 17 days were laid Railway and the highway, but the problem of supplying the city has not yet been completely resolved: an important point is the Mga station on the railway. the Leningrad-Volkhov line remained in the hands of the enemy, the roads in the liberated lane were under constant fire from enemy artillery. Attempts to expand land communications (offensive in February-March 1943 on Mga and Sinyavino) did not achieve their goal. In July-August, on the Mginsky ledge, Soviet troops inflicted a heavy defeat on the troops of the 18th German Army and prevented the transfer of enemy troops to other fronts. The Battle of Leningrad was of great political and strategic importance. Soviet troops in the battle for Leningrad pulled back up to 15-20% of the enemy forces on the Eastern Front and the entire Finnish army, defeated up to 50 German divisions. Warriors and residents of the city showed examples of heroism and selfless devotion to the Motherland. Many units and formations that participated in the Battle of Leningrad were transformed into guards or became order-bearing. Hundreds of thousands of soldiers were awarded government awards, hundreds received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, five of them twice: A.E. Mazurenko, P.A. Pokryshev, V.I. Rakov, N.G. Stepanyan and N.V. Chelnokov.

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May 9 - Victory Day of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 Over 2.5 million soldiers and officers, 6250 tanks and self-propelled guns, 7500 aircraft were involved in the Berlin operation in 1945. On May 9, 1945, the Li-2 aircraft with the crew of A.I. landed at the Frunze Central Aerodrome of Moscow. Semenkov, who delivered to Moscow the act of surrender of Nazi Germany. And on June 24, the Victory Parade took place on Red Square. Marshal Rokossovsky commanded the parade, Marshal Zhukov took over the parade. At the parade, the consolidated regiments of the fronts marched in the following order: Karelian, Leningrad, 1st Baltic, 3rd, 2nd and 1st Belorussian, 1st, 4th, 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian , consolidated regiment of the Navy. As part of the regiment of the 1st Belorussian Front, representatives of the Polish Army marched in a special column. The commanders of the fronts and armies marched ahead of the combined regiments of the fronts, the Heroes of the Soviet Union carried the banners of famous units and formations. The parade ended with a march of 200 standard-bearers, throwing the banners of the defeated German troops onto the platform at the foot of the Mausoleum.

Class hour: "Days of military glory in Russia"

Goals: education of citizenship, national self-consciousness, development of students' worldview beliefs on the basis of their understanding of historically established cultural, national traditions, moral and social attitudes, ideological doctrines; development of the ability to determine one's own position in relation to the surrounding reality, to correlate one's views and principles with historically emerged worldview systems; the development of systematized knowledge about the history of Russia, the formation of a holistic view of the place and role of the listed events in the history of Russia.

• April 18 - Victory Day of the Russian soldiers of Prince Alexander Nevsky over the German knights on Lake Peipsi (Battle on the Ice, 1242).

Russian troops won a decisive victory.

400 knights were killed and 50 captured.

The defeated knights fled to the West.

Russian soldiers pursued them across the ice of the lake.

• She stopped the advance of the crusaders to the east, which had as its goal the conquest and colonization of Russian lands.
• According to Karl Marx, Alexander Nevsky defeated the German knights "... on the ice of Lake Peipsi, so that the scoundrels ... were finally thrown back from the Russian border" (Archive of Marx and Engels, vol. 5, 1938. p. 344).

• Order knights in 1243 "sent (ambassadors) with a bow" to Novgorod, abandoned their conquests in the Russian lands; in the same year a peace treaty was concluded between Novgorod and the Livonian Order. The struggle against the crusaders of the peoples of Lithuania and Pomerania intensified.
• The battle on the ice occupies an outstanding place in the history of Russian military art.

Russian lands;

• On the morning of September 8, 1380, a fierce battle unfolded on the Kulikovo field.
• According to legend, the battle began with a duel of heroes - the Horde Chelubey and the Russian Peresvet.
• Having dispersed the horses, with spears at the ready, the riders collided in a deadly fight and both fell dead

• The number of Russian rati was also about 50 thousand people.

• The combat experience of most Russian warriors was rich.
• Morale is high, because they shielded the Motherland from ruin.
• The readiness of a significant part is no worse than that of the Tatars.
• Armament and equipment are at the level and even higher than those of the Tatars.

• After the duel, the Mongol cavalry rushed to the advanced Russian regiment. The soldiers of this regiment fought steadfastly, but the superiority of the enemy was overwhelming. The regiment suffered heavy losses, but none of its soldiers retreated. It was the turn of the big regiment to fight.
• Despite the furious onslaught of the Horde, he resisted. Then Mamai transferred the blow to the regiment of the left hand, and at the cost of heavy losses, the Horde managed to push him out. Strengthening the onslaught, they began to bypass the large regiment, as if exposing their flank and rear to the ambush regiment.

Choosing a good moment, an ambush regiment

fell upon the enemy.

The Horde, who did not expect the appearance of fresh Russian forces, began to hastily retreat.

Soon, the rest of Dmitry's regiments went on the offensive and accelerated the defeat of the hordes of Mamai. The Horde commander fled from the battlefield.

The Russian cavalry pursued and finished off the remnants of Mamai's troops for 50 miles from the Kulikov field.

November 4 is the day Russia was saved from the biggest danger that ever threatened her.

The king of the Swedes barely had time to be taken out of the battlefield ...

.... Waking up from the fall, Charles XII orders to put himself on crossed peaks and lift him high so that everyone can see him. Under the onslaught of the Russian forces, the Swedes, who had lost their formation, began a disorderly retreat, which turned into a real flight by 11 o'clock. The fainting king was barely managed to be taken out of the battlefield.

December 5 - Day of military glory of Russia in honor of the start of the counteroffensive of the Soviet troops against the Nazi invaders in the battle of Moscow in 1941 is established federal law 32-FZ of March 13, 1995 "On the days of military glory (victory days) of Russia".

The German attack on Moscow began on 30 September. The battle for Moscow for the Soviet troops consisted of two periods: defensive (September 30 - December 5, 1941), offensive (December 5, 1941 and April 1942). Hitler was so sure of success that he defined the main installation for the troops as political goals, stating that the city should be surrounded so that “not a single Russian soldier, not a single resident, be it a man, woman or child, could leave it. Any attempt to escape must be suppressed by force!” He believed that Moscow and its environs would be flooded, and where the city stands today, a sea would arise that would forever hide the capital of the Russian people from the civilized world. The German attack on Moscow began on 30 September. The battle for Moscow for the Soviet troops consisted of two periods: defensive (September 30 - December 5, 1941), offensive (December 5, 1941 and April 1942). Hitler was so sure of success that he defined the main installation for the troops as political goals, stating that the city should be surrounded so that “not a single Russian soldier, not a single resident, be it a man, woman or child, could leave it. Any attempt to escape must be suppressed by force!” He believed that Moscow and its environs would be flooded, and where the city stands today, a sea would arise that would forever hide the capital of the Russian people from the civilized world.

PARADE on Red Square on November 7, 1941 On November 7, 1941, Hitler appointed a parade of his troops in defeated Moscow. But Moscow was saved by the greatest, unshakable fortitude of its defenders. A visible manifestation of this force was the military parade of Soviet troops on Red Square on November 7, 1941 at 8 o'clock in the morning. A powerful offensive of the Nazis during the days of the holiday could become a serious danger. On November 7, 1941, Hitler appointed a parade of his troops in defeated Moscow. But Moscow was saved by the greatest, unshakable fortitude of its defenders. A visible manifestation of this force was the military parade of Soviet troops on Red Square on November 7, 1941 at 8 o'clock in the morning. A powerful offensive of the Nazis during the days of the holiday could become a serious danger.

PARADE on Red Square on November 7, 1941, Stalin in this connection conceived a small military trick. He scheduled the parade for 10 am, and at the last moment moved it to 8, when it was still dark in the capital. The enemy was confused. On November 7, 1941, 24,500 Soviet soldiers marched through Red Square. It was the shortest parade in the history of our Armed Forces - it lasted only 25 minutes along with Stalin's speech. But in terms of the strength of its impact on the morale of the Soviet troops, society, and humanity in general, it has no equal. In this regard, Stalin conceived a small military trick. He scheduled the parade for 10 am, and at the last moment moved it to 8, when it was still dark in the capital. The enemy was confused. On November 7, 1941, 24,500 Soviet soldiers marched through Red Square. It was the shortest parade in the history of our Armed Forces - it lasted only 25 minutes along with Stalin's speech. But in terms of the strength of its impact on the morale of the Soviet troops, society, and humanity in general, it has no equal.

Determination and Courage of the Soviet People The increased strength of the resistance of the Soviet troops, the struggle of partisans behind enemy lines, the selflessness of Muscovites, and the help of the whole country played a decisive role in frustrating the plans of the enemy. Soviet troops managed to stop a powerful enemy grouping literally at the walls of the capital (12 km from the modern border north of the city), taming the enemy Typhoon.

The first victory On December 12, 1941, the significant message of the Moscow Radio spread around the world: “On December 6, 1941, the troops of our front, having exhausted the enemy in previous battles, launched a counteroffensive against his flank groups. As a result of the launched offensive, both of these groups were defeated and hastily retreated, abandoning their equipment, weapons and suffering huge losses.

Advance along the entire front. December 9-20 - The Red Army liberated Rogachevo, Istra, Solnechnogorsk, Klin, Kalinin, Volokolamsk. By mid-January 1942, Soviet troops liberated 11 thousand settlements, eliminated the danger of encirclement of Tula, pushed the enemy back 100-250 km from Moscow. The counteroffensive near Moscow was turned into a general offensive along the entire front, which continued until April 1942.

Scheme of the counter-offensive of the Soviet troops near Moscow The Mozhaisk line of defense became the main line of resistance on the outskirts of Moscow. In total, at this turn from the "Moscow Sea" to the confluence of the river. Ugra with Oka (230 km) in the four Soviet armies, there were only about 90 thousand people.

We will not stand up for the price ... The victory near Moscow came at a high price. Only in December 1941, the Western, Kalinin, Southwestern (Bryansk) fronts lost about 332 thousand people killed, wounded and captured. And by mid-January 1942, many divisions had only 200-300 active bayonets. And ahead were Stalingrad, the Kursk Bulge, the Dnieper ... Until May 1945, there were long 3.5 years of bloody battles and millions of losses. But it was on the outskirts of the capital in December 1941 that the Great Victory was built. The victory near Moscow came at a high price. Only in December 1941, the Western, Kalinin, Southwestern (Bryansk) fronts lost about 332 thousand people killed, wounded and captured. And by mid-January 1942, many divisions had only 200-300 active bayonets. And ahead were Stalingrad, the Kursk Bulge, the Dnieper ... Until May 1945, there were long 3.5 years of bloody battles and millions of losses. But it was on the outskirts of the capital in December 1941 that the Great Victory was built.

Significance of the victory of Soviet troops near Moscow Soviet troops won the first major victory over the Nazis during the Great Patriotic War. The myth of the "invincibility" of the German army was dispelled. The fascists were wrested from the strategic initiative. Near Moscow, the fascist strategy of "blitzkrieg" finally collapsed. The leadership of Germany was faced with the need to wage a protracted war. After such a defeat and huge losses, the widely publicized new spring offensive on the Eastern Front in 1942, widely publicized by Hitler's headquarters, did not take place. Hitler came to the conclusion that, after the German troops came to their senses, it would be possible to carry out a strike on only one strategic direction- southern. To continue the war, Germany urgently needed oil from the Caucasus and wheat from Stavropol and Kuban. Soviet troops won the first major victory over the Nazis during the Great Patriotic War. The myth of the "invincibility" of the German army was dispelled. The fascists were wrested from the strategic initiative. Near Moscow, the fascist strategy of "blitzkrieg" finally collapsed. The leadership of Germany was faced with the need to wage a protracted war. After such a defeat and huge losses, the widely publicized new spring offensive on the Eastern Front in 1942, widely publicized by Hitler's headquarters, did not take place. Hitler came to the conclusion that, after the German troops came to their senses, it would be possible to strike only in one strategic direction - the south. To continue the war, Germany urgently needed oil from the Caucasus and wheat from Stavropol and Kuban.

Significance of the victory of the Soviet troops near Moscow economic terms central region European Russia remained in Soviet hands. This, in turn, made it possible to mobilize resources to continue the war. The USSR won time to strengthen its military-industrial base in the eastern regions of the country. The spirit of the Soviet people was raised in the fight against the enemy. The economically most important Central Region of European Russia remained in Soviet hands. This, in turn, made it possible to mobilize resources to continue the war. The USSR won time to strengthen its own in the eastern regions of the country. military industrial bases. The spirit of the Soviet people was raised in the fight against the enemy. The economically most important Central Region of European Russia remained in Soviet hands. This, in turn, made it possible to mobilize resources to continue the war. The USSR won time to strengthen its military-industrial base in the eastern regions of the country. The spirit of the Soviet people was raised in the fight against the enemy. The economically most important Central Region of European Russia remained in Soviet hands. This, in turn, made it possible to mobilize resources to continue the war. The USSR won time to strengthen its military-industrial base in the eastern regions of the country. The spirit of the Soviet people was raised in the fight against the enemy.

Medal "For the Defense of Moscow" The medal "For the Defense of Moscow" was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 1, 1944. As of January 1, 1995, approximately one person was awarded the medal "For the Defense of Moscow". The medal "For the Defense of Moscow" was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 1, 1944. As of January 1, 1995, approximately one person was awarded the medal "For the Defense of Moscow".

The battle near Moscow was marked by mass heroism and self-sacrifice of the Soviet people. For valor and courage shown in battles, 40 units and formations were awarded the title of guards, 36 thousand soldiers were awarded orders and medals, 181 people were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.