How is tap according to snip. Technical and economic indicators of the designed building

What are the technical and economic indicators of the project and which of them are most important for planning and organizing a business? With the help of technical and economic indicators, one can draw conclusions about how efficiently the enterprise uses resources, whether the quality of the products is sufficiently high, and whether there are ways to optimize to increase productivity. This information can be used for analysis already current production, and can become the basis for the preparation of a feasibility study for the project.

Technical and economic indicators is a set of characteristics of the material and production base of an enterprise or a project under development. They are fundamentally important for both an existing enterprise and a start-up. On their basis, an analysis of the prospects of the company or production as a whole is carried out.

Technical and economic characteristics perform the following functions:

• provide comprehensive objective information on the effectiveness of the use of existing or potential resources;
• are used for production planning, calculation of production costs, expenses, revenues and profits;
• serve as a basis for assessing the actions of the company's management;
• are used to compare the company with competitors, allow you to determine its place and prospects in the market, find new competitive advantages or ways to create them;
• can become the basis for the development of a reform or optimization program;
• allow you to prepare summary data for investors, on the basis of which the prospects for investing in a project are evaluated.

Monitoring the technical and economic characteristics helps startup leaders to understand whether they are moving in the right direction or if it is necessary to change the development vector. For investors, this information is valuable for its practical orientation: a project confirmed by such data looks more convincing than a presentation without specific calculations and objective data.

Technical and economic indicators are used to characterize any project

Key technical and economic indicators

The following table will help you figure out which technical and economic indicators should be in focus when developing a project or evaluating an enterprise:

Index	a brief description of
Productive capacity	The maximum available volume of products, goods, services on existing equipment. As a rule, it is estimated in natural units of measurement - pieces, units, kilograms, tons, meters, etc.
Actual output	How many products are actually produced. The indicator is compared with the maximum production capacity.
Capacity utilization rate	Depends on the two previous factors, is defined as the ratio of actual output to productivity at maximum capacity.
Marketable products	The cost of the actual output. It is measured in money - rubles, dollars or euros.
Production cost	An indicator that displays how much resources the manufacturer spends on the production of products.
Revenue from goods sold and services	Shows how much the company actually earned from selling products.
The cost of fixed assets	The initial cost of fixed assets of production - equipment, real estate, machinery.
return on assets	Efficiency of the use of fixed assets
Number of working personnel	How many people are involved in production.
Administrative staff	How many employees are involved in project management.
Labor productivity	It is calculated as the ratio of actually manufactured products to the number of production staff.
Average monthly salary	The average salary of employees of the enterprise can be calculated separately for workers and managers.
Personnel characteristics	An extensive group of data, which includes information about the age, education, gender of employees.

The table shows the main characteristics that any project feasibility study includes (see the next section). However, this does not mean that the list is limited to them. If necessary, project managers or authors can expand it with other characteristics - cost per unit of output, marketable products per 1 worker, number of managers per 1 worker, profitability and average annual headcount. When choosing characteristics, first of all, it is necessary to be guided solely by the needs of a particular project.

A feasibility study of the project will outline its prospects for investors and lenders

What is the feasibility study of the project

A project feasibility study (feasibility study) is a document that describes the feasibility of creating a new product, new service, new production, etc. It is developed not for an existing business, but for a business that is being created, launched, entering the market. Its main purpose is to show investors how profitable or unprofitable a project that has not yet been implemented. A feasibility study may be required by the customer, the new head of the company or one of the founders of the project.

There are no strict requirements for what the justification will contain. In each individual case, this is a unique set of parameters and characteristics that objectively describe the project. A feasibility study should not be confused with a startup presentation or business plan. It contains the most objective data, does not include a marketing component, subjective assessments and hypothetical assumptions.

A feasibility study is a system of maximally objective data that are directly dependent on each other.

The calculation of technical and economic indicators involves the use of the same indicators - the value of funds, the number of products, etc. The basis of the justification will be the indicators presented in the table from the previous section. Which of them should be included and which should be excluded is decided directly by the developers.

Algorithm for creating a feasibility study for various objects

As a rule, the creation of a feasibility study for projects goes through the same stages, regardless of the area in which they are supposed to be implemented. The format of the justification largely depends on its addressee: investors will like a presentation with a detailed text report, the lender will be more interested in a short summary. It is the addressee that should be the key criterion when creating a justification.

The development of a feasibility study goes through the following stages:

1. idea and short description project. Developers write down exactly what they want to create and how it will work.
2. Listing necessary equipment, capacities, raw materials, suppliers, personnel. Developers describe how and with what help their project will work.
3. Calculation of production capacities. At this stage, it is necessary to calculate how much, in what volume and at what speed will be produced, and also to calculate whether this is enough to compete in the market.
4. Economic justification. The authors of the project consider the cost of production, monthly and annual revenue, profit.
5. Assessment of prospects. Based on all the calculations, the developers draw a conclusion about the prospects of their project. The justification helps to see the real picture of the competitiveness of the project, to attract creditors and investors.

The development of a feasibility study will take a long time and will require the involvement of several specialists

Sample Feasibility Study

To better understand what a feasibility study is and what stages it goes through, consider an example. It should be borne in mind that in each individual case, the stages and their content may differ. The creation of a feasibility study can be compared to the preparation of a report or a business plan: the general sequence of actions is approximately the same, but the specifics of the project fill them with different content.

A sample of a feasibility study for an enterprise for the production of rubber crumb:

Project idea- processing and disposal of waste rubber (mainly rubber tires) in order to earn money.

Summary- small business, the number of employees up to 15 people. There are 1-2 competitors on the market, but the demand for rubber recycling is generally high, the current situation encourages earnings in this industry. The information in this section is based on an analysis of the market in the region, so you must first collect and process large volume information.

List of necessary premises and equipment for business:

• warehouse for storage of raw materials;
• rubber crumb mixer;
• packaging line.

In this section, developers list everything they need to work, as well as find the combined cost of equipment and real estate. The result of the section should be a specific amount with which you can start the project from scratch.

When the list of necessary equipment is prepared, it is necessary to calculate how much production it will produce. IN this project this is about crumb rubber, the amount of which will directly depend on 2 factors: the uninterrupted supply of raw materials (rubber waste) and the power of the mixer. You can find out exactly how much crumbs the mixer can process per shift. technical documentation or after a full day of work. The second option is preferable, because it provides for the dependence of the indicator on the speed of the employees.

When the maximum and actual production capacities are known, they calculate how many products the company will produce per shift, week, month. The cost price, the optimal trade margin and the market price of the crumb are calculated. Based on these amounts, the revenue and profit of the enterprise for the first month and all subsequent periods are calculated.

As a result, a full-fledged justification should be obtained as to why the project is viable or not viable, whether it is worth or worth investing money and effort in its implementation.

Conclusion

A feasibility study helps startup developers and investors assess the prospects of projects. The content of the feasibility study may differ significantly in different cases, because it depends on the specifics of the industry. The basis of the justification will be technical and economic characteristics, which are presented in our material in the form of a convenient table with a brief description.

relevancecontrol work is that all organizations face the challenge economic evaluation its financial and business activities. The choice of what to produce, in what quantity and assortment, at what price and for what quality. The price has a very big impact on the market position and profit of the enterprise.

Prices are an active tool for shaping the structure of production, have a decisive impact on the movement public product, contribute to increasing the efficiency of production, affect the distribution and use of labor, predetermine the standard of living of the population.

Market economy is based on independent, economically justified producers, and for them prices are a decisive factor in the results of the production and financial activities of the company. Correctly chosen price policy, in accordance with market conditions - the correct tactics of pricing, economically verified pricing methods form the basis for the successful operation of any organization.

An organization can achieve production efficiency by defining the following objectives:

What goods to produce, quantity and quality;

Is it worth expanding the production capacity of the enterprise;

Get maximum profit;

Market conquest;

Cost reduction;

Fight against competing products;

Growth in production and sales.

aim control work are consideration of the efficiency of the enterprise by analyzing the technical and economic indicators of industrial and production activities.

Technical and economic indicators of the enterprise

Technical and economic indicators, a system of meters that characterizes the material and production base of enterprises and the integrated use of resources. Technical and economic indicators are used to plan and analyze the organization of production and labor, the level of technology, product quality, the use of fixed and working capital, labor resources.

Table 1.

The main technical and economic indicators of the enterprise

for the base period.

No. p / p	Indicators	Units	First base period	Second base period	Ratio 2 bases. period to 1, %
1	Average annual production capacity	Thousand rub.	801,7	801,7	100
2	Volume of production	Thousand rub.	835,4	851,2	101,9
3	Marketable products	Million rub.	71,5	75,9	106,2
4	Average annual number of PPP	Pers.	103	105	101,9
5	Full cost of production	Million rub.	68,4	70,1	102,5
6	Average annual cost basic (OPF) production assets	Million rub.	15,4	16,1	104,5
Derived indicators
7	Cost per unit of marketable output	rub.	0,96	0,92	95,8
8	Marketable products per 1 worker	thousand roubles.	694	722,9	104,2
9	return on assets	rub.	4,64	4,71	101,5
10	Profit	million rubles	3,1	5,8	187
11	Profitability	%	4,5	8,3	-

1. During the analyzed period, the production capacity at the enterprise has not changed and amounts to 801.7 thousand rubles, which indicates the constancy of the main production assets.

The volume of fixed production assets and the degree of their use is determined by the production capacity of the enterprise.

The production capacity of the enterprise is characterized by the maximum number products and their range, which can be produced by him in a unit of time with full use fixed production assets.

Production capacity is subject to change. The longer the planning period, the higher the likelihood of such changes.

The main reasons for the changes are: installation of new pieces of equipment to replace obsolete ones; depreciation of equipment; commissioning of new capacities; change in equipment performance due to changes in the quality of raw materials, equipment upgrades; changes in the structure of raw materials, the composition of raw materials or semi-finished products; equipment operation mode

The following factors influence the value of production capacity:

Technical factors: quantitative and qualitative composition of fixed assets; degree of mechanization and automation of technological processes; quality of raw materials.

Organizational factors: the level of organization of production, labor and management.

Economic factors: forms wages and incentives for employees.

Social factors: qualification level of workers, their professionalism; level of preparation.

Production capacity is determined by the capacity of the leading workshops, units or sections.

2. The volume of production in kind in the second base period increased by 1.9% compared to the first base period.

This is due to an increase in output in physical terms and an increase in prices for manufactured products. Factors that determine the volume of production: the provision of the enterprise with labor resources and the efficiency of their use; security of the enterprise with fixed production assets (OPF) and the efficiency of their use; provision of production with raw materials and materials and the efficiency of their use.

Namely, the increase in the volume of production of marketable products was the expansion of the range, the improvement of the quality of products, the increase in demand for manufactured products and the expansion of the sales market.

The volume of production is the result of the activity of the enterprise for the production of any product and provided production services. Its volume includes the cost of only that part of the manufactured products that was sold and paid for by the buyer. In practice, this indicator is called the sold shaft. Marketable products include actually sold products and the cost of products that are in the warehouse of the enterprise or sent to the consumer, but not paid for by him.

3. Commodity output increased in the second base period by 6.2%. Factors that determine the release of marketable products: labor resources (people employed in production), means of labor (land, equipment), objects of labor (raw materials, materials).

In this case, the increase in the output of marketable products occurred as a result of an increase in production volumes and an increase in wholesale prices for products.

Commodity products - products to be implemented. The output of commercial products depends on external factors A: market needs, number of markets, consumer demand, and prices.

4. The number of industrial production staff in the analyzed period increased by 2 people, due to the increase in production volume.

Rational use of workforce is an indispensable condition for ensuring the continuity of production and the successful implementation of production plans and business processes.

In connection with the increase in fixed production assets and the volume of marketable output, the organization needed to increase the number of industrial and production personnel, which in turn increased the number of marketable products and profits, respectively. The main thing in the organization is labor resources, which in turn must be highly qualified in their field of employment in production. The quantity of manufactured products and its quality depend on the industrial and production personnel. Next, the manager promotes the product to the market.

Labor productivity can be calculated by the volume of production, expressed in gross output, marketable output or sold products. The calculation of labor productivity in terms of gross output does not fully characterize its actual level, because. strongly depends on the volume of work in progress, on the cost of materials and components that are not related to labor productivity. The calculation of labor productivity for marketable products reflects its actual level and does not depend on the volume of work in progress, but depends on the cost of materials and components. With constant costs for these items of expenditure and when calculating labor productivity for marketable products, expressed in natural units, this indicator correctly reflects labor productivity if the calculation of labor productivity is carried out in natural units. In some cases, the labor productivity of only production workers can be calculated.

5. The cost of commercial products in the second base period increased by 2.5%. increased the volume of output of marketable products.

The cost price is all costs incurred as a result of the production of goods, the provision of services.

The cost includes material costs - for raw materials, materials; labor costs for industrial and production personnel, deductions for wages, depreciation of fixed production assets, costs for electricity and heat, advertising.

The increase in prime cost was caused by an increase in output by 6.2%, an increase in prices for raw materials.

Introduction of new technology, complex mechanization and automation production processes, improvement of technology, the introduction of progressive types of materials can significantly reduce the cost of production.

Reducing the cost of production is ensured primarily by increasing labor productivity. With the growth of labor productivity, labor costs per unit of output are reduced, and, consequently, the share of wages in the cost structure.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the structural unit and the entire enterprise is necessary condition competent management and entrepreneurial decision-making. As a rule, the evaluation of the effectiveness of the enterprise is based on the analysis of various financial indicators. Based on the calculations of these indicators, enterprise management should adjust production processes, improve enterprise production management in order to increase production efficiency.

Relevance of the topic: Production efficiency - the ratio between the results of production - products and services, on the one hand, and labor costs and means of production - on the other. It is the most important qualitative indicator of the economy, its technical equipment and labor qualifications. Comparison of costs and results is used in the practice of managing firms, enterprises and other business entities.

Capital investments are real investments (investments) in fixed capital (fixed assets), including the costs of new construction, expansion, reconstruction and technical re-equipment of existing enterprises, the purchase of machinery, equipment, design and survey work and other costs, as well as costs for housing and cultural and domestic construction.

Capital investments, being the basis for the development of the material and technical base of economic entities.

The table contains the calculation of the cost of equipment at market prices.

The production program (production plan) of an enterprise is a certain volume and range of products of appropriate quality, reflecting the demand for this product and the real possibilities of production to meet this demand. It is the most important section of the business plan.

The table contains the calculation of the production program.

The plan of the enterprise establishes the quantity of basic and auxiliary materials, tools, fuel and other material resources required to perform the annual exchange of work.

IN economic terms it is the most significant part of production costs. The economical use of materials and resources is a very significant factor in reducing the cost of production and reducing the need for the enterprise working capital.

The logistics plan is developed on the basis of production programs, standards and norms for the consumption of raw materials, fuel, energy, components, savings measures, material balances at the beginning and end of the year, prices for all types of resources.

Payroll planning involves determining the amount of funds needed to pay employees in accordance with the planned output of products in a given range and of the established quality, as well as establishing the correct ratios in wage levels for the shops of the enterprise and categories of workers, taking into account the nature of production, differences in skill levels , working conditions.

The wage plan is determined based on the total number of employees, tariff rates, salaries, accepted systems of remuneration and bonuses.

According to the structural subdivisions, the factory wage fund is distributed taking into account the labor intensity of the work performed, working conditions and its importance for production.

Production cost planning is carried out in order to determine the total cost of the enterprise, as well as to calculate the unit cost of production. As you know, planning is one of the most important functions of management, therefore, in order to achieve the goals of control, accounting and analysis, cost planning must be organized in such a way that grouping of costs is possible.

Cost planning is the process of establishing production costs and identifying ways to reduce them to maximize profits.

The initial data for the development of a cost plan are: planned production volumes, consumption rates of material and labor resources, contracts for the supply of material resources and the sale of products, economic standards, the content of the enterprise development plan, etc.

Table 2.7 - Calculation of the cost of production

Costing article	Cost price
Units of production, rub.	All products, thousand rubles
Raw materials and basic materials	41,16	24597,22
Auxiliary, packaging materials, containers	95,28	56939,77
Basic and additional wages of production workers	6,31	3771,71
Social contributions (30% of salary)	1,89	1131,51
Energy cost	20,17	12050,84
Expenses for the maintenance and operation of equipment (170% of the total payroll of production workers)	10,73	6411,90
General production expenses (in 5 times the amount of the tariff fund for the wages of workers):	22,54	13470,38
including administrative salaries management personnel	1,63	975,00
Production (shop) cost	198,08	118373,33
General factory, general business expenses (3.6% of the total payroll of production workers)	0,23	135,78
Factory cost	198,31	118509,11
Non-manufacturing expenses (2.5% of the amount of production cost)	4,95	2959,33
Full cost of production	203,26	121468,45

Grade economic efficiency costs incurred during the implementation of the project is central to the choice options investment of funds. The effectiveness of the project as a whole shows its potential attractiveness for potential participants and sources of funding. The effectiveness of participation in the project is determined in order to verify its feasibility and the interest of all participants in it.

In order to more fully characterize the quality of the work of enterprises, an indicator is used - the level of profitability, which is expressed as a percentage of the amount of profit to the average annual cost of fixed assets and normalized working capital.

P \u003d P / PF × 100% , (3.1)

where P is the level of profitability, expressed as a percentage;

P - the amount of balance sheet profit;

PF - the average annual cost of fixed assets and normalized working capital.

To determine the efficiency of production of certain types of products, an indicator of the level of profitability of a particular type of product is used.

P \u003d P / Cp × 100% , (3.2)

where P is the level of profitability separate species products expressed in%;

P - profit received from the sale of this type of product;

Sp - the total cost of this type of product.

The initial basis for determining the wholesale price (C.opt) is the unit cost of production (Sb.) and the planned level of its profitability (P).

C.opt \u003d Sat + Pr, (3.3)

where Pr - profit

C.opt \u003d 203.26 + 30.49 \u003d 233.75 thousand rubles.

Profit per unit of production will be:

Pr \u003d Sat × 15% / 100% , (3.4)

where 15% is the planned level of profitability.

Pr \u003d 203.26 × 15% / 100% \u003d 30.49 thousand rubles.

The calculation of marketable products is carried out according to the following formula

Tp \u003d Tsopt × VP, (3.5)

where Tp - commercial products

Zopt - wholesale unit price

VP - output (volume in physical terms according to the task).

Tp \u003d 233.75 × 597.6 \u003d 139689.00 thousand rubles;

The calculation of the profit of the volume of production is carried out according to the formula

Pr \u003d Tp - Sat, (3.6)

where Sat - the cost of the entire volume of production.

Pr \u003d 139689 - 121468.45 \u003d 18220.55 thousand rubles.

We determine the level of profitability of the entire volume of production

Rent \u003d Pr / Sat × 100% , (3.7)

Rent = 18220.55 / 121468.45× 100% = 15%

Determine the cost of one ruble of marketable products

Zat \u003d Sat / Tp, (3.8)

Zat \u003d 121468.45 / 139689.00 \u003d 0.87 rubles.

Labor productivity is determined by the formula

Fri \u003d Tp / Chp, (3.9)

where Fri - labor productivity (output per worker)

Np - the number of production personnel

Fri \u003d 139689.00 / 32 \u003d 4365.28 thousand rubles.

Fri \u003d Vp / Chp, (3.10)

Fri \u003d 597.6 / 32 \u003d 18.68 thousand gave. in kind

Indicators of the use of fixed assets include:

return on assets

F dep. = Tp / Of, (3.11)

F dep. \u003d 139689.00 / 43274.60 \u003d 3.23 rubles.

Capital-labor ratio (F voor.)

F voor. = Of / Chp, (3.12)

F voor. = 43274.60 / 32 = 1352.33 thousand rubles.

Indicators of the use of working capital (NOS) include:

Turnover ratio (Kob)

Kob \u003d Tp / NOS, (3.13)

Kob \u003d 139689 / 12146.85 \u003d 11.5 rev.

Duration of one revolution (T)

T \u003d 360 / Kob, (3.14)

T \u003d 360 / 11.5 \u003d 31 days

The profitability of production assets reflects the efficiency of their use (Pf) and is calculated as follows:

Rent. = Pr / Pf × 100% , (3.15)

Rent. = 18220.55 / 55421.45 × 100% = 33%

Calculation of economic efficiency capital investments carried out by calculating their payback period (To)

To = K / Pr, (3.16)

To = 43274.6 / 18220.55 = 2.4 years

The coefficient of economic efficiency of capital investments (En) is the inverse indicator of the payback period. The indicator of the effectiveness of capital investments characterizes the annual effect obtained from the ruble of the capital investments that caused it

En \u003d 1 / To × 100% , (3.17)

En \u003d 1 / 2.4 × 100% \u003d 42%

The calculated technical and economic indicators of the enterprise are presented in the table.

Table 3.1 - Summary table of the main technical and economic indicators of the enterprise

Name of indicator	Unit	Indicator value
Output
- in kind	thousand gave.	597,60
- in value terms	thousand roubles.	139689,00
Labor productivity
- in kind	thousand gave.	18,68
- in value terms	thousand roubles.	4365,28
Number of workers	people
Production cost
- units of production	thousand roubles.	203,26
- all products	thousand roubles.	121468,45
Profit of all products	thousand roubles.	18220,55
OF usage indicators
- return on assets	rub.	3,23
- capital-labor ratio	thousand roubles.	1352,33
Indicators of the use of working capital
- turnover ratio	rev.	11,5
- duration of one turn	days
Indicator of the use of production assets (profitability)	%
Product profitability	%
Return on capital investment	of the year	2,4
Coefficient of economic efficiency of capital investments En	%

As a result of the calculation of the main technical and economic indicators, it can be concluded that structural subdivision has a number of positive results in social and economic terms, such as:

The output is 597.6 thousand decalitres;

4365.28 thousand rubles were produced per worker;

Product profitability is 15%;

Received profit from the sale of products 18220.55 thousand rubles;

The payback period for capital investments is 2.4 years.

The influence of managerial work on a variety of indicators of production activity is determined in the process of production management, which affects the entire multilateral activity of the structural unit. At the same time, its effectiveness is reduced to cost savings resulting from the impact of management personnel on production activities enterprise, commensurate with the costs of management.

Table 4.1 - Economic efficiency of rationalization of the management structure of the unit

Indicators	Meaning
1. General performance indicators	-
Gross output per employee, thousand rubles	4365,28
Earned profit per employee, thousand rubles	569,39
General payroll:	4746,71
- main and auxiliary workers, thousand rubles.	3771,71
- AUP of a structural unit, thousand rubles.	975,00
2. Profitability of the control apparatus	-
Specific gravity salaries of management employees in general fund salaries, %
3. Productivity of managerial work	-
Production of marketable products per employee of the department, thousand rubles.	34922,25

The share of salaries of management employees in the total salary fund is 21%, which indicates the economic efficiency of the management structure of the unit.

The productivity of managerial labor is characterized by the indicator of production of marketable products per employee of management, which is 34922.25 thousand rubles, which is 8 times (34922.25 / 4365.28) more than the production of gross output per worker.

After analyzing all the relevant materials, it is possible to calculate the effectiveness of managerial work, using the data in table 4.2.

Table 4.2 - Calculation of the economic efficiency of managerial work

Indicators	Meaning
1. The cost of gross output, thousand rubles.	139689,00
2. The average annual cost of fixed production assets, thousand rubles.	43274,6
3. Average annual number of management employees, pers.
4. Average annual number of employees employed in production, pers.
5. Costs for management (remuneration of labor of AUP), thousand rubles.	975,00
6. Labor costs of workers employed in production, thousand rubles.	3771,71
7. The share of remuneration of employees of management in the total wage fund,%
8. Accounts for one management employee: gross output, thousand rubles. (1:3) fixed production assets, thousand rubles. (2:3) workers employed in production, pers. (4:3)	34922,25 10818,65
9. Payback ratio production costs(cost / net income(revenue)	0,87
10. Management efficiency ratio (1:5)	143,27

Thus, the efficiency ratio of managerial work is 143.27, but this indicator does not allow us to assess the effectiveness of management as a whole.

Economic efficiency is one of the most general and generalizing concepts of the economy, which is expressed in the effectiveness of the use of production factors, their savings and beneficial combinations based on rational choice, the purpose of which is to increase profits, increase production and maximize the satisfaction of the needs of all members of society. A variety of industrial indicators of production efficiency should be considered in conjunction with social factors, which do not always have a value expression.

The evaluation of economic efficiency is always correlated with the goals of production in the future, however, it characterizes the results of activities in the past, and its value is manifested in the present.

The system of production efficiency indicators provided in the work gives a comprehensive assessment of the use of all enterprise resources and contains all general economic indicators.

As a result of calculating the main technical and economic indicators, we can conclude that the structural unit has a number of positive results in social and economic terms, such as:

- production output is 597.6 thousand decalitres;

- produced products per worker 4365.28 thousand rubles;

- product profitability is 15%;

- received profit from the sale of products 18220.55 thousand rubles;

- payback of capital investments is 2.4 years.

Based on the foregoing this species it is advisable to produce products, since the result obtained has a positive effect on strengthening the economic and financial condition enterprises.

Thank you for your attention! The report is over!

The technical and economic assessment of the designed building includes an assessment of space-planning and design solutions.

Estimated documentation for the construction of buildings is intended for:

determining the cost of construction,

· registration of financing of this construction, production of payments for the performed construction and installation works.

Units of account for buildings are as follows:

Residential buildings, hostels, hotels - an apartment or a room,

1 m 2 of living space, 1 m 2 total area;

Kindergartens, kindergartens, schools - capacity (number of seats),

1 m 2 of total area, 1 m 2 of usable area;

· Medical and health institutions - one place for a patient or a vacationer, 1 m 2 of the total area, 1 m 2 of useful area;

Estimate cost-effectiveness of space-planning and constructive decisions buildings and comparison with the best existing solutions are usually carried out according to the following technical and economic indicators:

1. Estimated cost of construction (only construction and installation works), referred to 1 m 2 of the total area and

1 m 2 of the designed building;

2. The quality of the space-planning decision, which is determined by the values ​​of the coefficients K 1 , K 2 , K 3 , (calculation procedure is given); these coefficients make it possible in the design process to compare various solutions with each other and with reference projects;

3. Consumption core building materials(steel, cement) in kg, forests and reinforced concrete products in m 3, blocks in thousands of pieces of conditional brick per 1 m 2 of usable area and

1 m 3 buildings;

4. the complexity of building a building, determined by establishing the specific labor intensity per 1 m 3 of the building and 1 m 2 of usable area;

5. assembly coefficient - the ratio of the cost of prefabricated structures and their installation to the total cost of the building;

6. Weight of 1 m 3 of the building;

TO space-planning characteristics include:

For residential buildings- number of storeys, planning type (sectional, corridor, etc.); number of apartments (beds in the hostel), total area, living area, built-up area, building volume, width and length of the building, area of ​​balconies, loggias, non-apartment communications (corridors, elevator lobbies, etc.), total floor area per one staircase and elevator node, presence and area of ​​non-residential areas built into a residential building, illumination, specific perimeter of external walls (the ratio of the perimeter of the walls along the heated contour of the building to the total area of ​​​​a typical floor), K 1 - the ratio of the living area of ​​​​a floor of the building to the total area; K 2 - the ratio of the building volume to the total area of ​​​​the building;

For public buildings- number of storeys, capacity, total, useful and estimated area of ​​the building; floor height, construction volume, built-up area, specific perimeter of external walls, area of ​​communications (corridors, halls). To 1 - the ratio of the estimated area to the usable; K 2 - the ratio of the construction volume to the estimated area; K 3 - the ratio of the area of ​​external enclosing structures to the total area;

For industrial buildings- number of storeys, built-up area; useful, constructive, working area, utility and storage areas, building volume, coefficient K 1 - the ratio of working area to usable area; K 2 - the ratio of the volume of the building to the working area; K 3 - the ratio of the surface area of ​​the enclosing structures (the area of ​​the outer walls) to the usable area;

Comparative evaluation of space-planning solutions for residential buildings

Grade various options design solutions for residential buildings is produced by the method comparative analysis using a system of space-planning coefficients characterizing the ratio of areas and volumes.

Planar planning factor TO 1 characterizes the rationality of the use of space, is defined as the ratio of the living area (S residential) to the total area (S total):

K 1 = S lived. / S gen. ;

The coefficient K 1 depends on the number of rooms in the apartment. Its optimal value is accepted in the existing layout within: K 1 \u003d 0.5 - 0.7

Volumetric coefficient K 2 characterizes the use of volume, is defined as the ratio of the construction volume of the building (V building) to its total area (S total):

K 2 \u003d V zd. / S gen. ;

The value of the coefficient K 2 depends on the height of the floor, the size of the non-apartment areas (staircase and elevator node), the material of the walls and partitions, therefore its value varies significantly K 2 = 3.5 - 5

Compactness factor K 3 characterizes the ratio of the area of ​​the outer enclosing structures S limit. (walls, window and balcony openings, roofs) to the total area S total:

K 3 \u003d S limit. / S gen.

The change in K 3 depends on the configuration of the building and is reflected both in the estimated cost of the building and in the size of operating costs (heating, repair of facades and roofs).

Is within K 3 \u003d 0.8 - 1.3

Perimeter coefficient K 4 characterizes the ratio of the perimeter of the outer walls (P n.s) to the building area S built.

K 4 \u003d P n.s. /S stuck

Where K 4 \u003d 0.24 - 0.4 - for urban-type houses

Design factor K 5 characterizes the ratio of the cross-sectional area of ​​​​vertical structures in terms of S constr to the built-up area of ​​the building S built:

K 5 = S construct. /S stuck

The coefficient K 5 characterizes the degree of saturation of the building plan with vertical structures (walls, partitions, columns, pilasters). For large-panel houses, the coefficient K 5 \u003d 0.1–0.15; for brick and large-block K 5 \u003d 0.15 - 0.2

K factor 6 characterizes the ratio of the area outside the apartment communications(stair-lift nodes) S l.uz. To built-up area of ​​the building S building. :

K 6 \u003d S l.uz. /S stuck

The lower value of K 6 is typical for sectional type houses, the larger one for tower, corridor and gallery types.

Housing stock density(net) - the total area, m 2, per 1 ha of the residential area of ​​the microdistrict (quarter, settlement).

Housing stock density(gross) - the total area, m 2, per 1 ha of the entire territory of the microdistrict (quarter, settlement).

building density(development coefficient) - the area of ​​buildings under construction, % of the residential area of ​​the microdistrict (quarter, settlement).

Built-up area is determined by multiplying the length by the width of the building, measured along the outer contour of the building at the basement level.

The residential area includes the area of ​​the building and the free undeveloped area of ​​the residential part of the microdistrict. The undeveloped area depends on the dimensions of the building and mainly on its height. The requirement for insolation of apartments for at least 3 hours a day is the main factor on which the size of the gap between buildings depends. In the earlier existing norms, this gap between the longitudinal sides of buildings, based on the requirements of insolation, was set equal to two heights of the tallest building. In the current standards, the minimum gaps are set according to the table

Minimum gaps between buildings

The rules for calculating areas and volume in residential buildings (dormitories) in accordance with SNiP 2.08.01-89 "Residential buildings" are as follows:

Living space equal to the sum of the areas of living rooms in the house as a whole and for an apartment on average.

Apartment area equal to the sum of the areas of living rooms and utility rooms, excluding loggias, balconies, verandas, terraces and cold storerooms, vestibules.

Total area of ​​apartments should be determined as the sum of the areas of their premises, built-in wardrobes, as well as loggias, balconies, verandas, terraces and cold storerooms, calculated with the following reduction factors: for loggias - 0.5, for balconies and terraces - 0.3, for verandas and cold pantries - 1.0.

The area occupied by the oven is not included in the floor area. The area under the march of the intra-apartment staircase with a height from the floor to the bottom of the protruding structures of 1.6 m or more is included in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe premises where the staircase is located.

The total area of ​​apartments in residential buildings should be determined as the sum of the areas of apartments in these buildings, determined in accordance with paragraph 2; the total area of ​​public premises built into residential buildings is calculated separately in accordance with SNiP 2.08.02-89*.

Underground areas for ventilation of a building designed for construction on permafrost soils, an attic, a technical underground (technical attic), non-apartment communications, as well as vestibules of stairwells, elevator and other shafts, porticos, porches, external open stairs are not included in the total area of ​​buildings.

Residential building area should be defined as the sum of the areas of the floors of the building, measured within the inner surfaces of the outer walls, as well as the areas of balconies and loggias.

The area of ​​staircases, elevators and other shafts is included in the floor area, taking into account their areas at the level of this floor.

The area of ​​attics and utility underground is not included in the area of ​​the building.

Floor area of ​​residential buildings should be determined by their dimensions, measured between the finished surfaces of walls and partitions at floor level (excluding skirting boards). When determining the area of ​​​​the attic room, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthis room is taken into account with a sloping ceiling height of 1.5 m at an inclination of 30 ° to the horizon, 1.1 m - at 45, 0.5 m - at 60 ° or more. For intermediate values, the height is determined by interpolation. The area of ​​the room with a lower height should be taken into account in the total area with a coefficient of 0.7, while the minimum wall height should be 1.2 m at a ceiling slope of 30°, 0.8 m at - 45° - 60°, not limited to a slope of 60 ° and more.

Structural volume of a residential building is defined as the sum of the construction volume above the mark ± 0.000 (above-ground part) and below this mark (underground part).

The construction volume of the aboveground and underground parts of the building is determined within the bounding surfaces with the inclusion of enclosing structures, skylights, etc., starting from the mark of the clean floor of each of the parts of the building, excluding protruding architectural details and structural elements, underground channels, porticos, terraces, balconies , volume of passages and space under the building on supports (clean), as well as ventilated undergrounds under buildings designed for construction on permafrost soils.

building area defined as the area of ​​the horizontal section along the outer contour of the building at the basement level, including protruding parts. The area under the building, located on poles, as well as driveways under the building, are included in the built-up area.

When determining the number of storeys of the above-ground part of the building, the number of floors includes all above-ground floors, including the technical, attic and basement floors, if the top of its floor is at least 2 m above the average planning elevation of the ground.

The underground for ventilation under buildings is not included in the number of above-ground floors.

With a different number of floors in different parts of the building, as well as when placing the building on a site with a slope, when the number of floors increases due to the slope, the number of floors is determined separately for each part of the building.

The technical floor located above the top floor is not taken into account when determining the number of storeys of the building.

One of the services offered by the Energy Systems Institute is the calculation of technical and economic indicators (TEI) of power plant equipment.
So what is TEP? TEP are indicators characterizing the efficiency of equipment operation. All indicators can be divided into the following main groups:
Actual - indicators of actual efficiency, characterizing the operation of the equipment for a certain past period of time (reporting period).
Nominal - indicators reflecting the efficiency of equipment, actually achievable under external conditions, the condition and level of operation of the equipment that meet the requirements of the current rules technical operation power stations.
Regulatory - indicators of the maximum permissible technically justified efficiency at actual values external conditions in the reporting period.
Predictive - efficiency indicators that characterize the operation of equipment under predictable loads and predictive external conditions.
Indicators of the reserve of thermal efficiency - indicators characterizing the level of reduction in fuel consumption, which can be obtained by eliminating the shortcomings of operation, repair and Maintenance equipment.
Why is it necessary to calculate TEP? There are many reasons for this, including: ensuring the most economical operation, evaluating the performance of operating personnel, assessing the condition of equipment and predicting repairs, conducting commissioning and operational tests, compiling reports and sharing them with interested parties, predicting equipment operation and calculating the optimal load distribution between various generating units. To successfully solve all these problems, it is necessary to have certain TEPs calculated on the basis of primary information - direct measurements of such physical quantities as temperature, pressure, flow, power, etc.
How to calculate TEP? The procedure and algorithm for calculating TEP is regulated in special guidance documents (RD) developed by organizations such as ORGRES, PO Soyuztechenergo,.
How to calculate TEP? The above guidance documents for the calculation of TEP were developed in the 80-90s in relation to the then existing automatic systems management technological processes(APCS). Nevertheless, the algorithms outlined in these RDs are successfully used in the implementation of TEP calculations and in modern SCADA systems. Also, these algorithms can be implemented in the form of independent software.
The Institute of Energy Systems has a successful experience in implementing TEC calculation projects within the framework of the Ovation PTC of the Emerson Process Management company. The software package GPA (Global Performance Advisor) was used as a means of execution, which makes it possible to calculate TEP in real time. This approach was implemented at power units No. 3 and No. 5 of Karmanovskaya GRES (JSC Bashkirenergo), and at Aksuskaya TPP (JSC EEK, Kazakhstan).
For power plants that do not have a sufficient degree of automation to calculate TEP in real time, we can offer a solution using the iSolution software package. This software package (PC) was specially developed for these purposes by the iGRES company, which brought together employees of the Institute of Energy Systems and the ORGRES company. One of the advantages of the iSolution PC is the flexibility in customization and the ability to integrate with existing data collection systems at the power plant.