How to tie the ends of a rope. Auxiliary nodes

Flemish node (Fig. 21). This is one of the oldest marine knots, which was used on ships to connect two cables, both thin and thick. In fact, this is the same figure eight, tied with two ends. There are two ways to knit this knot. The first one is shown in the diagram.

First, make a figure-eight at the end of one of the cables tied together (see Fig. 3). Towards the exit of the running end from it, enter the running end of the second cable and repeat the figure “8”, tied on the first cable. After that, grasping each two ends, left and right, evenly begin to tighten the knot, trying to keep its shape. To finally tighten the knot, pull on the root ends of the cables.

To connect two cables with a Flemish knot in the second way, put the running ends of the connected cables parallel to one another so that they touch each other approximately along the length of one meter. At this point, tie a figure eight with two cables folded together. In this case, you will have to carry around and thread into the loop along with the short running end of one of the cables and the long root. This is precisely the inconvenience of the second method of knitting the Flemish knot.

The connection of two cables with a Flemish knot is considered very strong. This knot, even when tightly tightened, does not damage the cable, and is relatively easy to untie. In addition, it has excellent quality - does not slip and holds securely on synthetic fishing line.

Rice. 21. Flemish knot

water node(Fig. 22). No less durable is the connection of two cables with a water knot. To tie it, lay the ropes to be tied with their ends towards each other so that their ends run parallel and touch each other. Holding the running and root ends of two different cables in one hand, begin to knit an oak knot with them (see Fig. 20), but instead of one run-out of the root end, make two. Before finally tightening the knot, check that one pair of ends comes out of the loop from above, and the second from below, as shown in the diagram (see Fig. 22).

The water unit is simple and reliable. In the Navy, it has not found wide application, because with strong traction it drags on so much that it is very difficult to untie it.

Rice. 22. Water knot

Babi knot(Fig. 23). Let us make a reservation in advance that the author deliberately placed this knot in the book, as an example to explain the principle of other marine knots.

A woman's knot... How much irony and disdain can be heard on the part of sailors towards this primitive and, unfortunately, firmly rooted knot in our life! What sailors shouldn't do is tie a woman's knot. The naval man, who unluckily tied this knot even on the shore, will surely be ridiculed by his colleagues: they say, a shame for the fleet! But, alas, among land people this knot is a station wagon. overwhelming Most people those who are not familiar with rigging, or those who, by their profession, do not deal with ropes, ropes, or threads, use a woman’s knot in all cases when they need to tie, tie or tie something. It seems that people, having mastered this knot in childhood, believed in its utility so much that they don’t even want to hear about any other complex marine knots. But, nevertheless, seriously speaking, this traitor knot has done a lot of trouble in the entire history of mankind and even claimed a lot of human lives.

The Babi knot consists of two half-knots tied in series one above the other in the same direction. If he ties two ropes and pulls, then it is immediately clear that he begins to move along the rope, to slide along it. And if you tie it close to one of the connected ends of the rope, then when pulling it, it can slip and will certainly slip if the connected ropes are of different thicknesses. Unfortunately, not everyone knows about this and continues to use it.

In our country, this knot got its name due to the fact that from time immemorial women tied the ends of headscarves with it (it is very convenient for this purpose). Abroad, it is called "grandmother's", "stupid", "veal", "false", "salaga" knot.

But, oddly enough, the woman's knot is used in their work by sailors and fishermen of some countries. Besides him negative qualities(to slip and not succumb to untying), they caught one of its positive properties - under certain conditions, instantly turn into a simple bayonet (see Fig. 10) - into one of the simplest and most reliable marine knots for securing a mooring vessel on the shore for a fell, bollard or mooring bollard. But in order to tie a simple bayonet when mooring, you need to get off the ship ashore and do it directly at the fell or put the end on the shore so that those on the shore do it. But it turns out that a simple bayonet can be tied to a bollard without leaving the ship ashore. And this is done with the help of a woman's knot despised by sailors ... To do this, at the end of the cable, which they intend to bring ashore for fastening it with a simple bayonet around the fell, a loop is made, the running end of the cable is connected to the root end of the woman's knot, which is not fully tightened. From the side of the ship, this loop is thrown onto the fell. When jerking at the root of the mooring line, the woman's knot turns into a simple bayonet.

"Teschin" knot(Fig. 24). Surprising but true. Some people, by tying two ropes together, somehow manage to tie a so-called “mother-in-law” knot, somewhat reminiscent of a woman. If at the latter the running ends come out of the knot on one side, then at the mother-in-law's knot they come out from different sides diagonally.

The "mother-in-law" knot is as insidious as the woman's (if not more). It should never be used under any circumstances. The author placed it in the book in order to show how not to tie knots. However, from this dangerous knot, you can make a beautiful knot, called "grass" (see Fig. 31).

straight knot(Fig. 25). This wonderful knot is worthy of being told in more detail about it. Archaeological finds indicate that the Egyptians used it about five thousand years before our era. The ancient Greeks and Romans called it Nodus Hercules - the Hercules or Hercules knot, because the mythical hero Hercules tied the front paws of the skin of the lion he killed on his chest in this way. The Romans used a direct knot for stitching wounds and in the treatment of bone fractures. It consists of two half-knots, sequentially tied one above the other in different directions. This is the usual, easiest way to knit it (Fig. 25, A).

Sailors who have used this knot since ancient times for tying cables, use a different knitting method (Fig. 25, b). Weavers who use a straight knot to bind broken threads of yarn tie it in a special, convenient way for them (Fig. 25, V).

The author of the book takes the liberty of declaring that a gross mistake was made in interpreting the characteristics of the direct knot and in the recommendations for its use, published in all domestic publications without exception. It has not been corrected until now, they forgot about it and believed that this knot "reliably serves to bind two cables of approximately the same thickness" and that "it is very difficult to untie it if it is tightened."

This is what modern marine reference books and textbooks published in our country in recent years tell us about the direct knot. “A straight knot is used to tie two cables of approximately the same thickness. With strong tension and getting wet, the straight knot is tightened and it can be very difficult to untie it. Therefore, when tying thick cables with a direct knot, it is necessary to insert a “toggle” into the knot (Handbook of marine practice. M .: Voenizdat, 1969, p. 192). Almost the same is said about the straight knot in the atlas of V. V. Grigoriev and V. M. Gryaznov “Ship rigging” (M.: Traneport, 1975, p. 3): “A straight knot is used when tying cables of approximately the same thickness. With heavy loads on the tied cables, as well as when the cables get wet, the straight knot tightens strongly. To prevent over-tightening, a wooden insert is inserted into the loops of the knot.

The idea of ​​taking reefs with a direct knot will seem absurd to today's sailors. But it was with them, with a direct knot, that in the days of the sailing fleet they took reefs on ships with direct armament: with two reef seasons they tied the upper part of the straight sail panel to the reef leer. The reef knot (see Fig. 94) took reefs on small vessels (yawls, longboats and yachts), picking up part of the sail along the luff, and connected it with reef-shterns.

A few years ago, the author of these lines drew attention to the fact that in almost all marine dictionaries and textbooks on marine practice published in our country in the last century, the node, which in question, had two names - “straight”, and, oddly enough, it is also “reef”. For example, let's look at the “Explanatory Marine Dictionary”, compiled by V.V. Bakhtin and published in St. Petersburg in 1894 (pp. 265-266): “A straight knot or reef knot (Reef Knot; Right Knot) is knitted from two ends . First, a simple knot is knitted, then the end, extended with the right hand, is passed to the left, and the other end, taken over the first, is threaded under it and fitted. From this it can be seen that the reef knot consists of two simple knots knitted one above the other. The corresponding ends of both simple knots must be on the same side of the whole knot, then only it is called straight; otherwise, a skew knot will come out.”

Soviet admiral K. S. Samoilov in his two-volume “Sea Dictionary” (M.-L .: Voenmorizdat, 1939-1941, p. 465) also gives the second name of this knot: “The straight knot (Reef Knot) is a knot that connects two ends for weak traction, because with strong traction (if the toggle is not placed in the middle of the knot), it is so tightened that it cannot be untied and will have to be cut.

Having made an excursion into the old and modern encyclopedias, reference books, dictionaries and textbooks on maritime affairs published abroad, the author can state the following.

IN English language the straight knot was called and is still called “The Reef Knot” - the reef knot. This name was introduced into his marine dictionary by the English admiral John Smith in 1627. The term "straight knot" (The Square Knot) introduced into the English maritime language American writer Richard Dana in 1841. He is known for the fact that, being a lawyer by profession, he was hired as a simple sailor on a merchant sailing ship, sailed for two years and after that he published an excellent book “Two Years as a Sailor” and compiled an excellent English explanatory marine dictionary. In addition to these two names, English-speaking sailors call the straight knot sailor's, correct, strong and ordinary. But the official and most common name for the knot, which we call the direct knot, is still “The Reef Knot” in English - a reef knot. Scandinavian sailors call it a reef knot: the Swedes - “Rabandsknop”, the Danes and Norwegians - “Raabandsknob”.

It turns out that in the days of the sailing fleet, a straight knot was used primarily not “for tying cables of approximately the same thickness”, but for taking reefs. Here is what is said about it in one of the best English marine sailing dictionaries - “Dictionary maritime terms”, Compiled by A. Anetsd in 1897, which since then has been regularly reprinted every 5-7 years in Glasgow: “The most common knot for a bunch is a reef, or straight, knot. It is applicable in many cases, as, for example, for tying the luff of a sail to a gaff, to a yard, etc., but it got its name (reef) due to the fact that reef seasons have always been knitted with this knot.

The exact and exhaustive formulation of the direct knot is given by Rene de Kershov in his International Marine Dictionary (New York, 1972): It was usually used to take the reefs of sails because of the ease with which it can be torn apart.

What we mean by the name "reef knot" (see fig. 94) in all marine manuals in English is called not just "The Reef Knol", but "The Slipped Reef Knot" (sliding reef knot) or "The Draw Knot" and "The Half Bow Knot". Rene ds Kershov writes about it this way: “The sliding reef knot - a knot similar to the usual reef knot, is untied even more easily. Also called The Half Bow Knot.”

How, then, is a straight knot untied, which, according to the characteristic unanimously accepted by our specialists, is tightened so that it cannot be untied and will have to be cut”? A straight knot, even wet and tightly tightened, is untied very simply, in 1-2 seconds. Tie a straight knot as shown in the top diagram of fig. 25, G. Take the ends in your left hand A And B, and to the right - the ends IN And G. Pull them strongly in different directions and tighten the knot as tight as possible. After that take in left hand root end A(so that it does not slip out of the hand, make a couple of hoses around the palm). Take the running end in your right hand B(it can also be wound around the palm of your hand). Pull the ends sharply and strongly in different directions. Without releasing end A from your left hand, hold the rest of the knot in your fist with your right hand, holding it with your thumb and forefinger. root end A pull to the left side - the knot is untied. The whole secret lies in the fact that with a jerk of the ends A And B in different directions, the straight knot turns into two half-bayonets and completely loses all its properties. It will just as easily untie if you take the root end in your right hand. A and strongly pull the running end IN to the left. Only in this case the end A then you need to pull to the right, and the rest of the knot (half bayonets) - to the left. When untying a straight knot in this way, remember that if you pulled the running end to the right, pull the root to the left and vice versa.

When untying a straight knot, one should not forget that with what force it was tightened, it is necessary to pull one of its running ends with the same force. Even a wet straight knot tied at the thickest vegetable rope, which was under strong traction (without an inserted toggle), can always be untied by taking one of the running ends onto a capstan or winch. In any case, you do not need to cut the cable.

So, the reader now apparently agrees that the characterization of the direct knot, which has appeared for some unknown reason over the past seventy years in our country, is erroneous. Moreover, it is extremely important for our authors of manuals on marine practice and rigging to reconsider the interpretation of the very essence of the direct knot and the recommendations for its use.

Apparently, only in our country there is an unreasonably respectful attitude towards this knot. Sailors of other countries treat him more soberly and even with prejudice. For example, in no foreign manual on knots there is such a dangerous recommendation for a straight knot, which is contained in the “Handbook of Marine Practice” we mentioned: “A straight knot is used to tie two cables of approximately the same thickness.”

The Ashley Knot Book (New York, 1977), widely known abroad, says the following about a direct knot:

“Previously, this knot had a specific purpose in the navy - they tied reef seasons of sails when they took reefs. Previously, sailors had never used it to tie two ropes if the latter were of different thickness or dressing. It should not be used to connect two cables that will be subject to strong traction. This knot creeps and is dangerous when it gets wet. After tying the knot, each of its running ends must be grabbed with a line to the root end. Elsewhere in his book, Ashley writes: "This knot, used to tie two cables, claimed more lives than a dozen other knots combined."

The well-known American captain at one time did not speak very enthusiastically about the direct knot. long-distance navigation Felix Riesenberg is the author of one of the best textbooks for sailors in English: Model Maritime Practice for Merchant Seamen (New York, 1922). He wrote: “The reef, or straight, knot, as its name indicates, was used for knitting reef seasons ... This knot is used in many cases, although it can never be reliable enough if its running ends are not tacked. It should not be used for tying ropes for traction. This is a good knot for wrapping things, bundles, etc.”.

Unfortunately, many compilers of various manuals and manuals for riggers, builders, firefighters, rock climbers and mine rescuers still recommend a straight knot for tying two cables. Try to tie two nylon cables of “approximately the same thickness” with a straight knot and you will immediately see that even with not very strong traction, this knot does not hold, and if you accidentally jerk at one of its running ends, it will surely lead to tragedy.

And, finally, finishing the reasoning about the direct knot, we note that here the most paradoxical thing is that the ancient Romans called it the “female knot”, because it was "herculean knot" young Roman women tied the sashes of their tunics on their wedding night. The young spouse had to untie this knot. And, according to legend, if he did it quickly, the bride was not threatened with infertility.

Rice. 25. Straight knot
A - the usual way of knitting; b - marine knitting method;
V - weaving method of knitting; G - maritime way of untying

Thieves knot(Fig. 26). At first glance, it almost does not differ from a direct knot (see Fig. 25) and it seems that it is akin to it. But if you look closely, it becomes clear that the running ends of the thieves' knot come out of it diagonally. The thieves' knot, as well as the woman's and mother-in-law's knots, are shown for clarity, in order to emphasize their similarity and difference with the direct knot. The use of these four nodes is not recommended, as they are unreliable for tying two cables.

The origin of the name "thieves' knot" is curious. It appeared on British warships in early XVII century. Theft of royal property and the theft of personal belongings of sailors on British ships were considered commonplace. In those years, the sailors of warships kept their simple belongings and food, mainly in the form of biscuits, in small canvas bags. The bag, of course, cannot be closed with a lock, it can only be tied. As a rule, sailors tied their personal bags with a straight knot. Thieves, mostly recruits who were not yet accustomed to the starvation of the ship's diet, having stolen other people's biscuits, could not properly tie the knot with which the bag was tied. They knitted something similar - a knot that the sailors began to call thieves. There is also a second version about the origin of this name: in order to prove the act of stealing from a bag, the owner deliberately tied a knot very similar to a straight one, and the thief, not paying attention to the trick, tied the robbed bag with a straight knot. But be that as it may, the origin of the knot, like its name, is connected with the fleet.

Rice. 26. Thief's knot

Surgical node(Fig. 27). As already mentioned at the beginning of this book, knots have long been used for various purposes, not only in maritime affairs, but also in medicine. They are still used by surgeons to tie threads of ligatures to stop bleeding and to stitch tissues and skin together. Nowadays, medicine has not yet abandoned the use of knots, and doctors skillfully use them. During abdominal operations, surgeons have to suture catgut (a special material obtained from the mucous layer of the intestines of a ram or sheep), which resolves after 3-4 weeks. When tying, the catgut slides, and, making knots on it, surgeons use special clamps.

During microsurgical operations, doctors use extremely thin suture material - a synthetic thread 10-200 times thinner than a human hair. It is possible to tie such a thread only with the help of special clamps under an operating microscope. These threads are used in the suturing of the walls of blood vessels, for example, in the replantation of fingers, in the suturing of individual nerve fibers. Basically, women's, straight, bleached, surgical knots and the so-called “constrictor” knot, which will be discussed later, are used.

When tying a surgical knot, first two half-knots are made one after the other with two ends, which are then pulled in different directions. Then they tie from above, but in the other direction, another half-knot. The result is a knot very similar to a straight knot. The principle of the knot is that the first two half-knots do not allow the two ends to disperse in different directions while another half-knot is knitted on top.

It is convenient to use this knot when there is a need to pull off and tie some elastic bale or load with a rope, and the tightened first half of the knot on the rope, without releasing its ends with your hands, you have to press it with your knee.

academic node(Fig. 28). It is very similar to the surgical knot, differing only in that instead of one second half-knot, it has two of them. It differs from its, if I may say, progenitor - a direct knot in that the running end of the cable is wrapped around the running end of another cable twice, after which the running ends lead towards each other and again run around them twice. In other words, there are two half-knots at the bottom and two half-knots at the top, but tied in the opposite direction. This gives the academic knot the advantage that when the cable is heavily loaded, it does not tighten as much as a straight knot and is easier to untie in the conventional way.

Rice. 28. Academic knot

flat knot(Fig. 29). The name "flat knot" came into our maritime language from French. It was introduced for the first time in his Dictionary of Marine Terms by the famous French shipbuilder Daniel Lascals in 1783. But the knot was, of course, known to sailors of all countries long before that. What it was called before, we do not know. It has long been considered one of the most reliable knots for tying cables of different thicknesses. They even tied anchor hemp ropes and mooring lines.

Having eight weaves, the flat knot never tightens too much, does not creep and does not spoil the cable, since it does not have sharp bends, and the load on the cables is evenly distributed over the knot. After removing the load on the cable, this knot is easy to untie.

The principle of a flat knot lies in its shape: it is really flat, and this makes it possible to choose the cables connected by it on the drums of capstans and windlasses, on the backs of which its shape does not disturb the smooth overlap of subsequent hoses.

In marine practice, there are two options for knitting this knot: a loose knot with tacking of its free running ends to the root or half-bayonets at their ends (Fig. 29. a) and without such a tack, when the knot is tightened (Fig. 29. b). A flat knot tied in the first way (in this form it is called “ josephine's knot”), on two cables of different thicknesses, almost does not change its shape even with very high traction and is easily untied when the load is removed. The second knitting method is used for tying thinner than anchor ropes and mooring lines, cables, with the same or almost the same thickness. At the same time, it is recommended to first tighten the tied flat knot with your hands so that it does not twist with a sharp pull. After that, when a load is given to the connected cable, the knot crawls and twists for some time, but, having stopped, it holds firmly. It is untied without much effort by shifting the loops covering the root ends.

As already mentioned, a flat knot has eight interlacing cables and it would seem that it can be tied in different ways - there are 2 8 = 256 various options his tying. But practice shows that not every knot from this number, tied according to the principle of a flat knot (alternating intersection of opposite ends “under and over”), will hold securely. Ninety percent of them are unreliable, and some are even dangerous for tying cables designed for strong traction. Its principle depends on changing the sequence of intersection of the connected cables in a flat knot, and it is enough to slightly change this sequence, as the knot gets other - negative qualities.

In many textbooks and reference books on maritime practice published in our country and abroad, the flat knot is depicted in different ways and in most cases incorrectly. This happens both due to the negligence of the authors, and due to the fault of the graphs, which, redrawing the knot scheme from the author's sketches in one color, cannot always make out whether the end passes over or under the other end. Here is given, one of the best forms of a flat knot, tested and tested by practice. Other valid variants of this node are deliberately not given by the author so as not to scatter the reader's attention and not give him the opportunity to confuse the scheme of this node with any other. Before putting this knot into practice for any responsible business, you must first remember exactly its scheme and tie the cables exactly along it without any, even the most insignificant deviations. Only in this case, the flat knot will serve you faithfully and will not let you down.

This marine knot is indispensable for tying two cables (even steel ones, on which a significant effort will be applied, for example, when pulling a heavy truck stuck in mud on half a wheel with a tractor).

Rice. 29. Flat Knot:
a - the first knitting method: b - the second knitting method

dagger knot(Fig. 30). In foreign rigging practice, this knot is considered one of the best knots for tying two large-diameter plant cables. It is not very complicated in its scheme and is quite compact when tightened.

It is most convenient to tie it if you first lay the running end of the cable in the form of the number “8” on top of the root end. After that, thread the elongated running end of the second cable into the loops, passing under the middle intersection of the figure eight, and bring it out over the second intersection of the first cable. Next, the running end of the second cable must be passed under the root end of the first cable and inserted into the figure-eight loop, as indicated by the arrow in the diagram in Fig. 30. When the knot is tightened. two running ends of both cables stick out in different directions. The dagger knot is easy to untie if one of the extreme loops is loosened.

Rice. 30. Dagger knot

"Herbal" knot(Fig. 31). Despite its name, this elementary assembly is quite reliable and can withstand heavy loads. In addition, it is easily untied in the absence of traction. The principle of the knot is half-bayonets with other people's ends (Fig. 31, and). Sometimes we have to tie two straps or two ribbons, let's say the reins. For this purpose, the “herbal” knot is very convenient (Fig. 31, b). It can be tied by changing the knot a little bit (see fig. 24) or by starting with half bayonets, as shown in the diagram (see fig. 31, A). When tightening the “grass” knot by the root ends, the knot twists and takes a different shape. When it is finally tightened, the two running ends look in the same direction.

Rice. 31. "Herbal" knot:
a - the first knitting method; b - the second way of knitting

Packet node(Fig. 32). Its name speaks , that it is convenient for tying packages and bundles. It is simple, original and designed for quick knitting. The packet knot is somewhat reminiscent of a herbal knot. In terms of strength, it is not inferior to the latter.

Fisherman's knot(Fig. 33). In Russia, this knot has long had three names - forest, fishing and English. In England it is called English, in America it is called a river or water knot.

It is a combination of two simple knots tied with running ends around other people's root ends. To tie two cables with a fishing knot, you need to put them towards each other and make a simple knot at one end, and pass the other end through its loop and around the root end of the other cable and also tie a simple knot. Then you need to move both loops towards each other so that they come together and tighten the knot. The fishing knot, despite its simplicity, can be fearlessly used to tie two cables of approximately the same thickness. With strong traction, it is so tightly tightened that it is almost impossible to untie it. It is widely used by anglers for tying fishing line (not synthetic) and for attaching leashes to the fishing line.

snake knot(Fig. 34). This knot is considered one of the most reliable knots for tying synthetic fishing tackle. It has quite a lot of weaves, is symmetrical and relatively compact when tightened. With a certain skill, they can even tie the strings of the piano. To do this, the place of the string bundle must be carefully degreased and covered with shellac.

The snake knot can be successfully used to tie two cables made of any material when a strong, reliable connection is required.

weaving knot(Fig. 35). In weaving, there are about two dozen original knots for tying a broken thread of yarn and for connecting new coils. The main requirements imposed by the specifics of production on each weaving knot are the speed with which it can be tied, and the compactness of the knot, which ensures the free passage of the thread through the machine. Experienced weavers are truly virtuosos in knitting their ingenious knots! They tie a broken thread in just a second. They have to do it without stopping the machine. Almost all weaving knots are designed primarily for instant tying, so that in the event of a thread break, the looms will continue to run smoothly.

Some of the weaving knots are very similar to sea knots, but differ from the latter in the way they are tied. Several weaving knots have long been borrowed by sailors in their original form and serve them reliably.

The weaving knot shown in fig. 35, can be called the "sibling" of the clew. The only difference is in the way it is tied and in the fact that the latter is tied into a krengels or sail fire, while the weaving knot is knitted with two cables. The principle of the weaving knot is considered classical. Truly this is the embodiment of reliability and simplicity.

Versatile knot(fig. 36). This knot is similar to weaving in its principle. The only difference is that in a knotted knot, the running ends look in different directions - this is very important when tying yarn threads. It is not inferior to a weaving knot in terms of simplicity or strength and is just as quickly tied. This knot is also known for the fact that on its basis it is possible to tie the “king of knots” - the gazebo knot (see Fig. 76).

Rice. 36. Versatile knot

Polish knot(Fig. 37). It can be recommended for tying thin cables. It is widely used in weaving and is considered a reliable knot.

Rice. 37. Polish knot

clew knot(Fig. 38). It got its name from the word “sheet - a tackle that is controlled by a sail, stretching it by one lower corner, if it is oblique, and simultaneously by two, if it is straight and suspended from the yard. Sheets are named after the sail they are attached to. For example, the fore-sheet and the main-sheet are tackles with which the lower sails are set - the fore and main, respectively. Mars-sheets serve to set the topsails, jib-sheets pull back the clew of the jib, and the fore-staysail-sheets pull back the clew of the fore staysail, etc. In the sailing fleet, this knot was used when it was necessary to tie the tackle into the fire sails in the middle, such as mars-foxle-sheet.

The clew knot is simple and very easy to untie, but it fully justifies its purpose - it securely holds the sheet in the crank of the sail. Strongly tightening, it does not spoil the cable.

The principle of this knot is that the thin running end passes under the main end and, when pulled, is pressed against it in a loop formed by a thicker cable. When using a clew knot, you should always remember that it holds securely only when traction is applied to the cable. This knot is knitted in almost the same way as a straight one, but its running end is passed not next to the main one, but under it.

A clew knot is best used for attaching a cable to a finished loop, krengels or thimble. It is not recommended to use a clew knot on a synthetic rope, as it slips and can spill out of the loop. For greater reliability, the clew knot is knitted with a hose. In this case, it looks like a bram-sheet knot; the difference is that his hose is made higher than the loop on the root of the cable around the splash. The clew knot is constituent element some types of braided fishing nets.

Rice. 38. clew knot

Bram-sheet knot(Fig. 39). Just like the clew knot, it got its name from the name of the tackle - the bram-sheet, which stretches the clew angles of the lower edge of the straight sail when setting the bramsails. If single sheets of the lower sails are tied with a clew knot, then bram-sheets and bom-bram-sheets, bram-halyards and bom-bram-halyards, as well as bram-gits are knitted with a clew knot.

The brahm-sheet knot is more reliable than the clew knot, because it does not immediately untie when the pull on the cable stops. It differs from the clew knot in that the loop (or krengels) is surrounded by the running end not once, but twice, and also passed under the root end twice.

In the days of the sailing fleet, the bram-sheet knot was widely used when working with gear. It was used when it was necessary to take some tackle with the end into the fire, for example, bram-sheets and bram-gits. Usually they were used to tie bram-gintsy into bram-fal and gintsy into topenant of the lower yards.

Bram-sheet knot is also reliable for tying two cables of different thickness. It holds well on synthetic cables of equal thickness.

docker node(Fig. 40). In marine practice, it often becomes necessary to attach a much thinner cable compared to it to a thick rope. Such a need always exists during the mooring of the vessel to the berth, when one or several mooring lines must be supplied from the deck. There are several ways to attach the throwing line to a mooring line that does not have fire, but the most common of them is the use of a docker knot.

To tie this knot, the running end of the thick cable to which you intend to attach the thin cable must be folded in half. Insert a thin cable into the loop formed from below, make one run around the root of the thick cable, pass it under the thin cable, then over the running end of the thick cable and, passing under three cables, insert it into the loop. The docker knot is reliable enough to pull out (or lift onto the deck from the shore) a heavy mooring line with a throwing end, and quickly unties. It is best used as a temporary knot.

Rice. 40. Docker node (lower right - another version of the node)

furrier knot(Fig. 41). It seems strange that this wonderful knot, long known to furriers, has so far gone unnoticed by sailors. His scheme speaks for itself. It is relatively simple, has enough crossed ends and is compact (Fig. 41, A). In addition, the furrier knot has excellent property: Designed for strong traction, it tightens firmly, but also untied without much difficulty. This knot can be successfully used for tying synthetic cables and fishing lines. On fig. 41, b the second way of its knitting is shown.

Rice. 41. Furrier knot:
a - the first knitting method; b - second knitting method

creeper knot(Fig. 42). This knot, although not widely used in the fleet, is one of the original and reliable knots for tying cables. It is unique in that, with a very simple interlacing of each end separately, it holds tightly with very strong traction and, moreover, it is very easy to untie after removing the load on the cable - just move any of the loops along the corresponding root end and the knot immediately crumbles. It does not slip on synthetic fishing line and can be successfully used by anglers.

Rice. 42. Liane knot

hunting knot(Fig. 43). The invention of a new knot by the English retired doctor Edward Hunter in 1979 caused a kind of sensation in the maritime circles of many countries. British patent experts, granting Huntsr a patent for his invention, admitted that the knot was indeed new. Moreover, it holds perfectly on all cables, including the thinnest synthetic lines.

In essence, the hunting knot is a successful interlacing of two simple knots tied at the ends of the cables. Dr. Hunter did not pursue the goal of inventing a new knot, but tied it quite by accident.

Since the name Hunter means "hunter" in English, this knot is named here hunting.

Rice. 43. Hunting knot

In this article, we will start showing and talking about rope knots, their types and different ways of knitting them, The information will be translated and updated as new video instructions are filmed. Sometimes knots haunt a person at every step, leaving the house, we tie a tie and shoes, in everyday life and in nature, we have to knit knots. Any fisherman or hunter already knows how to tie various knots for their needs. And in mountaineering or in the marine business, people simply have to be able to tie a dozen knots.

Knots exist for a variety of purposes and purposes, making loops that tighten or not, connecting ropes of the same or different diameters, for tying rope to various objects, and so on. But it takes practice to tie knots correctly. And it is better to abandon the knot, and use another one if you have any doubts about its knitting. We will start with the simplest knots, and with each new knot we will get closer to more complex knots.

simple knot

A simple knot used to connect ropes and is a component of many knots, it can also be tied at the end of a rope to prevent it from unraveling. Perhaps this is the simplest of all knots and the smallest. But when the cable is pulled, the knot is strongly tightened and sometimes it is difficult to untie it. A simple knot strongly bends the rope, which reduces the strength of the cable by more than 2 times. But, nevertheless, this is the most popular node.

Straight Knot (Reef)

A straight knot is used to connect ropes of approximately the same diameter. It is not safe to tie ropes of different diameters with this knot, as a thin rope will tear a thicker rope. The direct knot was known as early as five thousand years BC in Egypt. And the ancient Greeks and Romans called him Hercules, because this is how the mythical hero Hercules tied the skin of a lion on his chest. The straight knot has four knitting options, but it is enough to know and be able to knit one of them. Control nodes are required at the root ends.

Hunter's Knot (Hunter's Knot)

In 1968, English doctor Edward Hunter (Edward Hunter) accidentally invented a knot that holds perfectly on cables and even on synthetic fishing line. In essence, it was a successful interlacing of two simple knots tied at the ends of two ropes. This invention caused a sensation in certain circles, and British patent experts issued a patent for this invention to Edward. The Hunter knot is held on all ropes, especially on soft ones, as well as on ribbons and fishing lines. The author of the book "Sea Knots" L. N. Skryagin gave this knot a different name - "Hunting Knot" since the surname Hunter is translated from English as a hunter.

counter eight

Another of the oldest knots for tying two ropes. This knot has another name "Flemish knot". This is a reliable and durable knot, it practically does not reduce the strength of the rope. To begin with, a figure eight is knitted at the end of one of the ropes, and then all the bends of the figure eight on the first rope are repeated with the running end of the second rope and passed towards the root end. After that, tighten. The counter eight is relatively easy to untie.

knot grapevine

Grapevine is the strongest of the knots designed for tying ropes of the same diameter. This knot has the lowest rope loosening ratio of 5%, other knots do not have such indicators. When tying the Grapevine knot, you can do without control knots, it still remains quite safe.

Knot Bayonet

This knot is a non-tightening loop that can hold a load acting in almost any direction. Another main advantage of this knot is that it can be easily untied even under load, which is very convenient. Make one and a half turns of the rope around a tree, post or even a stone. Lead the running end over the root end, bring it down and pass from under the root end into the loop formed (this is how you got the hose). Tighten and make another hose, and at the end be sure to tie a control knot.

Knot Quick Untie

The next knot can be named: pirate knot, bucket knot. This knot is quite secure if properly tied, and it can also be untied very easily and quickly by pulling on the running end. Recommended for temporary fastening, where you need to quickly untie the knot. Or it can be used in descending situations where you need to return the rope after descending by pulling on the running end.

Grasping Prusik knot

This knot is mainly used as a belay when descending or ascending a rope. In the event of a person falling off during the descent, this knot is tightened and prevents him from falling. And when climbing a rope, this knot can be used as a jumar. Pulling the knot up from the bottom, when loaded, the knot will tighten and hold the person. The knot was invented by Karl Prusik, president of the Austrian Alpine Club in 1931, and has proven itself in mountaineering and mountain tourism. But the knot does not work well on a wet and icy rope.

Austrian conductor

The knot is used when you need to make a loop in the middle of the rope, to create an anchor point in case of belaying, or if you need to separate the frayed section of the rope. This node also has other names: Alpine Butterfly, Middle Node, Median Conductor, Median Conductor.

Bowline Knot (Arbor Knot)

This is one of the oldest and most popular knots. Bowline can be safely called the "king of knots" for its simplicity and reliability. This knot is knitted at the end of the rope and is a secure, non-tightening loop. The gazebo is used in maritime, mountaineering and tourism. It will also be very useful to be able to tie this knot with one hand, which can be useful to you in an emergency.

Shkotovy and Bramshkotovy knot

These knots are used to tie ropes, both of different diameters, and the same. Knots are fast and easy to tie. Control nodes are also required for these nodes.

Bunny Ears (Double Conductor)

This is a knot that resembles a double bowline. Hare ears form two non-tightening loops. This knot does not require control knots, but after a heavy load it is difficult to untie. It is used mainly in mountaineering and in the case when it is necessary to transport the victim down to a shallow depth.

Lower belay system from a rope

The number of knots for knitting ropes and ropes is more than 700 of the most various kinds. Naturally, not all of them can often be used in everyday life, but you still need to know and be able to tie at least a few basic ones so that, if necessary, you can use them in certain situations. For example, knowing how to tie knots will help in an emergency to secure a rope for crossing a river or perform other manipulations with it.

Node properties

Knots have been known to people since ancient times. Even our ancestors in the Stone Age used them in the manufacture of tools for hunting and knitting skins for clothing. In essence, this is the interweaving of ropes, ribbons, ropes or fishing line in a certain way to tie them to certain objects, as well as connecting these elements to each other.

With their numerous number, it is naturally impossible to know and be able to connect all possible knots. Almost no one in the world can do this. But it is still desirable to understand how to tie knots on a rope, and to have certain skills in tying them.

Requirement for links

In almost every area where knots are used, they have their own form and knitting method, which in a certain situation is the most convenient, reliable and beautiful.

The plexus can be from several or one rope (rope, cable, thread) of different or the same diameter.

According to the application, the plexus can be tourist, sea, climbing or fishing. Each knitting has specific strength requirements. For example, climbing and tourist bundles should be quickly remembered, easy to knit, reliable and easy to untie. In addition, do not stretch under load and do not tighten tightly unnecessarily.

Causes of loss of strength

Any ropes, cords or ropes have their specific strength characteristics. If, for example, there are no special requirements for the rope used to stretch the tent to the pegs hammered into the ground, then in certain areas of activity such inattention can lead to tragic consequences.

This primarily applies to mountaineering.

In addition, you should be aware that almost any knitting weakens the strength of the rope to some extent.

For example:

1. Bowline reduces the strength of the rope by almost 1/3.
2. Eight weakens by ¼.
3. Weaving knot - by almost 35%.

Also, before tying the knot, remember the following factors:

1. The strength of a wet rope is reduced by almost 10%.
2. In severe frost (within 30 degrees), strength is reduced by 1/3.
3. Old ropes that have lain in the sun for a long time and have damaged ropes lose almost 50% of their strength.

How sea knots fit

Almost since childhood, many have heard that there are some mythical varieties of marine knots that are incomparable in strength and complexity with ordinary "bows" that few people can knit. And, indeed, in the sea it is impossible to do without the knowledge and ability to connect certain knots, each of which is intended for specific purposes and in the hands of a craftsman becomes an effective assistant in critical situations.

To learn how to knit any knots correctly, you need to know their components, of which there are only two - root and running.

Water marine

This knot is often used for tying cables and ropes used on marine vessels. It differs from others in that:

1. Does not stretch and withstands the impact of sharp jerks.
2. It cannot loosen and untie on its own.
3. Even when wet, it retains all its properties completely.

But with its help, you can only connect elements of the same diameter.

To tie a strong "water sea knot", a certain sequence must be strictly followed:

1. It is necessary to lay the running sections of the ropes in parallel and form a closed loop out of them, after which the ends should be brought under their root ends.
2. Then you should make three turns with the running ends under the root ends. In this case, the parallelism of the ropes must be strictly observed.
3. Tighten all ends of the structure at the same time.

It is considered the oldest knot used by Achilles. According to archaeologists, it was used in the east 3000 years before the formation of our era.

In our time, the name of this sea knot came from a small wooden board, which was called the "arbor". It was lowered with a person sitting on it overboard the ship to paint the ship or carry out other repairs.

In addition, the gazebo node has a second name - "bowline", which means tackle. With its help, the windward side rope of the lower direct sail on the yacht is pulled. The tackle is attached to the rope with a bowline.

This knotted tie is a loop that does not tighten under load, has a compact size and is easy to knit. At the same time, it contains elements of such knittings as a half-bayonet, straight and weaving. This practically gives him the right to be called universal.

How to tie the correct knot:

1. Make a small loop at the end of the rope.
2. Then you need to make a second loop, after which skip the tip of the rope into the first. The size of the second loop should be oriented to the dimensions of the item for which it is knitted.
3. After that, the end wraps around the root end of the rope and is passed into the first loop, through which it was passed at the very beginning of the knitting, and tightened tightly.

In addition, there is also a "Portuguese bowline" (double gazebo). It is used if necessary, when it is necessary to tie two non-tightening loops at the end of the rope at the same time. This bundle can lift, for example, a wounded person. To do this, the legs of the victim should be threaded into the loops, after which an additional half-bayonet knot is knitted under the armpits around the chest. In this case, even being unconscious, the wounded will not fall out of the mating.

simple bayonet

The "Simple bayonet" tie also applies to non-tightening loops and is used in situations where a secure fastening is required. They are commonly used to secure boats to bollards, tow lines and heavy loads.

The advantage of this node is the ability to untie it without problems, even if it is under load.

To tie it you need:

1. Make one and a half turns of the rope around the bollard or other selected object.
2. Insert the end of the rope over the root end and bring it down through the root end into the loop formed on the rope (one more turn is formed).
3. Tighten the resulting coil, make another one for insurance and tie the running end to the rope.

Rope bindings in our lives

So that the tied luggage cannot untie itself and, for example, fall from the trunk of a car while driving, you need to learn how to knit certain knots correctly. Of the many knots that exist in the world, you can choose a few that every man must know and be able to tie.

Straight (reef)

This module is the simplest, but depending on the situation, it can be tied in various ways that are convenient for the knitter.

The disadvantage of a direct knot is that it is strongly tightened under load, and in a wet state or icing under the influence of variable loads it can untie itself without permission.

To prevent this from happening, the ends of this bundle for insurance are additionally tied. For very heavy loads, it is recommended to insert any small object in the form of a stick, branch or climbing carabiner into the center. In this case, it will not tighten, and also untie.

To quickly connect two ropes, you need to do the following: take the ends of the ropes in both hands and throw, for example, the right end to the left, as a result they will cross. The same right end, it should currently be on the left, should be wrapped around the left. Then you need to throw the left end over the right and wrap the rope around it, then tighten it tightly.

Knitted figure eight

Used by alpinists and rock climbers, this hiking type of knot forms the basis for knitting many complex knots designed for various purposes. For example, it can be used as a stopper for the end of a cable or to fasten the strings of musical instruments to the pegs.

To tie it the following steps should be taken:

1. Throwing the rope end over the root end, form a loop.

2. Then, wrapping the end around the rope, thread it into the loop formed before.

3. The figure obtained from the rope will be in the form of the number eight. After that, it remains only to tighten the ends of the rope.

midshipman adjustable

The use of this knot allows, if necessary, to shorten the useful length of the rope or, conversely, lengthen it. It should be able to knit those for whom tourism is a favorite vacation. Using it, you can secure, for example, a tent by tightening or loosening its braces.

1. Having made a loop, you should skip the end of the rope into it, after wrapping it around the root end.
2. Then you need to make another turn, passing the rope between the root and the first turn.
3. The third turn circles the previous two, after which the running end is wound up behind the root end of the rope.
4. The formation of the node is completed after the running end is passed under the formed loop after the third turn around the root end.

Tightening noose

This tightening loop is called "hanging" or "scaffold". It is most often used for temporary fastening for objects floating in the water, or for throwing on any structures and elements located on the shore.

For its knitting, two almost identical loops are laid out from the rope. Then the running end of the rope is wrapped several times around both loops and passed into the upper twist closest to the running rope. After that, the upper loop is tightened, clamping the bypass end of the rope.

The tightening choke is easily tightened by simply pulling on the root conductor of the rope. To untie this bundle, pull the running end out of the upper loop.

Coordinated Toutline

If necessary, if you need to adjust the length of the rope after it is tied to something, it is best to use a special Toutline knitting. This practically good tourist knot is often used when setting up a tent and a stretch awning. In addition, it can be used to hang a certain load above the ground, such as a backpack with food, which will protect them from moisture, as well as wild animals and insects.

Rugged Grapevine

This knot allows you to securely tie two ropes of different thicknesses. Refers to the most durable ligaments designed for fastening ropes having the same diameter. It is characterized by a minimum attenuation coefficient within 5%. These indicators are practically absent in many other nodes. Grapevine knitting can practically happen without any additional safety knots.

The knot consists of two/three half knots, which differ in the number of turns of each end of the rope around the other root. Each half knot is knitted with only one end of the rope, which should be between 12-20 cm long.

Close to this knot in function is a flat knot, which can easily be used to tie ropes of different thicknesses. Having four points of intersection, it, without tightening tightly, guarantees high strength of the connection.

To get acquainted with the technique of knitting tourist knots, which are almost similar to sea knots, you just need to master the instructions, where there are tourist knots with the names of their tying scheme. In addition, constant practice will be needed, which will allow you to quickly grasp and remember the sequence of their mating.

The rope is the second most important means of insurance (the first is the head). The knot is the master and slave of the rope, its soul.
Knots are treated like mushrooms: if you do not know this particular mushroom, it is better not to eat it.
For mountaineering, the alphabet, or rather, its first letters, is the ability to handle ropes, ribbons, and in particular, the ability to connect it all, that is, tie it in knots.
- Do well or over plan? - asks the hero of one of the anecdotes of Soviet planned times. Planned or overplanned nodes - they all need to be done well. Moreover, they need to be knitted well. Because if they are untied, then, as a rule, at the most inopportune moment.
In mountaineering, the knots used are divided into three groups: knots for tying ropes, knots for tying (binding), special (auxiliary) knots. Now this classification is hopelessly outdated - both the nodes themselves and the methods of their application are so mixed up with each other. Therefore, without resorting to an explicit classification, we will consider the knots used in mountaineering, nevertheless observing the following order: first, knots for tying ropes (to each other or to any objects), then special knots.
But first I would like to make one methodological remark. If you look in a special book on knots, you can find a whole sea of ​​them. But in practice, so much is not needed.

Therefore, this approach is recommended:
At the beginning of mountaineering, master only the necessary minimum of certain knots. But to learn it tightly: day and night, with eyes open and closed, with two hands and one, behind the back and under the bed, one end and a loop, on a wet or icy rope.
And only then on this solid practical knowledge to layer - if necessary - and other knots.

To these base nodes can be attributed:
1. Counter
2. Grapevine
3. Bramshkotovy
4. Explorer + "eight"
5. Bowline (+ double bowline)
6. Stirrup
7. Grasping knot
8. Control node.

Tying ropes of the same diameter

Counter knot(Fig. 1). Features: the knot is easy to knit, holds well. A poorly tightened knot on an elastic rope under an alternating load can loosen and untie. It is recommended to tighten well and leave the ends at least 10 cm.
But a properly tied and tightened knot holds perfectly, including on ribbons and on metal cables. And it even tightens up tight. To avoid this, it can be knitted in the form of a figure eight (see below "counter eight");

Knot "counter eight"(Fig. 2)
- reliable knot, holds well;
- "does not crawl";
- knits slowly and requires practice;
- strongly tightened;
- not used very often due to difficulties with tying.

weaving knot(Fig. 3) - the knot is easy to tie and remember.

A loose or poorly tightened knot can easily come undone.
- "creeps" along the rope under variable loads;
- under heavy loads, it is strongly tightened;
- control nodes are required.

Grapevine(Fig. 4). A beautiful and compact knot, it is considered the most reliable knot for tying two ropes. Invented in England - hence the English name, which translates as "vine" - it resembles the shape of a knot. In our country, by analogy with the knot known before the war, it is sometimes called a double weaving knot.
A properly tied and tightened knot works great on both ropes of the same and different diameters, as well as slings and cables. Also useful for knitting loops, braces, etc.
- for the correct knitting practice is required;
- Under heavy load, it drags on a lot.

straight knot(Figure 5). Before - one of the most common knots. However, on a modern "slippery" rope, with a sign-variable load, it can easily be untied. To avoid this, it was previously advised to use control knots at the ends of the rope after the knot. But experience shows that these control knots are sometimes untied even earlier than the knot itself. True, being well tightened or under constant load, the straight knot holds well. The direct node was not included in the list of the main ones because it must be handled with care, and it is better not to use it in important connections.

Errors when knitting a knot:

- housewife knot(or "women's", although "muzhiks" make mistakes with him no less often. If not more often. characteristic feature- lack of symmetry)
-false straight knot(the ends come out of the knot from different sides - also lack of symmetry, but less obvious!). Such a knot can turn out if you start knitting it from a loop.
Attention! The woman's knot is untied at a minimum load, and the false straight knot does not hold at all, and the ropes simply slip out of each other.

reef knot(Fig. 6) - a complicated version of the direct knot, in fact it is a "bow" knot with one loop. Easily removable knot. It is used for tying ropes of the same diameter with a small pull, for tying two ropes with further untying under a significant load, it is simply irreplaceable. Holds securely on dry and non-icy ropes.

Hunter knot(Fig. 7)
- reliable and beautiful knot;
- holds well on soft ropes and on ribbons;
- does not tighten much;
- quite difficult to remember, requires practice;
- on hard ropes it is not tightened enough;
- "creeps" under variable loads;
- used for tying soft ropes of the same and different diameters, ribbons, nylon threads.

Knots for tying ropes of different diameters

Knot Bramshkotovy. It is recommended to tie ropes of different diameters using this knot (Fig. 8). Along with clew, it is used for splicing two ropes of different diameters. The main advantage is the relative ease of tying and untying with a high connection strength.

Knot academic- a complicated version of the direct knot (Fig. 9). It is used for tying two ropes of different diameters. When heavily loaded, it does not tighten as much as a straight knot and is easier to untie.

Requires the use of control nodes.

Tying knots (bindings)

This group of knots is intended for tying ropes to various objects, for example, the end of a safety rope to a gazebo, a rope to a tree, etc. Let's consider some of them:

Conductor Node(Fig. 10) forms a fixed loop at the end of the rope. Used to fasten a rope with a carabiner. The free tail of the rope after the knot must be at least 10 cm long. It is not recommended to use it in the middle of the rope due to a significant weakening at the location of the knot and the great difficulty in untying it after applying the load. There are two ways of knitting: loop and one end. Dangerous errors: very loosely tightened; very tight; very long free end. It is not recommended to use it in critical places, it is better to use another knot, for example, a figure eight (one and a half conductor).

One and a half conductor(Fig. 11) - the so-called "eight" (Swiss guide, Flemish loop), one of the most used knots in mountaineering. The knot forms a non-tightening loop at the end of the rope. It is used for fastening with a climbing carabiner, it is devoid of the disadvantages of a knot called "guide". In addition to easy knotting, it has increased strength (by about 10%) compared to many other knots. Two methods of knitting are used - a loop and one end.
The knot is strong, reliable, does not untie itself, but does not tighten. For tying, it requires 20-25 cm more rope than the "guide". The shape of a correctly tied "eight" cannot be confused with anything, it must be remembered!

Nine(Fig. 12) - this is a further continuation of the series of nodes "conductor" - in fact, this is the same figure-eight with one more half-turn. According to some reports, of all knots used so far, it has the greatest strength, which leads to an increase in the practical strength of rope systems. It is difficult to tie a nine with a high quality on a stiff rope, the knot requires practice before use, since overlaps are easily formed in it. It has recently come into practice and is not widely used.

double conductor("hare ears") (Fig. 13) - a knot that forms a double fixed loop. In mountaineering, it is used to create a fastening loop on a loop for a grasping knot, in places where it is possible to rub a single loop, for hitching at the same time for two independent supports. The assembly allows adjustment and adjustment of the size of the loops until a uniform load is achieved on both supports. For tying, it requires 3-4 times more rope than the "guide".

Center Conductor Knot(Fig. 14) (Austrian conductor, bergschaft, butterfly, alpine bloodworm, bee, riding loop) - a knot that forms a fixed loop in the middle of the rope. It is used as an intermediate point of support or suspension, support for blocks. Most often used to attach the third in a bundle to the middle of the rope, as well as to tie up a damaged section of the rope. It is very reliable and allows the load to be applied at an angle to the main direction of force. Dangerous mistakes: too loose, too tight, big loop.

bowline knot(Fig. 15) - called the "king of knots". It was known to the ancient Egyptians and Phoenicians for 3000 BC. The main advantage is the ease of tying and untying after removing the load. The knotted bowline has two free ends. Only the one that forms an overlapped loop in the knot, and not a simple loop, should be loaded. This knot is used for harnesses and arbors (arbor knot) in the event that they are tied from a cord or a double sling. The bowline needs to be secured with a control knot, as it tends to unravel. In all cases, the bowline must be tightened. Dangerous errors: very loosely tightened; very tight; long free end of the rope - dangerous weaves of loops; the loop of the knot is incorrectly laid - too short or too long loops.

double bowline knot(Fig. 16) - a knot that forms a double loop both at the end and in the middle of the rope. Does not allow you to adjust the size of the loops after tightening the knot. Knit in the same way as bowline, then repeat with the end forming a simple loop in the knot. In mountaineering, it is used to tie the end of a safety rope to a gazebo.

knot knot(Fig. 17) is used to fasten rope to supports, mainly trees or logs. Reliable if the rope is constantly taut (stretch marks, crossings). With a variable nature of the load, safety knots are required. Differs in accuracy of fixing. It is used when it is necessary to tie a rope to a strictly defined place.

Knot a simple bayonet(single, double, triple) (Fig. 18) - used for fastening a rope, mainly for trees or logs. Reliable under constant load. A double bayonet can be tied and untied on a loaded rope, which is not allowed by any knot in this group. However, it should also be borne in mind that, for example, the standards adopted in Austria prohibit the use of the "double bayonet" due to the risk of self-untying. True, only in Austria, in other countries such a danger was not observed. But who's stopping you from connecting not a double, but a triple, quadruple, and even with a control node ...
A bayonet tied in a loop around a rope is easily untied under load, therefore, in mountaineering it is most often used when attaching a hanging crossing and also to secure a rope under load, for example, when the first one is broken in a bundle, using a bayonet, you can easily fasten the rope around the descender (belay) device , and it is also easy to release it.

Most of these knots are useful for attaching a carabiner, but they can also be used to tie a rope to objects. In this case, the method of knitting knots with one end of the rope is often used. With this method, as well as in general when knitting knots, you need to monitor the beauty of the knot. This means that knotted ropes tend to run parallel or symmetrically. If the knot looks clumsy, this is a sign that you may not have tied it correctly.

In the second part of the article, we will consider a group of special (auxiliary) nodes.

oak knot. This knot sailors use in exceptional cases when it becomes necessary to tie two cables very quickly. It has a serious drawback: a tightly tightened knot is very difficult to untie later, especially if it gets wet. In addition, a cable tied in such a knot has less strength and, during operation, creates a danger of catching on something during its movement. Its only positive qualities are the speed with which it can be tied. To connect two cables, their ends must be folded lengthwise together and, stepping back 15-20 centimeters from the edges, tie both ends as one with a simple knot. Do not try to tie synthetic cables and fishing line with this knot: he crawls on them. (Fig. 20)

flemish knot. This is one of the oldest sea ​​knots, which was used on ships to connect two cables, both thin and thick. There are two ways to knit this node. First, make a figure eight at the end of one of the cables tied together. Towards the exit of the running end from it, enter the running end of the second cable and repeat figure 8, tied on the first cable. After that, grasping each two ends, left and right, evenly begin to tighten the knot, trying to keep its shape. For final tightening node pull on the root ends of the cables. To connect two cables with a Flemish knot in the second way, put the running ends of the connected cables parallel to one another so that they touch each other approximately along the length of one meter. At this point, tie a figure eight with two cables folded together. In this case, you will have to carry around and thread into the loop along with the short running end of one of the cables and the long root. This is precisely the inconvenience of the second method of knitting the Flemish knot. The connection of two cables with a Flemish knot is considered very strong. This node, even being strongly tightened, does not spoil the cable, and it is relatively easy to untie it. In addition, it has excellent quality - does not slip and holds securely on synthetic fishing line. (Fig. 21)

water node. No less durable is the connection of two cables with a water knot. To tie it, lay the ropes to be tied with their ends towards each other so that their ends run parallel and touch each other. Holding the running and root ends of two different cables in one hand, begin to knit an oak knot with them, but instead of one run-out of the root end, make two. Before finally tightening the knot, check that one pair of ends comes out of the loop from above, and the second from below, as shown in the diagram. Water node simple and reliable. (fig.22)

Babi knot. This knot must not be tied. sailors- He is very primitive. A naval man who unluckily tied a woman's knot even on the shore will surely be ridiculed by his colleagues. But among land people this knot is a universal. However, this node traitor. Throughout the history of mankind, he has done many troubles and even claimed many human lives. The Babi knot consists of two half-knots tied in series one above the other in the same direction. If he ties two ropes and pulls, then it is immediately clear that he begins to move along the rope, to slide along it. And if you tie it close to one of the connected ends of the rope, then when pulling it, it can slip and will certainly slip if the connected ropes are of different thicknesses. Unfortunately, not everyone knows about this and continues to use it. Among the Slavs, this knot got its name due to the fact that from time immemorial, women tied the ends of headscarves with it. When jerking at the root of the mooring line, the woman's knot turns into a simple bayonet. (Fig. 23)

"Teschin" knot. This knot is similar to a woman's and is also not entirely reliable. If the latter has running ends coming out of the knot on one side, then the mother-in-law node they come out from different sides diagonally. (Fig. 24)

straight knot. It consists of two half-knots, sequentially tied one on top of the other in different directions. There are several ways to knit this maritime node. (Fig. 25)

Thieves knot. It is not recommended to use this knot, as it is very reliable for tying two cables. There is an interesting version of the origin of the name: in order to prove the act of stealing from a bag, the owner deliberately tied it with a similar straight knot, and the thief, not paying attention to the trick, tied the robbed bag with a straight knot. (Fig. 26)

Surgical node. It is used by surgeons to tie threads of ligatures to stop bleeding and to stitch tissues and skin. When tying a surgical knot, first two half-knots are made one after the other with two ends, which are then pulled in different directions. Then they tie from above, but in the other direction, another half-knot. The result is a knot very similar to a straight knot. The principle of the knot is that the first two half-knots do not allow the two ends to disperse in different directions while another half-knot is knitted on top. This knot is convenient to use when there is a need to pull off and tie some kind of burden with a rope. (Fig. 27)

academic node. It is very similar to the surgical knot, it differs only in that instead of one half-knot it has two. This has the advantage that when the rope is heavily loaded, it does not tighten as much as a straight knot and is easier to untangle in the normal way. (fig 28)

flat knot. It has long been considered one of the most reliable knots for tying cables of different thicknesses. They even tied anchor hemp ropes and moorings. After removing the load on the cable, this knot is easy to untie. The principle of the flat knot lies in its shape: it is really flat, and this makes it possible to choose the cables connected with it on the drums of capstans and windlasses. In marine practice, there are two options for knitting this knot: a loose knot with tacking of its free running ends to the root or half-bayonets at their ends (a) and without such a tack, when the knot is tightened (b). This knot indispensable for tying two cables (even steel ones, on which considerable effort will be applied, for example when towing a heavy truck). (Fig. 29)

dagger knot. In foreign rigging practice, this knot is considered one of the best knots for tying two large diameter cables. It is not very complicated in its scheme and is quite compact when tightened. It is most convenient to tie it if you first lay the running end of the cable in the form of a figure of the number 8 on top of the main one. After that, pull out the running end of the second cable and thread it into the loops, pass it under the middle intersection of the figure eight and bring it over the second intersection of the first cable. Next, the running end of the second cable must be passed under the root end of the first cable and inserted into the figure-eight loop, as the arrow indicates. When the knot is tightened, the two running ends of both cables stick out in different directions. The dagger knot is easy to untie if one of the extreme loops is loosened. (Fig. 30)

herbal knot. It is easily untied in the absence of traction. It is used for tying two belts or two ribbons. For this purpose, the "herbal" knot is very convenient (Fig. 31).

Packet node. Its name speaks of its application. Simple, original and designed for quick knitting. In terms of its strength, it is not inferior to the herbal knot. (Fig. 32)

Fisherman's knot. It is a combination of two simple knots tied with running ends around other people's root ends. To tie two cables with a fishing knot, you need to put them towards each other and make a simple knot with one end, and pass the other end through its loop and around the root end of the other cable and also tie a simple knot. node. Then you need to move both loops towards each other so that they come together and tighten the knot. The fishing knot, despite its simplicity, can be fearlessly used to tie two cables of approximately the same thickness. It is used for tying fishing line (not synthetic) and for attaching leashes to the fishing line. (Fig. 33)

snake knot. This node is considered one of the most reliable nodes for tying synthetic fishing tackle. It has quite a lot of weaves, is symmetrical and relatively compact when tightened. With a certain skill, they can even tie the strings of the piano. The snake knot can be successfully used to tie two cables made of any material when a strong, reliable connection is required. (Fig. 34)

weaving knot. Some weaving knots have long been borrowed by sailors in their original form and serve them reliably. The weaving knot can be called the "brother" of the clew knot. The only difference is in the way it is tied and in the fact that the latter is tied into a krengels or sail fire, while the weaving knot is knitted with two cables. (Fig. 35)

Versatile knot. This knot is similar to a weaving knot, in its principle. The only difference is that when tied, the running ends look in different directions - this is very important when tying. This knot is famous for the fact that on its basis you can tie " knot king"- gazebo knot. (Fig. 36)

clew knot. It got its name from the word "sheet" - a tackle that is controlled by a sail, stretching its one lower corner, if it is oblique, and simultaneously for two, if it is straight and suspended from the yard. Sheets are named after the sail they are attached to. IN sailing fleet this knot is used when there is a need to tie tackle into the fire of the sail. The clew knot is simple and very easy to untie, but it fully justifies its purpose - it securely holds the sheet in the crank of the sail. (Fig. 38)

Bramstring knot. Bramsheets and bom-bram-sheets, bram-halyards and bom-bram-halyards, as well as bram-gits are tied with this sea knot. The clew knot is more reliable than the clew knot, because it does not immediately untie when the pull on the cable stops. It differs from the previous sea knot in that the loop (or krengels) is surrounded by the running end not once, but twice and passed twice under the root end. At times sailing fleet the bramshkotovy knot was widely used when working with gear. It was used when it was necessary to take the tackle with the end into the fire. (Fig. 39)

docker node. In marine practice, it often becomes necessary to attach a much thinner cable compared to it to a thick rope. Such a need always exists during the mooring of the vessel to the berth, when one or several mooring lines must be supplied from the deck. To tie this knot, double the running end of the thick cable, to which the thin cable must be attached. Insert a thin cable into the loop formed from below, make one run around the root of the thick cable, pass it under the thin cable, then over the running end of the thick cable, and then under the three cables, insert it into the loop. This nautical node reliable enough to pull a heavy mooring line with a throwing end. (Fig. 40)

furrier knot. It is relatively simple, has many crossed ends and is quite compact. In addition, the furrier knot has an excellent property: designed for strong traction, it is tightly tightened and untied without much difficulty. This knot can be successfully used for tying synthetic cables and fishing lines. (Fig. 41)

creeper knot. This node has not been distributed to fleet, but is one of the original and reliable knots for tying cables. With a very simple interlacing of each end separately, it holds tightly with a very strong pull and, moreover, it is very easy to untie after removing the load on the cable. It does not slip on synthetic fishing line and can be successfully used by anglers. (Fig. 42)

hunting knot. In our time, inventing a new knot is not an easy task, since more than 500 of them have been invented in five millennia. Therefore, it is no coincidence that the invention of a new knot by the English doctor Edward Hunter in 1979 caused a sensation in marine circles. In essence, the hunting knot is a successful interlacing of two simple knots tied at the ends of the cables. It holds perfectly on all cables, including the thinnest synthetic fishing lines. Since Hunter means "hunter" in English, the knot was named hunting. (Fig. 43)

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