Armament t 50. The evolution of the PAK FA

Fifth generation fighter received the designation in KB as T-50 (PAK-FA), which stands for A promising aviation complex for front-line aviation.
Developed by a division of the United aircraft corporation- Sukhoi Design Bureau, where it passes under the notation T-50.

F-22 Raptor is a fifth-generation multirole fighter developed by Lockheed Martin, Boeing and General Dynamics.

F-22 Raptor fifth generation fighter

Comparative dimensions T-50 (PAK-FA) with .

CY 27 vs T-50 (PAK-FA), but I'll catch up, here you can see the comparative dimensions

It should be noted, FOR ANYONE TO BET which plane is better, the answer is devastatingly short. The one that is in service, and the only fifth-generation fighter in service , this is the American "Raptor".

If the war started this minute, who would have air superiority?

And now let's move on: the fifth-generation American fighter F-22 Raptog withdrawn from production in 2011 (and everywhere the PAK FA is compared precisely with the F-22), during the production period from 1997 to 2012, 195 vehicles were produced, of which 187 fighters were transferred to the US Air Force. The US Congress refused to purchase a fighter F-22 Raptor, in favor of increasing program costs for the intensive development of a new multi-role fighter F-35.

strike multirole fighter of the fifth generation f35

The second new-generation American aircraft, the F-35, which is currently undergoing testing, is facing problems of a different kind: the United States tried to create a fifth-generation "cheap fighter" that would have the same capabilities as the more expensive F-22, but at a fraction of the cost. a stripped-down version - less ammunition, a slightly lower range and flight speed, less radar capabilities, and so on.

In fact, it turned out to be very difficult to combine these requirements in one car. The cost of the F-35 exceeds $ 150 million, 2 times more than the original plans, and the F-35 has not yet been able to achieve a number of F-22 capabilities, such as non-afterburning supersonic speed.

Also developments called J-20 conducted in CHINA.

J-20 fifth generation fighter, it is the first military aircraft made in China that does not have a direct prototype.

multi-role fighter of the fifth generation J-20 "Black Eagle"

Almost all information about our fifth generation fighter T-50 (PAK-FA) is secret.

But first, the 100% facts.

Able to fly at supersonic speeds, without afterburner. about 2500 km per hour, the previous generation of fighters about 900 km, briefly in afterburner at supersonic speed.

Is about 10,000 dollars, and an hour of a fighter flight F-22 Raptor costs the US budget almost 40 thousand dollars, of those tasks, the cost of flying a fifth-generation fighter T-50 (PAK-FA) should be increased to 1,500 dollars.

Half of the cost of developing the T-50 (PAK-FA) was paid by India and plans to purchase 250 T-50 (PAK-FA).

Sale F-22 Raptor other countries is prohibited by law.

Su 30 is visible on the radar as a metal object 5.4 square meters. then the T-50 (PAK-FA) is 40 times smaller.

T-50 (PAK-FA), can be a bomber and attack aircraft, capable of destroying any targets both on the ground and in the air.

T-50 (PAK-FA) is capable of tracking 60 targets at the same time, and firing at about 20 of them.

It has an automatic target recognition system, the system itself recognizes the enemy, and selects the most dangerous targets, the pilot gives the command to destroy it.

T-50 (PAK-FA) is fully automated, in emergency situations it can do without a pilot.

A patent has been filed for the design of a prototype of the fifth generation fighter T-50 PAK FA, filed to Federal Service on Intellectual Property, Patents and Trademarks, dated July 28, 2010 and published on January 27, 2012.

Claim

1. An aircraft of integral aerodynamic layout, containing a fuselage, a wing, the consoles of which are smoothly connected to the fuselage, horizontal and vertical tail surfaces, a two-engine power plant, characterized in that the fuselage is equipped with an influx located above the inlet to the engine air intakes and including controlled rotary parts, the middle part of the fuselage made flattened and formed in the longitudinal relation by a set of aerodynamic profiles, the engine nacelles are horizontally spaced from each other, and the engine axes are oriented at an acute angle to the plane of symmetry of the aircraft in the direction of flight.
2. The aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical tail is made all-moving with the possibility of in-phase and differential deflection.
3. The aircraft according to claim 2, characterized in that the all-moving vertical tail is mounted on pylons located on the side tail booms of the fuselage, while on the front of the pylons there are air intakes for blowing out engine compartments and air conditioning system heat exchangers.
4. The aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that the horizontal tail is made all-moving with the possibility of in-phase and differential deviation.
5. The aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that the jet nozzles of the engines are made with the possibility of in-phase and differential deviation.
6. The aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlets of the engine air intakes are located on the sides of the forward fuselage behind the cockpit, while the lower edge of the engine air intakes is located below the fuselage contours.
7. The aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlets of the engine air intakes are made beveled in two planes - relative to the vertical longitudinal and transverse planes of the aircraft.
8. The aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that the plane of the chords of the consoles of the all-moving vertical tail are deviated from the vertical plane by an acute angle.
9. The aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that the leading edges of the turning part of the influx, the wing consoles and the horizontal tail are made parallel to each other.
10. The aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that the trailing edges of the wing and the horizontal tail are made parallel to each other.

comparative characteristics of 5th generation aircraft

• 1 - fuselage, 2 - fuselage influx, 3 - wing consoles, 4 - all-moving vertical tail consoles (CPGO),
• 5 - consoles of the all-moving horizontal tail (CPVO), 6 - engine nacelles, 7 - engine air intakes,
• 8 - controlled rotary parts of the influx of the fuselage, 9 - rotary socks of the wing, 10 - ailerons, 11 - flapperons,
• 12-pylon TsPVO, 13 - air intakes for blowing out engine compartments and heat exchangers of the air conditioning system,
• 14 - rotary jet nozzles of engines, 15 - sections of jet rotary nozzles of engines,
• 16 - axes of rotation of rotary nozzles of engines, 17 - planes of rotation of rotary nozzles of engines.

Finally, some interesting photos.

Land call by PAK-FA mobile

Fighter-airship.

Either a fighter or an airship

Download wallpaper: <<Fifth generation fighterT-50 (PAK-FA)>>.

Wallpaper resolution 1920*1200

Download, click on the plus, the picture is enlarged, right-click and look for the item to make the background image.

ENJOY.

T-50 wallpaper picture (PAK-FA)

Estimated specifications.

• Crew: 1 person
• Length: 19.4 m
• Wingspan: 14 m
• Rear GO span: 10.8 m
• Height: 4.8 m
• Wing area: 90 m²
• Sweep Angle:
• along the leading edge:
• swivel: 78°
• rest: 48°
• trailing edge: -14°
• Chassis base: 6 m
• Chassis track: 5 m

View of the T-50 (PAK-FA) from different angles

• Weight:
• empty: 18500 kg
• normal takeoff weight:
• with 63% fuel: 26510 kg
• with 100% fuel: 30610 kg
• maximum takeoff weight: 37000 kg
• Fuel mass: 11100 kg
• at maximum takeoff weight: 394 kg/m²
• at normal takeoff weight:
• with 63% fuel: 294 kg/m²
• with 100% fuel: 330 kg/m²

bypass turbojet with afterburner and thrust vector control

• Engine:
• Engine type: bypass turbojet with afterburner and thrust vector control
• Model: "AL-41F1"
• Thrust:
• maximum: 2 × 8800 (about 10900 on the "Product 129") kgf
• afterburner: 2 × 15000 (about 18000 on the "Product 129") kgf
• Engine weight: 1350 kg
• Thrust vector control:
• Thrust vector deflection angles: ±20° in plane
• Thrust vector deflection speed: 60°/s
• Thrust-to-weight ratio:
• at normal takeoff weight:
• with 63% fuel: 1.13 (~1.36 with "Product 129") kgf / kg
• co with 100% fuel: 0.98 (~1.17 with "Product 129") kgf / kg
• at maximum takeoff weight: 0.85 (~1.01 with "Product 129") kgf / kg

Flight characteristics

Maximum speed at altitude: 2125-2600 km / h (2.0-2.45 M)
Maximum speed without afterburner: 1300-2100 km / h (1.1-2.0 M)
Practical range:
at cruising speed:
with 63% fuel: 2700 km
with 100% fuel: 4300 km
with 2 PTBs: 5500 km
at afterburning supersonic speed:
with 63% fuel: 1200 km
with 100% fuel: 2000 km
Flight duration: up to 5.8 hours
Practical ceiling: 20000 m
Rate of climb: 350 m/s
Take-off / run length: 350 m
Maximum operational overload: + 10-11 g
RCS: according to various sources from 0.005 to 0.3 m²

Armament

• Cannon: 30 mm built-in cannon (modernized GSh-30-1, rate of fire and recoil energy preserved)
• for air combat, in weapons bays: 1620 kg (8 × RVV-SD + 2 × RVV-MD)
• against ground targets, in weapons bays: 4220 kg (8 × KAB-500 + 2 × RVV-MD)
• Rockets and bombs will be located on 16 hardpoints
• internal: 8 or 10
• external: 8 - under the wings
• The internal bomb bays will use new short-range air-to-air missiles RVV-MD, medium-range RVV-SD (Product 180) and long-range RVV-
• DB (Product 180-BD). The differences between the new missiles and their predecessors are in increased range, sensitivity, noise immunity and the ability to detect and capture a target during
• autonomous flight time, which allows for a quick launch from the internal weapons bays. It is also likely that air-to-air missiles KS-172 will be used on external
• suspension nodes. In total, 14 types of weapons are being developed for the new fighter, including air-to-air missiles of short, medium, long and extra long range, guided missiles
• "air-to-surface" for various purposes, as well as adjustable bombs.

Characteristics: Radar N035 Irbis:

• Discovery and tracking 4 ground + 30 air
• Simultaneous firing: 8
• Target detection range:
• with EPR 3 m² up to 400 km
• with EPR 1 m² up to 300 km
• with EPR 0.5 m² up to 240 km
• with EPR 0.1m² up to 165 km
• with EPR 0.01m² up to 90 km
• Viewing angles: 240° (±120°)
• Power: 5000 W

A promising aviation complex of front-line aviation PAK FA, or T-50. Unique characteristics make it the best in its class among other similar aircraft in the world. He will tell about the new Russian multi-role fighter of the fifth generation, developed by the Sukhoi Design Bureau.
"hover" in the skyPhoto: fonstola.ru In total, five such machines have been manufactured in Russia so far. The aircraft fully meets all the requirements for fifth-generation fighters: it is stealthy, has supersonic cruising speed, is capable of maneuvering with high g-forces, is equipped with advanced electronics, and is multifunctional. It is high maneuverability that puts the T-50 in special merit. It can perform all the aerobatics known today. This machine is able to "stop" in flight to zero speed, stalling, and then gaining altitude and speed again. Deputy Head of the Flight Service of the Sukhoi Company, Honored Test Pilot of the Russian Federation, Hero Russian Federation Sergey Bogdan, who has tested more than fifty different types of combat aircraft, claims that the T-50 has an order of magnitude higher controllability than other aircraft. “It also has higher stability,” the pilot emphasizes. “In the future, it will perform fundamentally new aerobatic maneuvers.” Sergey Bogdan personally checked during the flight from Komsomolsk-on-Amur to Zhukovsky near Moscow (6 thousand kilometers) how the T-50 is able to stay level in the sky even when the pilot drops the handle control. “The engine nozzle is deflected in such a way that the aircraft stabilizes its position. There are no dangerous unfolding moments, and this is very cool, ”says the tester. It was the reserve colonel Bogdan who lifted the first PAK FA prototype into the air. It was January 29, 2010 at the factory airfield in Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Subsequently, Sergei Leonidovich flew other copies of this fighter, bringing them to mind, identifying strengths and weaknesses.
Both fighter and bomberPhoto: hotvesti.ru
The current line of combat vehicles in service with the Russian Air Force are fourth-generation aircraft. , The Su-35 came closest to the fifth-generation fighter. Much of what is on the T-50 has been tested on this aircraft. So, the engine on the PAK FA is installed, like in the 35th model, with a controlled thrust vector. True, the nozzles can deviate here not only up and down, as in but also left and right. On the Su-35, the volume of fuel tanks was also increased and reduced total consumption fuel. At its 11.5 tons, the aircraft can stay in the air for up to 5 hours. So. T-50 is made of polymer materials, that is, it is lighter than the Su-35, and from this the capabilities of the new aircraft, even with a similar supply of fuel, immediately increase. From another machine of the Sukhoi family, the functions of striking ground targets were transferred to the T-50. A sight is installed here, allowing you to see objects on the ground. According to experts, the so-called collimator aviation indicator installed on the PAK FA allows the pilot to visually work out ground targets. At the same time, the aircraft also has other types of modern sighting devices, including television ones. original form PAK FA is like no other. There are no parallel lines here, no sharp corners. Only round shapes. This design, plus the skin material, makes the T-50 a stealth aircraft. Parts here are made of carbon fiber, as a result, the skin of the T-50 hides the aircraft from radar. But the PAK FA itself sees everything. Equipment is installed on board that makes our fighter one of the most far-sighted in the world. A radar station with an active phased antenna array allows the pilot to "see" at a distance of up to ... 400 kilometers! In any direction, all 360 degrees. “Moreover, she does not just see - she classifies objects located both on the ground and in space, determines the type of objects, the degree of threat, and develops recommendations for the pilot,” says a representative of the Radioelectronic Technologies concern » Vladimir Mikheev. The T-50 itself is protected from prying eyes by the Himalaya airborne defense complex. It provides electronic protection against attacking aircraft and anti-aircraft missile strikes. Innovations "put on the wing"Photo: survingcity.ru PAK FA is a flying computer. The most powerful, the most sophisticated. And according to Sergey Gusev, First Deputy Head of the Research and Development Center for Information and Controlled Systems of the Sukhoi Design Bureau, the control system of the machine is also repeatedly duplicated here. Today, the T-50 is put on the wing. That's what the aviators say when we are talking on the commissioning of a new aircraft model, on the testing of its equipment in the air. The characteristics inherent in the machine are confirmed, the operation of the aircraft is made more convenient and safe for the pilot. So far, the new T-50 prototype is being tested in light load mode. Therefore, the testers work in their usual flight uniform. Meanwhile, the Zvezda research and production association has already prepared a special-purpose suit for PAK FA pilots. Everything here is adapted to make it comfortable for the pilot to fly at supersonic speeds. For example, air is supplied through the hose of the anti-g device to fill the chambers of the suit with air. A pilot's helmet is a completely different story. It is fully computerized, connected to all photo and video cameras on board and transmits information to the pilot in the form of pictures on the protective shield. According to the director and chief designer of the Scientific Design Center for Video Computer Technologies of the State Ryazan Instrumentation Plant (JSC GRPZ) Leonid Kostyashkin, the position of the picture changes depending on the position of the head. These advantages are especially clearly revealed in battle: I saw an enemy aircraft on the left, the helmet caught this movement of the pupil, and immediately points a crosshair at the aircraft. The pilot can only make a decision on the use of weapons. The latest ejection seat has also been developed for the T-50. According to the designers, this is one of the most technically complex devices on board the aircraft. For example, a hose system passes through the chair, which supplies oxygen to the mask. There is also an automatic machine for maintaining the set pressure in the suit. A wearable emergency supply is placed under the seat - a first aid kit, a rocket launcher with cartridges, a radio beacon, a Machete-type knife in a special sheath, a flask of water, an antenna, a signal mirror. It is interesting that, if necessary, the package can be turned into a boat, with which you can It's time to stay on the water. This is important if the pilot has to splash down after ejection. New means betterPhoto: weaponry-news.ru
As Deputy Minister of Defense of Russia Yury Borisov stated this spring, mass production fifth-generation fighter PAK FA (T-50) will begin in 2016. So far, only one country in the world is armed with fifth-generation fighters - the United States with F-22 and F-35 aircraft. The T-50 is already superior to them in a number of ways. For example, an engine that has no analogues in the world has been developed for our fighter. According to the managing director of NPO Saturn, program manager for PAK FA of the United Engine Corporation Ilya Fedorov, this is the latest engine, and not an improved analogue of the power plant for. Compared to the engine for it, it is distinguished by increased traction, as well as new system automation, which has incorporated improved qualities into the aircraft, including super-maneuverability. Most of the characteristics of the T-50 are now classified. But it is known, for example, that the combat load of a vehicle can be up to 10 (!) tons. There is information that the aircraft will be equipped with new missiles, which will differ in increased range, sensitivity, noise immunity, as well as the ability to detect and capture a target during autonomous flight, which makes it easier to launch from the internal compartments of the aircraft. In total, according to some information, 14 types of weapons, including short-range, medium-range, long-range and ultra-long-range air-to-air missiles, air-to-surface guided missiles for various purposes, as well as guided bombs. The upgraded 9A1-4071K rapid-fire aircraft gun can also be installed on the T-50, which allows firing in any modes.

Today, the fifth generation T-50 (PAK FA) and F-22 fighters are the most modern fighters in the world. It is also worth noting that China is also participating in this race with its fifth-generation fighter J-20. Japan also has a flying prototype of the fifth generation fighter - this is the Mitsubishi X-2 aircraft.

Photo and description of T-50

Testing of the T-50 fighter (under the name PAK FA) began in 2010, and mass production is planned for 2017.

Photo by PAK FA (T-50).

Composite materials make up to 25% of the hull weight. The aerodynamics of the aircraft is excellent, it is highly maneuverable in the air. Armament is partially hidden in the fuselage, the T-50 can carry 10 to 16 air-to-air missiles.

Photo: three PAK FAs in flight.

The engine meets the requirements of a fifth-generation fighter, making it possible to achieve supersonic performance without afterburner. Its feature is plasma system ignition. It is also assumed that the aircraft can create a plasma cloud, which helps to reduce visibility.

The radar is equipped with an active phased array (AFAR). Data on target detection capabilities are classified, according to preliminary information, a target with a dispersion index of 2.5 m 2 can be detected at a distance of up to 400 km.

Photo and description F-22

The development of the F-22 fighter began in the late 1980s, the machine went into series in 2001.

Photo F-22.

The body of the aircraft is almost 50% made of composite materials. Its geometry is designed to minimize visibility for radars, which is facilitated by the concealed placement of weapons inside the hull. The fighter can carry 8 air-to-air missiles.

Two turbojet engines (thrust 15876 kgf) allow non-afterburning acceleration to supersonic speeds. Their nozzles are covered with a special radar-absorbing material, which reduces the possibility of detecting an aircraft in the infrared range.

Photo F-22 in flight.

The fighter's radar is equipped with AFAR and is highly reliable. A target with a dispersion index of 1 m 2 can be detected at a distance of more than 225 km, and a cruise missile - up to 125 km. At the same time, passive systems are used on the F-22, thanks to which the target does not notice the exposure to early warning radars.

T-50 vs F-22

In many respects, these two fifth-generation fighters are similar to each other. They use stealth technology, they can develop supersonic speeds without afterburner, the ceiling of both machines is about 20,000 m, both aircraft are equipped with modern avionics.

Photo: T-50 takeoff (PAK FA).

Photo T-50 (PAK FA).

The F-22 has a slight advantage in speed, although the aircraft are quite comparable in this indicator (1.7M for the T-50, 1.8M for the F-22). However, the maximum speed that the F-22 is capable of is classified information - it is possible that it is faster.

The F-22 is seriously inferior to the T-50 in terms of maneuverability. In the design of the T-50, super-maneuverability is achieved due to the ability to change the thrust vector of the engine in three dimensions, while in the F-22 the thrust vector works only in two dimensions. The movable parts of the wing and stabilizers of the T-50 also play their role. Thanks to all these factors, the T-50 has the best ability to evade missiles and reach favorable angles of attack.

Photo T-50 (PAK FA).

Photo T-50 (PAK FA).

Photo T-50 (PAK FA).

In terms of stealth technology, the advantage remains with the F-22. The F-22's hull design has many more parallel edges, bringing its reflectance closer to 0.0001 m2. For T-50, this figure is 0.1 m 2. The main unmasking factor for the T-50 is the rear of the fuselage, especially the engine radiation. In addition, all the weapons of the F-22 are hidden inside the case, while the T-50 has only a part.

The T-50 has more target acquisition capabilities thanks to the presence of infrared radars (not available on the F-22), as well as special L-band radars in the wings and X-band on the tail. Thus, the T-50 has a full circular radar view, which the F-22 lacks.

On the other hand, the T-50 (unlike the F-22) does not have passive radars. This means that the F-22 has the ability to detect the T-50's radar exposure and thus detect the Russian fighter.

Because of high level the secrecy associated with the ability of the T-50 to generate a cloud of plasma around the aircraft, it remains unclear the possibilities of this technology to enhance the stealth capabilities of the T-50. Plasma is supposed to significantly reduce the chance of detecting an aircraft, but it can reduce the effectiveness of its own radars.

Photo T-50 (PAK FA).

Photo T-50 (PAK FA).

Photo T-50 (PAK FA).

In terms of armament, the advantage remains with the T-50, it is able to carry more missiles: 8-12 for the F-22 versus 10-16 for the T-50 (including external suspensions). The range of the T-50 is also higher: 5,500 km versus 3,200 km for the F-22.

According to experts, in the event of a direct collision of these two fighters, the F-22 will be the first to detect the T-50 at a distance of 50 km and fire an AIM-120D missile at it. The T-50 will not see the enemy, but it will notice the missile and, due to its high maneuverability, will most likely be able to evade it. At a distance of 30 km, the T-50 will detect the F-22 and will be able to launch its RVV-AE missiles. At that range, the F-22's maneuverability and speed would likely allow it to evade as well.

After that, the fighters will approach and use R-73 and AIM-9X melee missiles. The further outcome of the battle between them will largely depend on the skill of the pilots, their ability to evade missiles and quickly fix the target.

At the beginning of this year, 7 years have passed since the first flight of the Russian 5th generation fighter T-50, aka PAK FA. Seven years of work on fine-tuning the aircraft, however, its American counterpart F-35 is solemnly operated, and not only in the USA, but the first-born of the 5th generation F-22 also flies, even if there are no less nuances and restrictions in the flights of the Raptor, than flight hours.

What happens: we again lag behind and catch up? And our pilots will have at their disposal the T-50 in 20 years after the Americans began operating their "five"?

Let's try to figure it out.

Yuri Borisov, Deputy Minister of Defense, said back in 2015 that "Tests are actually being completed, which have actually confirmed the aircraft's flight performance."

Many, having heard or read this phrase, along with the statement of the Air Force Commander-in-Chief Viktor Bondarev that the military is ready to purchase "as much PAK FA as the industry will make", understood that the T-50 is about to pour into the troops.

I confess I thought so myself.

However, statements about postponements began later, and in the same 2015, in July, the statement of the same Yuri Borisov fell like thunder from the sky: “Yes, we are reducing the purchase of PAK FA fighters, one squadron will be purchased in the coming years.”

And then there was information that the Aerospace Forces had placed an order for the Su-35S. In quantities that frankly hinted that the promised T-50s would not get into the troops. And about 70 Su-35S units will go there.

At first they said about the T-50 that it would “come in” in 2016, then in December 2016 Bondarev said about 2017, in February 2017 Borisov already announced the deadlines within the framework of the state armament program 2018-2025.

And it was, I emphasize, about a series of 12 aircraft for test operation in the Aerospace Forces. Accordingly, Borisov said between the lines that full mass production would not begin until 2025.

Everything is bad? We think.

I was haunted by the phrase where twice Borisov used the word "actually." “Actually completed” and “actually confirmed”.

Concerned about the exact interpretation of this word according to the dictionaries of Efremova and Ushakov, I did not see the word “finally” in the synonyms.

If we translate into simple Russian what Borisov said, it turns out that the flight performance of the T-50 corresponded to the expected, but ... only the performance characteristics. There is not a word about the 100% readiness of the aircraft for production and operation.

Unlike the Su-35, which apparently has no such problems.

Is everything very bad? We think again.

Work on the PAK FA began in 2002, 15 years ago. Big term, I must say, especially considering that the aircraft was not created from scratch. The developments under the MiG 1.44 project and the experience gained during the operation of the Su-47 were used. Plus work on the Su-35, with which the T-50 is largely unified and even flies on the same engines.

By the way, about engines.

All T-50s that exist today fly with the AL-41F1 engine. The upgraded AL-41F1S is installed on the Su-35S. But the Su-35S is 4+ or 4++.

And the real engine for the T-50 is still not ready. In February of this year, representatives of the UEC (United Engine Corporation) reported that ground tests the so-called "Product 30", that is, the real engine for the T-50, began in October 2016 and are being successfully completed. And the T-50 with the new engine will make its first flight at the end of 2017.

Electronics. Actually, what half makes the 5th generation fighter so.

Yuri Bely, CEO NIIP them. Tikhomirov, the "brain" of the Concern for Radio Electronic Technologies (KRET), in the same February of this year, said that, despite the start of serial production of the radar at the Ryazan instrument factory, which is part of KRET, testing and fine-tuning the guidance complex will require more time.

In April of this year, the website of the Sukhoi company reported on the first flight tests of the new on-board electronics and the T-50 microprocessor.

This equipment is responsible for controlling aircraft systems, weapons, as well as multi-mode intelligent support for the pilot. It can be concluded that this part of the aircraft is still in the development stage. The terms of its readiness at Sukhoi are also not reported.

Armament.

Everything is in order with the gun for the T-50, 9-A1-4071K passed a test complex in 2014-2015 with good results. But this is not a completely new product, but a modernized version of the GSh-30-1 (9-A-4071K), produced since the 1980s in Tula for all Soviet and Russian fighters.

Something, but in Tula they know how to do historically.

It's worse with rocket weapons.

I will refer to the words of the head of the Tactical Missiles Corporation, Boris Obnosov, who said that in 2017 only the first stage of creating new aircraft missiles for the PAK FA will be completed. According to him, the creation of weapons placed inside the fuselage (to reduce the visibility of the aircraft in electromagnetic spectrum) "requires the search for additional technical solutions."

What is the result? There is a plane, but it has not yet been “brought to mind”. That is why the Ministry of Defense is acting quite reasonably, they are in no hurry to buy an unfinished car. Obviously, all those systems that will really make the T-50 a 5th generation fighter are still in the testing stage and they will be completed, apparently, at best in the early 20s.

And the advantages of the Su-35, albeit 4 ++, are also obvious, but it is quite ready to get into operation. When, in May 2015, Air Force Commander-in-Chief Bondarev said that the military was ready to buy “as many PAK FAs as the industry makes,” I am sure he did not lie or exaggerate at all. It's just that it was not about "actually", but a completely finished aircraft.

So - what can be claims?

If claims are worth making, then not to the military, but to those who “successfully managed” our military-industrial sector in such a way. And today's lag is the merit of the same 90s. There would be no "love and consent" in those years - there would be no F-35, which flies thanks to the developments of the Yakovlev Design Bureau on the Yak-141.

However, the US has operated 195 fifth-generation F-22 Raptor fighters since 2005 and has already produced more than 200 F-35 fighters, which have been in service with the military since 2015. How and how successful is another question.

Only an optimist can call the successful operation of the F-22. But only a very complete optimist will be able to evaluate the industry and economy of Russia and the United States on an equal footing. Here in the 1990s we were dealt such a blow, from which, if we recover, it will not be soon. And it's not even about the money, although it is also about them.

If you hypothetically stop being “kind” to everyone and forgive multi-million dollar debts, even this will not help quickly and efficiently. Personnel hunger is worse than financial hunger. In the 90s there was no money, but there were people who were ready to work for the country. Today, money is not so bad, but ...

Yes, we are lagging behind here, and this is the saddest thing of all. We are behind in preparation. And this greatly hinders the development of everything. But the fact that we are lagging behind without standing still is, as it were, a result. Again, compared to the 90s.

If you look closely at the F-22, it took the Americans 15 years, from the first flight to adoption. We spent almost the same amount of time, but the journey is still far from complete. If indeed in 2025 the T-50 begins to fly as a full-fledged fighter, this can really be considered a huge success.

So far, this is really a PAK - a promising aviation complex that has yet to be improved and improved. But, if you look just at the painful experience of the Americans, it is better not to rush. In order not to have to introduce restrictions on altitude and flight duration due to sudden problems, and stuff like that. Our aircraft must be better than its predecessors. To take the “raw” car into service, so that later they would rebuke us, as we are over the problems of the Raptor - do we need it?

In principle, some will be able to regard everything that has been said as the fact that we once again screwed up and this is an attempt to smooth the corners. Not at all. Yes, there were too many screams about PAK FA, in my humble opinion. In general, all this hype on the topic “we again washed down what has no analogues in the world” hurts, and hurts a lot. It is necessary to calmly and more confidently do your job and shout less. Then you don't have to blush.

For some reason I am sure that the T-50 will be brought to mind BEFORE it enters the troops. The line of conduct of the Ministry of Defense gives reason to think so. And I hope that our military-industrial complex enterprises will cope with the task.

In any case, we will gain more from the postponement than we will lose. Yes, those who like to yell that everything is lost, this is a chance for them. Yes, if the possibility of a full-scale war really loomed tomorrow, it would not be very comfortable to know that the MiG-29 and Su-27 would fight with the F-35. But we also have Su-30s, Su-35s, and MiG-35s. And, importantly, our air defense. I don’t know how easy the F-35 will be to deal with them, but knowing the cost, I’m sure not everyone in the US will want to check it out. What if he can't?

So let the Lightning 2 fly to the delight of the Americans and those who bought it. Our main task is not to launch a series of hundreds of T-50s, and not thousands of Armats on the borders with Europe. This is overkill.

Our main task is to restore everything that was destroyed in the 90s and establish a constant influx of personnel to where they will later develop, build, test and bring to mind 7th generation aircraft and 9th generation tanks. We are far from being as bad as it sometimes seems. You just need to bring everything to mind.

In general, this slogan, “bring everything to mind”, is applicable to any point in Russia, wherever you point your finger.

PAK FA T-50 is a new generation multi-purpose machine, fully developed in modern Russia. It has a number of advantages that are characteristic of both attack aircraft and fighters.

The T-50 is a good compromise between excellent flight performance and stealth, which, together with modern airborne detection equipment (radar, OLS), a defense system and new missile weapons, will make it possible to gain superiority in the sky over the entire existing this moment aviation. It is planned that the T-50 will become a direct replacement for the obsolete Su-27 in the Russian Air Force.

History of creation

The starting point for the emergence of fifth-generation combat vehicles was the confrontation in the sky between the USSR and America. In the late 70s and early 80s, two fourth-generation fighters from each country were created: the heavy Su-27 and F-15 and the light MiG-29 and F-16. Based on the experience gained in 1990, the first prototypes are created and tested in the USA. Finalization and production of a series will take almost 12 years, later this machine will receive the designation Raptor.

In the Soviet Union, the development of a promising fighter was assigned to RAC MiG. The design team developed the MiG 1.44 aircraft. But because of the political, and then economic crisis in the country, all prototype tests were canceled, the project was frozen for an indefinite period.

New life MiG 1.44 fighter began in 2000 in another country.

A series of flight tests showed that the machine no longer met modern requirements for maneuverability, stealth on radar, and the ability to hit different kinds goals. The development of the MiG 1.44 was finally stopped.

In 2001, the top military leadership of Russia focused all efforts on the release of a completely new promising aviation complex front-line aviation (PAK FA). Its main creator was the Sukhoi Design Bureau.

From 2002 to 2005 bureau creates preliminary design under the name T-50, on the basis of which technological documentation for the assembly of the aircraft is being developed. Implementation latest method design has significantly accelerated the release of the first prototype of the machine. In January 2010, the fifth generation PAK FA T-50 fighter was created.

DESIGN

A single body is formed by the fuselage and wing with a forward influx. Implementation this decision allowed to significantly increase the maneuverability of the aircraft. The wing itself is equipped with deflectable socks, ailerons and flapperons. The front part of the front influxes is made swivel for additional control. The vertical tail of the machine is made up of two all-moving keels.

The horizontal tail is an all-moving stabilizer.

The heat exchangers of the air conditioning system and the air intakes of the engine nacelles are located on the front of the pylons. Air intakes of engines with engine nacelles are spaced at a distance of 0.6-0.7 meters from the central axis of the aircraft, where there are several compartments for hidden placement of missiles and bombs. The connection of all aircraft controls into one system ensures high maneuverability at various angles of attack, and excludes the aircraft from entering a tailspin as a phenomenon.

Airframe layout with almost total absence right angles, a special coating with radar absorbing materials, the use of composite materials in the design reduced the visibility of the T-50 on radars. This indicator improved 20 times compared to the 4th generation. An excellent view of the fighter pilot is provided by the well-thought-out design of the canopy glazing. Also on the left side of the cockpit, below the pilot, is a retractable rod for refueling.

The chassis of the PAK FA T-50 is unified with the chassis of fourth-generation aircraft. The nose strut consists of two wheels with a diameter of 0.6 meters, a mudguard and headlights. Rear racks - one wheel with a diameter of about 1 meter with brakes. All landing gear fold forward in the direction of flight.

One of the most important characteristics combat aircraft is the ratio of engine thrust to aircraft mass (thrust-to-weight ratio). Its increase increases maneuverability and acceleration speed both on the ground and in the air. Starting with fighters of generations 4 and 4+, this indicator exceeds 1, that is, the total thrust generated by the engine is higher than the curb weight of the vehicle.

The main plant is currently a turbojet engine with two circuits.

Its peculiarity lies in the fact that part of the injected air is directed along the second circuit around the combustion chamber. Less fuel is used to create thrust, which reduces consumption and increases the efficiency of the installation.

All this is typical for the afterburner mode. When the afterburner is turned on, fuel consumption increases three times, providing only a 70% increase in traction. However, this mode of operation of the engine is extremely useful. With it, you can shorten the length of the takeoff run, perform dangerous maneuvers faster during the battle.

Almost all aircraft of previous generations could not overcome sound barrier without afterburner, not to mention the constant flight at a speed of more than one Mach. That is why the most important requirement for the new engine is the ability to cruise in supersonic mode without using the afterburner mode, which will also reduce the infrared trail from the car. According to the stated requirements, two bypass turbojet engines were installed on the PAK FA T-50.

For initial tests, the AL-41F1 turbofan engine with a thrust of 9500 kgf in cruising mode and 15000 kgf with afterburner, with a variable thrust vector and a plasma-based ignition system, was chosen. A pair of such engines allows the aircraft to develop a maximum speed of 2400 km / h.

The main developer of the power plant of the second stage is NPO Saturn.

It is planned that the engine of this generation will be 3-8% better than the AL-41F1 in terms of the main parameters, up to 20% in the auxiliary ones. Installation of product 30 (tentative name) on the T-50 will begin in 2023-25.

The basis of the weapon control system of the PAK FA T-50 aircraft is the Sh-121 radar system. It consists of: onboard radar station early warning H036 Belka with five antennas, optical location station (OLS-50M), H036UVS system. BRLS N036 Squirrel produced in NIIP them. V.V. Tikhomirov and is equipped with an active phased array antenna locator (AFAR). 1526 small transceiver modules are evenly distributed on the surface of the antenna.

A design of this type made it possible to increase the reliability of the station.

The optical location station (OLS-50M) is located in front of the cockpit. It is designed to find the target on the infrared trail, as well as to measure the distance to it using a laser range finder-target designator. It is possible to work together with the pilot's helmet-mounted target designation system during close combat.

The multifunctional radio-electronic system of the aircraft makes it possible to detect inconspicuous objects; carry out navigation, reconnaissance and electronic countermeasures against enemy aircraft.

Armament

The fighter is equipped with a 30-mm built-in gun 9A1-4071K. It serves to attack on the ground or for close combat. The maximum combat load of the T-50 is 10 tons. To reduce visibility, all ammunition is located in internal containers.

Rocket (bomb) weapons are divided into several classes:

1. Short-range air-to-air missiles - RVV-MD with an IR guidance head (K-73E, K-74ME).
2. Medium-range air-to-air missiles (RVV-SD). Currently, medium-range missiles (up to 100 km) are equipped with heads with a new generation active radar system. At the first stage after launch, the missile determines the switching point of the homing complex, and then it begins to illuminate the target itself. The goal of "let it go and forget it" is being realized.
3. Long-range and ultra-long-range air-to-air missiles (RVV-BD). This type of armament is used on external hardpoints due to its large dimensions. Examples of such missiles are the product 180-BD, KS-172. Range of defeat - up to 400 km.
4. Anti-ship missiles/
5. Various modifications of air-to-surface missiles.
6. Adjustable bombs.

Defense complex

The main task defense complex is to provide full control over the situation at near and far distances from the aircraft. With it, it is possible to disable or damage the enemy's targeting system, minimizing the chance of any attack.

Many sensors signal the pilot about the launch of missiles, about laser or radio-electronic irradiation. The fighter's countermeasure system automatically starts jamming when a threat is detected.

The prototype of the cockpit of the PAK FA T-50 aircraft was the cockpit.

It has two large color screens that display all the information. The possibility of placing the necessary information individually for each pilot was realized. The main sighting information is located on the widescreen display of the windshield of the machine.

With the development of aviation and computer technology, the aircraft control system also improved. Currently, combat operations imply that the fighter pilot must have complete information about the air and ground situation. Information comes from both its own detection station and from ground facilities.

The T-50 "electronic pilot" system analyzes and offers the pilot the best option, with which he can agree or enter other input data and receive other recommendations.

Comparison of fifth generation aircraft

The main competitors of the PAK FA T-50 are the F-22 Raptor and F-35 Lighting. Their summary data is presented in the table.

	T-50 PAK FA	F-22 Raptor	F-35 Lighting II
EPR, m2	0.005−0.5	0.005−0.3	0.001−0.1
Empty weight, kg	18 500	19 700	13 300
Max. takeoff weight, kg	37 000	38 000	31 800
Max. speed, km/h	2500	2100	1900
Cruise speed, km/h	2100	1850	1300
Flight range, km	2700	1900	2200
10 000	9000	7700
Rocket suspension points, pcs	10 internal	8 internal	4 internal
	6 external	4 external	-
Target detection range
4th generation fighters	330 km	165 km	220 km
5th generation fighters	90 km	90 km	110 km

The thrust-to-weight ratio of the T-50 with an average takeoff weight with two modernized engines is 10% more than that of the F-22 and almost 1.5 times greater than that of the F-35. The range of the PAK FA T-50 aircraft at full load is 2700 km, for the Raptor it does not exceed 2500 km.

The effective dispersion area (ERA) of the T-50 is about 0.5 m2, which is somewhat worse than that of American fighters. But this is offset by much better maneuverability and maximum speed thrust vector changes (60o per second at 20o for Americans).

In terms of the number of weapons, the advantage is on the side of the PAK FA T-50 fighter. Including external suspensions - maximum amount missiles is 16 pieces. The F-22 has 12 pieces, the F-35 has 4 pieces.

Hypothetically, the air battle of the T-50 and F-22 Raptor can be represented as follows. At a distance of 60-70 km, the F-22 will be the first to detect an enemy aircraft and launch a missile at it. PAK FA will be able to evade it due to its maneuverability, and then notice the Raptor, firing a rocket at it in response. The further outcome of the battle will be affected only by the training of pilots and their experience in combat. The F-35 has virtually no chance of winning due to low airspeed, poor maneuverability, and a small number of missiles.

The T-50 PAK FA is an excellent embodiment of the engineering ideas of Russian scientists.

Despite all the obstacles (lack of funding, the outflow of qualified engineers and designers abroad), the development and then production of the aircraft at the aircraft factory were completed in the shortest possible time. As a result, the T-50 was ahead of its time, thus setting the vector for the development of world aviation forward in the coming years.

Since 2018, the serial production of the fighter has begun. He was given the new name Su-57. It is planned that deliveries to the Russian troops will begin in 2019 with the first pilot batch of 12 vehicles.

Video