Harnesses are safety, positioning, holding. Personal fall protection equipment. restraint and positioning harnesses and lanyards

Retaining straps with and without length adjustment serve to prevent the worker from getting into an area where a fall from a height is possible. They are designed to limit the movement of a person in the place of work. It is forbidden to use them when carrying out work in places where there is a risk of a worker falling to a depth. Retaining slings do not have shock absorbers and are regulated by the GOST R EN 358 standard.

Adjustable and non-adjustable positioning lanyards are used to hold the worker in place. Usually, the use of positioning slings implies the presence of support under the legs. Positioning lanyards may not be used as part of a fall arrest system with the risk of impact dynamic loading resulting from fall arrest.

All submitted slings for positioning and retention meet the requirements of TR TS, which confirms the availability of relevant certificates. In order to buy our products in bulk, please contact our sales department or place an order on the website for further coordination of the delivery with our specialists.

Leashes are the main and mandatory component of the belay system. Application various types harnesses for use as PPE against falls from a height depends on the location of the work and the risks. The main types of harnesses are for positioning, holding, and to prevent falls.

Full (universal) harnesses (full body harnesses) are safety harnesses and must comply with GOST R EN 361 (European analogue of EN 361). Such harnesses are applicable both for support and unsupported space, provide reliable preservation of the worker in case of a possible fall from a height with the risk of a large (relatively) jerk factor. In addition, all harnesses certified to this standard can be used not only as a component of a fall arrest system, but also in restraint systems.

Harnesses without chest straps (lower harnesses) and belts are regulated by the GOST R EN 358 standard (European analogue of EN 358) and provide only positioning at the workplace and / or keeping the worker in a safe area.

Harnesses for work in a seated position, having compliance with the GOST REN 813 standard, are used for work requiring increased comfort during prolonged stay in unsupported space or when positioning at the workplace. In particular, leashes are simultaneously certified according to and are most effectively used when working with the use of rope access systems (industrial mountaineering).

All presented harnesses comply with the requirements of TR CU, which confirms the availability of relevant certificates.

You can buy safety, restraint, positional harnesses in our company using the tools of the electronic catalog or by sending us a request in a free form.

A safety harness is one of the elements of a system that ensures safety and protects in case of a fall. We will talk about its device, tests and requirements of GOST.

Read in the article:

Safety harness (belt safety belt for high-altitude work)

According to the GOSTs in force in our country, high-rise work is recognized as work that is carried out more than 1.8 meters above the ground. Of course, such work is indispensable without special tools, so individual safety devices have constantly evolved: from primitive crampons and hooks to mounting belts and complex safety harnesses for working at height (hereinafter referred to as SP).

A safety harness is an important element of a safety system used in work at height, which securely holds a person at a given distance from the surface and prevents a fall. It differs from others in reliable coverage, as well as fixing the body in a comfortable, safe position. These opportunities are given by a well-thought-out system of shoulder and hip straps, strong slings, adjustable straps, self-locking buckles.

At correct application this design does not constrain the movements of the climber, does not allow slipping out of the safety system, no matter how he is positioned during work. This, however, does not mean that anyone without training can use it. A high-altitude specialist is obliged to comply with all labor safety requirements, properly check and use his joint venture.

Briefly general rules tests look like this:

• before each use, the joint venture must be carefully examined for damage or weakening of the nodes;
• when putting on, you need to make sure that the belt is at the waist, the leg, shoulder straps are in place;
• adjust the dorsal point, tighten the shoulder straps;
• then the shoulder straps must be connected to the belt using buckles and carabiners.

After that, it is possible for strength, observing the conditions established by the manufacturer, that is, in the recommended temperature regime, away from chemically active substances, piercing and cutting objects. The product is tested for static, dynamic loads on special stands using a steel mannequin that imitates a person.

Storage of the joint venture is carried out according to the rules: in a dry room, protected from direct sunlight. Do not store equipment near heating appliances, combustible or chemically aggressive substances. After cleaning, only natural drying of the product is possible.

It is important to remember that in case of any damage or weakening of the structure, the harness cannot be used, and at the end of the warranty period, the equipment should be taken out of service and destroyed.

Testing safety belts according to the new rules

Similar standards apply to the operation and storage of mounting straps, but the test details differ. Once every 6 months, the belts must be tested for a static load of 4,000N.

This is done in two ways:

• a belt for working at height is fastened with a buckle on a rigid cylindrical beam, and a load is suspended from the ring on the waist belt for 5 minutes, giving a load of 4,000N;
• after fixing the belt on the beam, the ring on the waist safety belt is connected to the winch, developing a load of 4,000N for 5 minutes.

Slings are tested in a similar manner by suspending loads of 4,000 N for 5 minutes with a carabiner attached to the anchor.

If, after testing, the metal parts did not deform, the fabrics and threads did not break, and no other defects appeared, then the test of the safety belt is considered to be successfully passed.

Restraint lanyards can be fixed or adjustable length holding or positioning lanyards, including elastic lanyards, shock absorber lanyards, and pull-out guards.

103. Positioning systems, according to graphic diagram 2 of safety systems for working at height, provided for in Appendix No. 12 to the Rules, are used in cases where it is necessary to fix the working position at height to ensure comfortable work in the backwater, while minimizing the risk of falling below the point support by adopting a certain working posture by the worker.

The use of a positioning system requires the mandatory presence of a fall arrest system.

Positioning sling connectors of constant or adjustable length should be used as the shock-absorbing subsystem of the positioning system, but slide-type guards on flexible or rigid anchor lines may be used.

104. Safety systems, according to graphic diagram 3 of the systems for ensuring the safety of work at height, provided for in Appendix No. 12 to the Rules, are necessarily used if, based on the results of the inspection of the workplace, the risk of falling below the fulcrum of an employee who has lost contact with the supporting surface is revealed, while their use minimizes the effects of a fall from a height by stopping the fall.

As a leash in safety systems is used harness. The use of harnessless safety belts is prohibited due to the risk of injury or death due to impact on the worker's spine when stopping a fall, the worker falling out of the safety belt, or the inability of the worker to stay static in the safety belt for a long time in a hovering state.

The structure of the connecting-shock-absorbing subsystem of the safety system necessarily includes a shock absorber. The connecting-shock-absorbing subsystem can be made of slings, exhaust safety devices or slide-type protective equipment on flexible or rigid anchor lines.

105. The location of the type and installation location of the anchor device of the safety system prescribed in the PPR at a height or work permit must:

a) provide a minimum fall factor to reduce the risk of injury to the worker directly during the fall (for example, due to impacts on the elements of the object) and / or at the moment of stopping the fall (for example, due to the impact that stopped the fall);

b) eliminate or minimize the pendulum trajectory of the fall;

c) provide sufficient clearance under the worker after the fall has been stopped, taking into account the total length of the lanyard and/or retrieval line of the safety device, the length of the activated shock absorber and all connectors.

106. Anchor lines, ropes or fixed guides of specific structures must meet the requirements of the manufacturer's instructions that determine the specifics of their application, installation and operation.

107. The action plan in case of an emergency and during rescue operations should provide for the implementation of measures and the use of evacuation and rescue equipment that allow people to be evacuated in the event of an accident or an accident during work at height.

108. To reduce the risk of injury to an employee who remains in the fall arrest system after stopping the fall in a hovering state, the evacuation plan must provide for measures and means (for example, self-rescue systems) that allow the employee to be freed from hovering as soon as possible (no more than 10 minutes).

109. The composition of the rescue and evacuation systems, according to graphic diagrams 4 and 5 of the systems for ensuring the safety of work at height, provided for in Appendix No. 12 to the Rules, should include:

a) additional or already used, but designed for additional load, anchor devices and / or anchor lines;

b) backup restraint systems, positioning systems, access systems and/or fall arrest systems;

c) the necessary means of lifting and/or lowering, depending on the rescue and/or evacuation plan (for example, winches, blocks, tripods, lifts);

d) stretchers, tires, means of immobilization;

d) first aid kit.

110. Depending on the specific conditions of work at height, workers should be provided with the following PPE - compatible with fall protection systems:

A) special clothing- depending on the influencing harmful production factors;

b) helmets - to protect the head from injuries caused by falling objects or impacts on objects and structures, to protect the upper part of the head from damage by variables electric shock voltage up to 440 V;

c) goggles, shields, protective screens - to protect against dust, flying particles, bright light or radiation;

d) protective gloves or mittens, protective creams and other means - to protect hands;

e) special footwear of the appropriate type - when working with the risk of injury to the legs;

f) means of respiratory protection - from dust, smoke, vapors and gases;

g) individual oxygen apparatus and other means - when working in conditions of probable oxygen deficiency;

h) hearing protection;

i) protective equipment used in electrical installations;

j) life jackets and belts - in case of danger of falling into the water;

k) signal vests - when performing work in places where vehicles are moving.

111. Workers performing work at height are required to use protective helmets with the chin strap fastened. The inner harness and chin strap must be removable and have devices for attaching to the helmet body. The chin strap must be adjustable in length, the method of fastening must ensure the possibility of its quick detachment and prevent spontaneous fall or displacement of the helmet from the worker's head.

112. When using cable access systems (depending on the object, season and climatic conditions), employees are issued special footwear with anti-slip properties in accordance with the manufacturer's operational documentation.

The lanyard of the safety system for electric and gas welders and other workers performing hot work must be made of steel rope, chain or special fire-resistant materials.

114. Workers without proper PPE or with faulty PPE are not allowed to work at heights.

v. Special Requirements on labor protection, presented

for work at height

Rope access system

115. The cable access system, according to the graphic scheme provided for in Appendix No. 14 to the Rules, can only be used if the inspection of the workplace indicates that when performing work, the use of other, safer methods and equipment is inappropriate.

To ascend and descend an employee along vertical (more than 70° to the horizon) and inclined (more than 30° to the horizon) planes, as well as to perform work in a state of suspension in an unsupported space, a cable access system is used, consisting of anchor (th) devices (a) and connecting subsystem (flexible or rigid anchor line, slings, ropes, carabiners, descending device, lifting device).

Works using rope access systems are carried out with the obligatory use of a safety system consisting of an anchor device, a connecting subsystem (flexible or rigid anchor line, shock absorber, slings, ropes, carabiners, catcher, safety harness).

It is not allowed to use one rope at the same time for a belay system and for a rope access system.

116. Works using a cable access system at height require development of WEP at a height and are performed according to the tolerance.

117. Places and methods of fixing the rope access system and the safety system to the anchor devices are indicated in the PPR at a height or work permit.

The rope access system and the fall arrest system must have separate anchor devices. Attachment points are suitable if each can withstand a load of at least 22 kN without breaking.

If the action plan in case of an emergency and during rescue operations is supposed to fasten the rescue and evacuation systems to the attachment points used during the work, then they must withstand a load of at least 24 kN without destruction.

118. In places where the rope may be damaged or pinched, a rope guard must be used.

119. All ropes fixed at one end (flexible anchor lines) must have end stops, for example, a knot, in order to avoid the possibility of bypassing the end of the rope during descent. In accordance with the recommendations of PPE manufacturers, the limiter on the rope can be combined with a weighting agent.

120. When performing work by several employees at the same time, the work of one employee on another vertically is not allowed.

121. The use of nodes for attaching the connecting subsystem to the anchor device in cable access systems is unacceptable. The knots used for hanging tools, inventory, fixtures and materials, as well as those used on guy ropes, must be indicated in the PPR at a height and must not unintentionally unravel or untie.

122. In exceptional cases (emergency evacuation, life threatening), taking into account the risk assessment of falling from a height, permission may be given to use only one rope for simultaneous use in the rope access system and fall arrest system.

123. When working with a cable access system for more than 30 minutes, a work seat must be used.

124. A work seat that is not structurally part of a safety harness must have back support in the lumbar region. To improve ergonomics, the work seat can be provided with a height-adjustable footrest (footrest).

125. Rope access systems predominantly use static ropes made from synthetic fibres. Allowed use steel ropes using appropriate lifting and lowering devices.

The length of the ropes used both in the rope access system and in the safety system shared with it, as well as ways to increase their length necessary for the performance of work, are determined by the PPR at height.

126. During a break in work during the work shift (for example, for lunch, according to working conditions), the members of the team must be removed from the workplace (from a height), the components of the safety systems are removed, and the ropes of the cable access system are either raised or the impossibility of access is ensured strangers to them. Brigade members are not allowed to return after a break for workplace without a responsible contractor. The admission after such a break is performed by the responsible performer of the work without registration in the work permit.

Requirements for labor protection of workers when moving

on structures and high-rise objects

127. To ensure the safety of an employee when moving (ascending or descending) on ​​structures at a height in cases where it is impossible to organize safety system with the location of its anchor device on top (fall factor 0), can be used, according to graphic diagrams 1 and 2 of the safety system for working at height, provided for in Appendix No. 15 to the Rules, self-insurance or security from below by a second worker (insurer), according to graphic diagram 3 systems for ensuring the safety of work at height, provided for in Appendix No. 15 to the Rules.

128. When using self-insurance, the employee must have group 2 and above and ensure the continuity of insurance by his actions.

129. To ensure safety when moving (climbing / descending) on ​​structures and high-rise objects, the second worker (belay) must be equipped with an independent anchor device, to which a brake system with a dynamic rope is attached. One end of the rope is connected to the climbing/descending worker's harness, and the other end is held by the belayer, ensuring that the first worker is securely held without sagging (weakening) of the rope. Graphic diagrams of various braking systems, their characteristics, the ratio of forces arising on anchor devices depending on the bending angles of the safety rope and the jerk force are provided for in Appendix No. 16 to the Rules.

When climbing the structural elements, in cases where safety is ensured by the belayer from below, the climbing worker must install additional anchor devices with connectors on the structural elements every 2-3 m and pass the rope through them.

When ensuring the safety of an ascending / descending worker, the worker acting as a belayer must hold the safety rope with both hands, using hand PPE.

An employee performing the functions of an insurer must have group 2 and above.

130. The safety of a worker moving along a tree must be ensured by a second worker (insurer). An employee climbing a tree must install additional anchor devices with connectors on the tree every 2-3 m and pass a rope through them.

When trimming trees directly from the tree, the worker must use a positioning device or be held by a belayer with a rope through an anchor device attached to the tree above the shoulders of the worker performing the tree trimming.

Both workers must have group 2 and above, undergo special training in safe methods and techniques for performing work on pruning (felling) trees.

Rigid and flexible anchor lines

131. For a safe transition at a height from one workplace to another, safety systems should be used, in which rigid or flexible anchor lines are used as anchor devices.

132. Anchor lines of specific designs must meet the requirements of the manufacturer's specifications, which determine the specifics of their application, installation and operation.

133. Anchor lines must be equipped with a device for their attachment to the structural elements of the building, structure. When used in the design of the rope - a device for its tension, providing ease of installation, removal, rearrangement and the possibility of changing the length of the rope depending on the distance between the attachment points.

134. The design of the details of the anchor line should exclude the possibility of injury to the worker's hands.

135. The mass of the rope as a whole should be established by standards or specifications on ropes of specific designs.

136. If it is impossible to arrange transitional bridges or when performing small jobs, requiring the movement of an employee at a height within the workplace, and when the possibility of sliding an employee on an inclined plane is excluded, horizontal anchor lines should be used.

High-altitude work is carried out in various industries and areas of human activity: from construction to science and entertainment. But, despite the variety of tasks and conditions, there are a number of common methods for ensuring safety when working at height.

Safety systems for work at height can be divided into several types:

• restraint systems;
• safety systems;
• positioning systems;
• rope access systems;
• evacuation and rescue systems.

The choice of the system or systems used is based on the task, the configuration of building structures, the architecture of the building, the available supports for the installation of anchor devices, the duration of work, etc.

Restraint systems

Restraint systems limit the area of ​​free movement of the worker, preventing him from being in the fall risk zone. With the correct use of the restraint system, the worker simply cannot physically get over the height difference.

Compound:

• holding sling or traction rope, carabiners (connecting-shock-absorbing subsystem);
• restraint or safety harness.

In restraint systems, there are no large loads on the worker's body, so both a fall arrest harness and a harness for holding and positioning can be used. The worker's harness is connected to the anchor device using a restraining or safety sling. It is allowed to use slings with a length adjustment device. Petzl JANE, Petzl GRILLON slings are suitable for organizing restraint systems.

To expand the area of ​​possible movement of the worker, flexible or rigid horizontal anchor lines can be used. In this case, the worker will move along the anchor line.

It must be understood that the restraint system is in principle not designed to stop a fall, but only to prevent it. Therefore, in the area of ​​possible movement of an employee, there should be no fragile surfaces, openings, open hatches, etc. Also, the danger of falling can occur when approaching the corners of buildings.

Inadmissible use of restraint systems

Safety systems

Fall arrest systems should be used whenever there is a risk of a worker falling. Their purpose is not just to stop the fall (asphalt copes with this), but to do it safely. The dynamic load on the worker when stopping the fall - the braking force - should not exceed a safe value of 6 kN.

When using fall arrest systems, harness. Fall arrest devices must be attached to the worker's harness at chest or back attachment points marked A.

In belay systems, shock absorbers are usually used, which absorb part of the energy during a fall and reduce the braking force to a safe 6 kN. When actuated, the shock absorbers lengthen. The shock absorber extension must be taken into account when calculating the free space under the worker. With insufficient headroom, the worker may hit the floor or other obstacles before coming to a complete stop.

Consider existing methods organization of insurance systems.

Harness system using a lanyard

Compound:

• anchor device, horizontal anchor line;
• safety sling with a shock absorber, carabiners (connecting and shock-absorbing subsystem);
• insurance harness.

The worker's harness is attached to the anchor device or horizontal anchor line using a lanyard. The lanyard must be equipped with a shock absorber, which reduces the force of the dynamic impact on the worker in the event of a fall. Using a two-shoulder safety sling, you can move in space while maintaining a permanent connection with the support.

Harness system using a lanyard

Using a two-shoulder safety sling, you can move in space while maintaining a permanent connection with the support

Application of a horizontal anchor line

Fall arrest system using slide type fall arrest device

Compound:

• anchor device, vertical or inclined anchor line;
• slide-type safety device, shock absorber (connecting and shock-absorbing subsystem);
• insurance harness.

A belay device (eg Petzl ASAP) moves freely along the anchor line following the movement of the worker, but, in the event of a worker falling, it is automatically fixed and stops the fall. Safety systems using slide-type PPE and vertical anchor lines are used when roofing works, when climbing stairs to a support, when working on inclined surfaces.

Use of a belay device on inclined and vertical anchor lines

Harness system using retractable type PPE

Compound:

• anchor device;
• retractable PPE;
• insurance harness.

The retractor-type PPE is attached to the support, and the cable or sling coming out of it is attached to the worker's harness. When the worker moves, the cable is automatically extended from the block or retracted into it, depending on the direction of movement. In the event of a fall, the automatic braking system stops the fall. Some models of retractable PPE have a soft descent system to lower the worker to the ground at a safe speed.

Positioning systems

Compound:

• anchor device;
• sling for positioning, carabiners (connecting-shock-absorbing subsystem);
• harness for holding and positioning.

Positioning systems are used to hold the worker at height and support work while still minimizing the risk of falling below the fulcrum by adopting a specific work posture. Such systems are used when the worker has a support under his feet, but to maintain a stable position, it is necessary to hold on with his hands. A striking example is work on towers, masts cellular communication. The positioning system allows you to free your hands for work.

The use of a positioning system requires the mandatory presence of a fall arrest system.

Adjustable and fixed length slings are used for positioning.

The positioning lanyard can be attached to the support in a girth, or using an anchor device.

Worker positioning with Petzl GRILLON sling,
the fall arrest system is represented by a flexible anchor line and a Petzl ASAP fall arrest device

Rope access systems

Rope access systems allow you to reach the work site by ascending or descending a rope - a flexible vertical or inclined anchor line. Such systems are a last resort when other access methods such as scaffolding, cradles or lifting towers not advisable.

To ascend and descend an employee along vertical (more than 70º to the horizon) and inclined (more than 30º to the horizon) planes, as well as to perform work in a state of suspension in an unsupported space, a rope access system is used, consisting of anchor devices and a connecting subsystem (flexible or rigid anchor line, slings, ropes, carabiners, device for descending, device for ascent).

Works using rope access systems are carried out with the obligatory use of a safety system consisting of an anchor device, a connecting subsystem (flexible or rigid anchor line, shock absorber, slings, ropes, carabiners, catcher, safety harness).

It is not allowed to use one rope at the same time for a belay system and for a rope access system.

Rope access systems use a full body harness combined with a seated harness. Fall arrest devices are attached to the thoracic or dorsal attachment point, marked with the letter A. Climbing devices (clamps) and descending devices are attached to the attachment point located in the abdomen.

When working for a long time in a state of suspension, it is necessary to use a work seat to prevent circulatory disorders.

Evacuation and rescue systems

Before performing any work at height, an evacuation plan should be developed in case of danger. The evacuation plan must ensure that the casualty is brought down to the ground within 10 minutes to prevent limb injury. In the absence of an easy, quick and safe escape route, personal rescue devices may be used to allow the worker to descend from a height on their own.

A rescue plan should also be developed in the event of a worker falling and hanging on a safety system, or in case of impossibility of independent descent from a height due to injury or poor health. For this, they are used rescue kits, which may include anchor devices, ropes, descenders, special winches, pulley systems (for example, Petzl JAG RESCUE KIT).

Petzl JAG RESCUE KIT

Very effective pre-installed rescue systems- in this case, the descent devices are pre-integrated into the belay system or into the rope access system in such a way that, if necessary, the worker can be evacuated at any time. Anchor lines are secured using descenders, and their length is chosen with such a margin that it is enough to lower the worker to the ground. This method requires longer anchor lines, but in the event of an accident, it allows a worker to be lowered in a matter of minutes. Evacuation can be carried out from a safe place, without climbing to a working place at a height.

Pre-installed rescue system