. This courtyard is located on the left side of Moskvoretskaya Street, and it currently houses trading shops. It was not at all what this yard represented in the hoary old days: it was something like a customs house.

In former times, the treasury levied duties on everything that was bought and sold, which is why domestic trade was very constrained, and still ancient duties were collected by every prince in his possession and every owner in his estate. The collection of such a fee was destroyed by Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich with his “Statute Charter”, published on April 30, 1654, where, among other things, it is said: “Do not have travel fees and tolls.” And these tolls were levied on every product without exception.

The name Mytny comes from the words “myt”, i.e. duty, and “mytnik”, i.e. duty collector. Both of these words are found in our oldest legitimation, Russkaya Pravda, published by Grand Duke Yaroslav I in 1037.

Goods were probably brought to the Mytny Dvor and lay there until the duty was paid and until they were allowed through by "customs heads and customs kissers."

Mytny yard and inspection of goods

Taking into account that here, at the very Mytny Dvor, were the Moskvoretsky Gates, which for the most part entered Kitai-Gorod, it can be said with certainty that goods were also inspected here. Other gates were forbidden to bring goods to Kitai-Gorod. It should also be noted that in the old days goods were brought to Moscow mostly on barges along the Moscow River.

Mytniks were also called those tax collectors who served mainly during the Tatar yoke to collect tribute.

The building of the Mytny Dvor was built in the form of a quadrangle with a square inside and dates back to the middle of the 16th century.

The Museum of Entrepreneurs, Patrons and Philanthropists was established in 1991 with the active participation of the descendants of entrepreneurs of pre-revolutionary Russia: the Morozovs, Ryabushinskys, Alekseevs, Gubonins, Prokhorovs, Guchkovs, Rukavishnikovs, Sytins and other founders of Russian capitalism. The main organizer of the Museum is the curator of the Museum Lev Nikolaevich Krasnopevtsev. Currently, the Museum is a non-state research, educational and educational center for entrepreneurs, schoolchildren, students and the general public on the history of entrepreneurship, patronage and charity. The museum tells about the worldview, lifestyle, qualities, strategies of pre-revolutionary entrepreneurs, their huge contribution to the development of Russia. The Museum's funds contain more than 2,500 original exhibits: photographs, portraits, documents, personal items, which are monuments to the activities of the creators of Russian industry, trade, financial system. The museum has a significant scientific and auxiliary fund (about 2500 thousand items), including copies of materials, the originals of which are kept in the families of the descendants of merchant families and in private collections. A library thematic fund is being formed in the Museum. Currently, it has more than 3,000 units and is available to Museum visitors. The museum is located in the old part of Moscow on Donskaya Street in a 19th-century building owned by the famous Moscow businessman and philanthropist Ivan Grigoryevich Prostyakov. The museum invites its visitors to sightseeing and thematic tours, lectures and seminars, walking tours. Together with charitable organizations concerts and fairs are held here to raise funds to help those in need.

Original taken from alex_i1 Let's walk around Zaryadye. Now in 3D!

I think many people remember my post about the 3D model of Zaryadye, and someone even remembers the old "walk" with photos. And now, finally, a walk around Zaryadye, but already in 3D! Let's fast forward to the end of the 1930s and walk along Mokrinsky Lane, along the section of Pskovskoye we will exit through the Prolomnye Gate to the embankment, and along the Kitaigorodskaya Wall we will reach the Moskvoretsky Bridge. And then we’ll go into the first courtyard on the right side of Mokrinsky Lane, climb onto the Kitaigorod wall, and walk along it, looking into the courtyards. And, besides all this, there are local history explanations for each segment of the walk, and for each house.

1. View of Zaryadye from the old Moskvoretsky bridge. The embankment and the bridge have not yet been replaced with new ones, and the Kitaigorod wall has already been restored and cleared of shops (the restoration was carried out in the 1920s). In the center of the frame you can see the temple of St. Nicholas the Wet, already decapitated and without a bell tower.

2. View of the beginning of Moskvoretskaya street, and Mokrinsky lane departing from it.

On the left is the Mytny Dvor building. To the right, across the alley, the yellow one is the house that belonged to the Davydovskaya Hermitage, then the red building is the Spassky Chapel, rebuilt in the pseudo-Russian style in 1912, for the 150th anniversary of its being under the jurisdiction of the Davydovskaya Hermitage. The red-brick house to the right also belongs to the desert.

3. This is the same place.

4. So, in front of us is Mokrinsky Lane.

Once it was the legendary Velikaya Street, one of the first streets of Moscow outside the Kremlin. Initially, it led from the city to a trading pier on the Moskva River. In the future, the street, apparently, was extended. In the XIV-XV centuries, this street was large and busy, trade was going on everywhere along it. She left the Kremlin through the Konstantin-Eleninsky gates. When the Kitaygorod wall was built in the 1530s, the street went beyond the aisles of Kitay-gorod through the Kozmodemyansky gates. Zaryadye flourished in the 16th century, and declined in the 17th century. The value of the street decreased and it turned into an ordinary lane, which was named Mokrinsky after the temple of St. Nicholas Wet. The Konstantin-Eleninsky and Kozmodemyansky gates were laid down.

5. Let's go a little higher than Mokrinsky Lane, along the Mytny Dvor, and look down - towards the river. In the distance, across the river, you can see the rebuilt Novomoskovskaya Hotel, in those years "Bucharest", today - "Baltschug-Kempinski".

Let's go back to the beginning of Mokrinsky Lane, and move along it.

6. View of the lane from Mytny Dvor.

Right side, from right to left: house 2 (Davydovskaya Pustyn), then - two-storey house 4 with Empire decor - the house of the Bethany monastery. The next house 6 (Bakhrushina) * - stands for the red line. Very suspicious! But this may be evidence of the antiquity of the house. Red lines began to be strictly regulated after the middle of the 18th century. Indeed, studies in the 1930s, carried out before the demolition of buildings, showed that the basis of this Chamber XVII century! In addition, even in the neighboring house 4, the remains of the chambers of the same time were also found.
*Owners are listed as of 1917.

This is the same location in a 1930s photograph.

7. Next on the even side, again on the red line - a four-story apartment building 8, owned by trading house Gribov with sons. This is the tallest house in the alley. The house is square in plan, with a courtyard-well. The opposite facade of the house faces the Kitaigorod wall. Toward the end of the walk we will see him. Opposite building 8 is the beginning of Zaryadsky Lane.

8. Shop "Beer-Water", located in the rebuilt chambers (house 6).

9. Let's look back towards the Kremlin.

Before us is the Mytny yard. This is a huge square building, occupying an entire block between Moskvoretskaya street, Mokrinsky, Zaryadevsky and Mytny lanes. It is known that already in the 16th century it was made of stone. Research in the 1930s showed that at least the 17th-century chambers were basically preserved. All this was rebuilt in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Myt is a payment for the importation of goods, which was collected in this courtyard. Despite the fact that in 1653 myt was abolished by the trade charter, for another hundred years after that, the building carried partly a customs function.

10. View to the east from Zaryadevsky Lane.

On the left side, a three-story yellow, and two two-story red-brick houses are listed in the possession of No. 3 (Berg). To house 10 (Trusevich) on the right side is worth a closer look. It seems to be classicism, but the protrusion of a part of the facade, starting directly from the axis of symmetry, which is clearly visible from the cornice, is alarming. And the mezzanine has no ledge! This again speaks of the antiquity of the house, chambers of the 17th century were also found here. The 17th century is the decline of the area, nevertheless, a huge number of stone houses were built. Perhaps many of them were rebuilt at one time from earlier buildings, even the 16th century ... unfortunately, all this will remain a mystery. Very few houses were explored, and there were no chambers left in their original form at all. All were rebuilt in the XVIII-XIX centuries.

12. Let's look back.

13. And a little more ahead.

On the right is house 5, built at the beginning of the 20th century in a strict neoclassical style. This house and the neighboring two-story house 7 belonged to the same owner at the beginning of the 20th century - Bogdanov. On the contrary, in the possession of 12 (Arsenyev) - an eclectic house of the XIX century. Next is a wasteland from house 14 demolished in the 1920s. Ahead is the decapitated church of St. Nicholas Wet.

14. Mokrinsky lane in the opposite direction.

16. We approach the temple of St. Nicholas Wet.

The church stood at the pier in the XIV century. But the stone building was built only at the end of the 17th century (according to some versions - at the beginning, and at the end - rebuilt). And at the beginning of the 19th century, the temple was rebuilt in a pseudo-Gothic style, and we see this decor. Opposite the temple, on the right side of the alley, there are two Empire houses (16 and 18), behind them, house 20 protruding beyond the red line.

The one-story house on the left (No. 11) is the house of the church clergy. And, as it turned out, it was also built in the 17th century! Further on the left side is house 13, built at the end of the 18th century. Possibly rebuilt from an earlier building.

18. We approach the intersection with Pskov lane.

A three-story house on the other side of Pskov, No. 15 - a drinking establishment "Korchma", built in the 17th century, acquired during early classicism existing view. The prospect of the lane is closed by the Church of the Conception of Anna, which is in the Corner. Now, after the restoration of the 1950s, it looks completely different (as it supposedly looked like in the 16th century). The bell tower of the 18th century was broken during the restoration.

19. We turn back.

20. We reach the crossroads, and once again look towards the Kremlin. On the left - house 20 with a strange protrusion beyond the red line.

21. A segment of Pskov lane leads us to the Prolomny Gate. On the left - house 22 on Mokrinsky lane. This house survived until the 1960s. The house on the right (No. 22) is probably of a very respectable age, especially its part, which is closer to the gate, judging by the windows of the first floor, level with the ground.

22. The breaking gates in the Kitaigorod wall were broken only in the 18th century. We leave through the gate to the embankment. Across the river is the HPP-1 building, and now it is in place.

23. Gate from the embankment.

24. We walk along the embankment towards the Kremlin. On the right is the Nikolomokrinskaya tower. Further, from behind the wall sticks out a house in the possession of 10 Mokrinsky Lane, even further - a four-story revenue building No. 8.

25. Nikolomokrinskaya tower. Behind the Church of St. Nicholas the Wet one can see tenement houses along Ershov Lane. The red-brick house obscures the view of the decapitated cathedral of the Znamensky Monastery.

This is how the place looked at the end of the 19th century. Benches are attached to the wall, and the tower is also by no means in its original form, its top is cut off, and the base, on the contrary, is built up. All this was removed during the restoration of the 1920s. Profitable houses along Ershov Lane have not yet been built, and the Cathedral of the Znamensky Monastery is clearly visible.

26. Embankment.

27. Descents to the river on the way to the Moskvoretsky bridge. To the right, behind the wall, two upper floors of the already mentioned house 8 on Mokrinsky Lane are visible. Ahead is a two-story house on the corner of Moskoretskaya Street. Behind it is a wasteland on the site of the already demolished buildings of Vasilyevsky Spusk.

How I like this old embankment, these slopes to the river. Moskvoretskaya is one of the first embankments of the Moskva River, which were finished in stone. This white-stone masonry, darkened by time, is still at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries. In the late 1930s, the embankments were reconstructed and new granite slopes were built.
28.

And now we pass again to Mokrinsky Lane, go into the first courtyard on the right side - the courtyard of house 2, and climb the Kitaigorod wall!

The battle of the wall (upper "platform") is a rather wide place, along which one could even drive a carriage. Before the restoration of the wall in the 1920s, there was no through passage along it, each property was separated from the neighboring one by fences, sheds and other outbuildings, and all this went out onto the wall. And after the restoration, from the 2nd half of the 1920s, all these sheds with fences were broken down, and it became possible to walk straight along the entire wall. And the boys from nearby houses ran along the wall, played tag, and even made fires, and cooked, for example, scrambled eggs on them :)

29. We are standing at the courtyard of house 4 on Mokrinsky Lane, and looking to the east:

30. Let's look into the courtyard of house 6 (rebuilt chambers and a beer and water store):

32. Consider possession 10 in more detail. From the side of Mokrinsky Lane we see the classic main house with a mezzanine (as mentioned above - also rebuilt chambers). The rest of the buildings with the letter P form a courtyard. And in the lower left corner of the courtyard, a structure of incomprehensible purpose attracts attention.

33. We climb from the wall along the fire escape to the roof of one of the buildings, and look into the courtyard. In the shadow on the lower right, you can see this mysterious building in the form of an octahedron, which, apparently, was a latrine, because not all apartments had toilets. Judging by the pipe, something like a water heater could still be there. In the center of the frame we see house 12 on Mokrinsky Lane. Behind him a little to the right is the headless Nikola Wet. Even further and to the right is a huge dark firewall at 9 Krivoi Lane, which stood until 1968. And from the left edge of the frame you can see house 5 on Mokrinsky Lane, with large windows. Behind him are tenement houses 6 and 8 along Ershov Lane.

34. Let's look from the same point towards Varvarka. In the foreground is the main house of ownership 10, behind it, across Mokrinsky lane - house 3. And in the distance - tenement houses between Ershov and Yelets lanes. To the right, behind them comes out house 7 along Varvaka (“Varvara Compound”).

35. We climb down the wall again, go a little further, to the neighboring property 12, and look back:

36. Let's look into the courtyard of the house 12

37. This is the route we went through!

38. As a bonus - another top view of Zaryadye

Mytny yard

Mytny yard- the place where the toll was collected common use(tracts). The fee itself was called myt (later washed out) and was charged for the transportation of all goods except bread.

Mytnye yards existed in almost all major Russian cities until the middle of the 18th century. Despite the fact that since 1653 the Myt was abolished by the Trade Charter, Mytny yards carried out a customs function. Most of the washing yards also carried a trade load in the 17th century, and therefore they were reclassified as Gostiny (trading) yards.

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See what "Mytny Dvor" is in other dictionaries:

Law Dictionary

State institution in Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod at 17 1st half. 18th century on collection customs duties from the trade in timber, hay, livestock, food (except bread), etc ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

The institution that was in charge in the XVII 1st floor. 18th century the collection of customs duties on trade in Moscow in timber, hay, livestock, food supplies (except bread) and some other goods. Mytny yard also existed in Nizhny Novgorod. Source: ... ... Russian history

State institution in Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod in the 17th - first half of the 18th centuries. on the collection of customs duties on the trade in timber, hay, livestock, food (except bread), etc ... encyclopedic Dictionary

The institution in charge of the 17th 1st floor. 18th century the collection of customs duties on trade in Moscow in timber, hay, livestock, food supplies (except bread), and certain other goods. M. d. also existed in Nizh. Novgorod ... Soviet historical encyclopedia

mytny yard - government agency in Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod in the 17th and first half of the 18th centuries. on the collection of customs duties on trade in timber, hay, livestock, food (except bread), etc ... Big Law Dictionary

MYTNY DVOR- in the XVII - early XVIII century. a state institution in Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod that collected trade customs duties (for example, in 1653-1753 a 5% duty was charged on all goods except bread) ... Russian statehood in terms. IX - beginning of XX century

Big Law Dictionary

mytny yard

state institution in Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod in the 17th - first half of the 18th centuries. on the collection of customs duties on the trade in timber, hay, livestock, food (except bread), etc.

• - a part of the station territory, on which operations are carried out for receiving goods from senders, loading into a wagon, unloading from wagons, issuing to recipients and storing ...

  Technical railway dictionary

• - an institution in charge of the 17th - 1st floor. 18th century the collection of customs duties on trade in Moscow in timber, hay, livestock, food supplies and some other goods. M. d. also existed in Nizh. Novgorod...

  Soviet historical encyclopedia

• - a public institution in Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod at 17 - 1st floor. 18th century on the collection of customs duties on the trade in timber, hay, livestock, food and ...

  Big encyclopedic Dictionary

• Dictionary Efremova

• - mytyny I adj. 1. ratio with noun. myt I, associated with it 2. Peculiar to myt, characteristic of it. II adj. ratio...

  Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova

• - m "...

  Russian orthographic dictionary

• - Profits with losses ride on the same sleigh. The young lady does not live without income. Wed Profits are profits, but after all, they go to bargain with losses on one runner. Dal. New pictures of Russian life. 18, 7...

  Explanatory-phraseological dictionary of Michelson

• - Profit with an overhead yard around the yard live. Profits with losses ride on the same sleigh. The young lady does not live without an overhead. Wed Profits are profits, but after all, they go to bargaining with losses on one runner ...

  Michelson Explanatory Phraseological Dictionary (original orph.)

• - Cm....
• - See GUEST -...

  IN AND. Dal. Proverbs of the Russian people

• - Yard to yard, and a gate to the yard ...

  IN AND. Dal. Proverbs of the Russian people

• - People of Petrozavodsk: I'm building a bench, I'm rolling mytny yard, I'm rolling my torzhok ...

  IN AND. Dal. Proverbs of the Russian people

• - Happiness with misfortune yard by yard live ...

  IN AND. Dal. Proverbs of the Russian people

• - Narodn. A call for patience and hope. DP, 55, 117...

  Big Dictionary Russian sayings

• - ...

  Word forms

• - adj., number of synonyms: 4 excise rent hired duty ...

  Synonym dictionary

"washed yard" in books

Our yard

From the book Almost Seriously... [With illustrations by the author] author Nikulin Yuri Vladimirovich

Our yard When I look at Polenov's painting "The Moscow Courtyard", I immediately remember the courtyards of our lane. Behind the brick two-story outbuilding of one of the houses in our yard was a small - it seemed huge to me - an untidy garden. In the middle of it was a hill,

YARD

author Romanushko Maria Sergeevna

YARD If you go out into the yard, opposite our house you can see the same house exactly as ours. With the same beautiful wooden balconies. Two single-entrance two-story houses look at each other. Each has eight apartments. There are a lot of children around mine in the yard -

OUR YARD

From the book Growing up from childhood author Romanushko Maria Sergeevna

OUR YARD In our yard there were approximately equal numbers of girls and boys. Twenty people, maybe more. A full yard of kids! ... The post-war generation. The oldest are twelve years old. But I don't remember the older guys. Apparently, no one in the war in our yard

Our yard

From the book Against the Current author Morozova Nina Pavlovea

Our Yard Old Elizabeth was truly old. Her almost athletic step, thin thin face and comfortable clothes could mislead anyone, but not us. We are the imperfect punks of the post office. We saw through everyone, and they took us for

Our yard

From the book There is only a moment the author Anofriev Oleg

Our courtyard And again, the memory returns to our small courtyard on Smolenskaya Square, where, like leaves of a tear-off calendar, the years of adolescence, probably the happiest years of human life, remained. lightning rod, and

Our yard

From the book Born in the Ghetto by Sef Ariela

Our yard Each month, flour or sugar is given out in our yard. A long queue forms. Why in our yard, it is not clear. There is a sausage shop in the house on the side of the street, and a grocery store a little further, but our yard is large, there are a lot of people there, and the tail does not protrude on

yard

From the book Slavic Encyclopedia author Artemov Vladislav Vladimirovich

Yard Buildings intended for purely economic purposes, together with a residential building, formed a courtyard enclosed either by a natural green hedge or a fence made of poles or boards.

Everyone in the yard!

From the book From zero to primer author Anikeeva Larisa Shikovna

Everyone in the yard! The ball and the rope are indispensable participants in a variety of outdoor games in the fresh air, in which you need to involve not only your child, but also his peers. Joint games instill in children a willingness to cooperate, a sense of collectivism,

yard

From the book Mass and Power author Canetti Elias

Courtyard The courtyard is considered primarily as a middle point, as a center to which people orient themselves. The urge to move around a central point is of a very ancient nature, even in chimpanzees. Initially, this item itself was mobile. He

4.3.18. The “House of the Brave” and Rybaritsa inside the Jerusalem Wall are the Hobro courtyard, the Armory Yard and the Timofeevskaya (Fish) Tower in the Moscow Kremlin

From the author's book

4.3.18. The “House of the Brave” and Rybaritsa inside the Jerusalem Wall are the Khobro Yard, the Armory Yard and the Timofeevskaya (Fish) Tower in the Moscow Kremlin Following the description of the Bible, we continue to move along the wall inside the Jerusalem Fortress. AFTER THE TOMB OF DAVID, the book of Nehemiah

2.3. COURTYARD OF MARGARITA AND COURTYARD OF FRANCE

From the book The Royal Court and the Political Struggle in France in the 16th-17th Centuries author

Prince's Court and "Terem Court"

From the book Russian land. Between paganism and Christianity. From Prince Igor to his son Svyatoslav author Tsvetkov Sergey Eduardovich

The Prince's Court and the "Terem Court" Igor owned the "prince's court" in Kyiv. But here he, apparently, stopped only during raids into the city. The princely castle (“terem yard”) was located outside Kyiv, “outside the city”. This building was unusual for Eastern

4.18. The “House of the Brave” and the Rybaritsa inside the Jerusalem Wall are the Khobro Yard, the Armory Yard and Timofeevskaya, that is, the Fish Tower in the Moscow Kremlin

From the author's book

4.18. The “House of the Brave” and the Rybaritsa inside the Jerusalem Wall are the Khobro Yard, the Armory Yard and Timofeevskaya, that is, the Fish Tower in the Moscow Kremlin. Following the description of the Bible, we continue to move along the wall, inside the Jerusalem Fortress. After the Tomb of David book

2.3. Court of Marguerite and Court of France

From the book The Royal Court and the Political Struggle in France in the 16th-17th Centuries [edited] author Shishkin Vladimir Vladimirovich

Chapter 4 THE SECOND COURTYARD, OR THE COURTYARD OF THE SOFA

From the book Harem [History, traditions, secrets] author Penzer Norman