It is worth buying a new grand power t12 fm1. The history of the production of machine tools by the Gorky plant, gzfs

Traverses T 12-1 intended for use as a constituent element of supports technological pipelines. The need to create a series is caused by the widespread use of pipelines as the least expensive way to transport various gases, liquids and process slurry. Joint use of traverses and columnsSeries 3.015-1/92 not only simplified the design of pipelines, but also guarantees the interchangeability of components regardless of the place of production. Structurallytraverse T 12-1 It is a reinforced concrete beam with embedded plates located in strictly defined places.

1. Marking options

Traverse T 12-1 is marked at various factories in accordance with internal regulations, but they only indicate additional properties and do not prevent the unambiguous identification of the product.

1. T 12-1;

2. T 12-2.

2. Main scope

Traverse T 12-1 has a maximum length ofSeries 3.015-1/92 , which allows it to be used to create technological pipelines of any complexity. As a rule, it is used for installation on the lower tier, bearing 40% of the total load of the pipeline. Can be used in almost all climatic zones at temperatures from -55°С and seismic hazard level up to 8 points. Without additional protection measures, it withstands long-term operation in ordinary, slightly and medium aggressive environments, which makes it an indispensable element in chemical enterprises.

3. Product marking

For all productsSeries 3.015-1/92 a through alphanumeric marking has been adopted, where the letter indicates the class of the support element (traverse, column, rack, etc.), the first digit is the size number, and the second digit characterizes the bearing capacity. Specifically labelingtraverse T 12-1 Series 3.015-1/92 stands for:

1. T - traverse;

2. 12 - standard size;

3. 1 - type of bearing capacity;

Series 3.015-1/92 – normative document, according to which this traverse is made.

Markings are applied to the side surface of the traverse in accordance withGOST 13015.2-81 , while specifying the series is mandatory.

4. Manufacture and main characteristics

For the manufacture oftraverses T 12-1 steel molds must be used that meet the requirementsGOST 25781-83E . Given the ever-increasing number of structural materials with improved characteristics, it is allowed to manufacture molds from them, provided that the specified quality parameters are maintained. The frame of the traverse fixed in the form and embedded products are poured with heavy concrete with a strength of B15 or B25. Frost resistance and water resistance indicators are selected based on specific operating conditions according to Table 9SNiP 2.03.01-84 .

To the materials from which it is madetraverse T 12-1 are high requirements. Components concrete mix must correspondGOST 7473-85 And GOST 25172-82 . The manufacture of frames and embedded products is carried out accordinglyGOST 10922-90 And 14098-91 . It is permissible to use fittings AI and AIIIGOST5781-82 , rolled steel С245GOST 27772-80 or St3ps5-1 GOST 525-88 . The tempering strength of the product is agreed for each order and is selected according to the recommendationsGOST 13015.0-83 .

The exposure of the reinforcing cage is unacceptable. The minimum thickness of the concrete layer is 20 mm. Manufactured qualitytraverse T 12-1 should matchGOST 13015.1-81 . The maximum allowable size of shrinkage cracks is 0.1 mm.

Traverse T14-2 Designed for mounting on supports types III and IV. It has the following characteristics:

Length = 4200 ;

Width = 150 ;

Height = 300 ;

Weight = 500 ;

Volume of concrete = 0,19 ;

Geometric volume =0,189 .

5. Transport and storage

Storage of manufactured products should be carried out at special sites. Traverses accepted by Quality Control Department are stored separately from those rejected, requiring revision or additional curing of concrete. Storage in stacks is allowed, but not more than 4 tiers. In this case, the total height of the stack should not exceed 2 meters, taking into account the mandatory installed wooden spacers, which are placed strictly one under the other.

Considering the FM1 modification of the Grand Power pistol, you should first remember how the T12 itself began.

Grand Power T12

The Grand Power T12 pistol has been produced in Russia since 2011. The creator of this weapon is the Slovak company Grand Power. The pistol was created as a traumatic version of the 9 mm Grand Power K100 pistol. Having difficulty marketing its weapons in Europe, the company released a traumatic version of the weapon.

Initially, the Grand Power T10 pistol was designed for the 9x22 traumatic cartridge, similar to the Parabellum live cartridge. Almost no changes were made to the design of the pistol, with the exception of the barrel, which was made smooth, and a tooth was added to prevent firing live ammunition.

Shortcomings quickly became apparent. The 9x22 traumatic cartridge turned out to be somewhat shorter than the original ammunition, which led to frequent sticking of the cartridge when reloading the pistol. The second drawback of the weapon was the weakness of the powder sample. Automation could not cope with reloading. The cartridge did not have enough strength to distort the shutter.

To eliminate this drawback, the manufacturer began to put a weakened return spring on the gun. But this did not solve the problem of sticking the cartridge, and in 2010 a new model of the Grand Power T11 pistol and a new traumatic cartridge for it 10x28 were developed.

Since traumatic pistols were intended only for Russia, it was decided to produce cartridges for them in our country. This production was deployed at the AKBS plant. Fortuna is their subsidiary.

Despite their shortcomings, the T10 and T11 pistols have successfully entered the market for traumatic weapons. It should be noted that during this period, only gas pistols suitable for firing a rubber bullet were presented on it, the most formidable of which was Makarych's injury with a muzzle energy of 25 joules.

The manufacturing company continued to work on the pistol, trying to increase its accuracy. It should be noted that for an injury of that time, the ability to hit a silhouette target from three meters was considered sniper accuracy. The result was the T12 model, which lacked a pin in the barrel. The muzzle energy of this pistol reached 230 joules, which is only one and a half times less than that of a regular Makarov pistol.

Production in Russia

However, in 2011, Russia's laws on civilian weapons changed. Imported traumatic pistols were banned. The production of weapons had to be deployed at the domestic factories named after Degtyarev and AKBS.

Domestic pistols immediately had two fatal defects. In addition to the ban on the import of foreign weapons, the law additionally limited the maximum muzzle energy to 91 joules. I had to establish the production of cartridges with a reduced weight of gunpowder. The quality of ammunition from this immediately fell. The spread of muzzle energy could be from 90 to 60 joules for cartridges of one batch. In order to prevent pistols from firing with old powerful cartridges or reloading cartridges with a large amount of gunpowder, two grooves began to be made on the barrel.

There are still offers on the market for the sale of pre-reform 10x28 cartridges and their purchase is quite active. A pack of cartridges of 25 pcs. with a muzzle energy of 200 J. costs from 26 to 30 thousand rubles. The weight of gunpowder in these cartridges is 0.2 grams, and the weight of the bullet is approximately 1.7 grams. Cartridges with a muzzle energy of 240-250 J. cost 35-37 thousand rubles. The weight of gunpowder in them is 0.22 grams, and the weight of the bullet is 1.7-1.8 grams. Cartridges are redeemed from private owners.

The calculations were carried out poorly, and even with a weak cartridge, the barrel was often torn apart. Additionally, the old problem with the operation of automatic reloading has returned. I had to loosen the return spring again.

Grand Power T12-FM1

Finally, at the beginning of 2017, the company released the Grand Power T12-FM1 pistol, which does not have all these shortcomings. Grooves were removed from the barrel, two return springs are normally attached to the weapon. Together they give three possible mounting combinations depending on the cartridge type:

• thin;
• thick;
• both together.

Cartridges for Grand Power

There is a line of cartridges 10x28 with bullets of different weights:

• 1.32;
• 2.04.

The cartridges that Fortuna is currently producing have a standard powder weight of 0.12 grams. In March 2017, the manufacturer conducted ballistic tests of the impact action of bullets of different masses at a distance of 6 m and presented its review to the public.

The weight of gunpowder in the cartridges was the same, the Grand Power 12T fm1 was used for testing. As a result, it was found that a bullet weighing 2.04 grams had a penetration depth of 7 mm and a cavity volume of 28 mm. In turn, a bullet weighing 1.2 grams had a penetration depth of 5 mm and a cavity volume of 25 mm. Shooting was carried out in a ballistic gel with cartridges with the same power of 81 joules.

This is consistent with aerodynamic calculations and allows us to conclude that cartridges with heavy bullets are much better for self-defense than light bullets. The fact is that the diameter of a heavy bullet is 12 mm, and a light one is 11.5.

Note that the bullets are superior to the caliber of the weapon, this is due to the fact that rubber ammunition is always used over-caliber.

The average price for one modern cartridge is 40 rubles. Perhaps, after the conclusions from ballistic tests, the new T 15 caliber 45x30 was developed. The weight of the pistol is 850 grams. The weight of the rubber bullet is 4 grams.

Pins are installed at the entrance and exit to the Grand Power 12T fm1 chamber, which prevent a solid bullet from firing. The closest pin to the cut of the barrel is at the bottom, and the farthest at the top. The long, smooth 100mm barrel gives you the accuracy you need. The feeder track has been improved to prevent under-delivery of the cartridge into the chamber, skew of the cartridge or slide delay. The barrel is blued inside and out.

Pistol Features:

• caliber 10 mm;
• cartridge 10x28;
• barrel length 100 mm;
• weight without cartridges 770 grams;
• length 187.5 mm;
• width 36 mm;
• height 133.5 mm;
• magazine capacity 10 rounds.

The weapon is adapted for shooting from two hands. The fuse box, magazine ejection button and slide release lever are duplicated on both sides.

Different versions of the Grand Power 12T can be easily distinguished by the design of the barrel:

• Slovak had one upper pin;
• AKBS had small valleys and a narrowed trunk;
• ZiD had large valleys and a narrowed trunk;
• Fortune has two pins on top and bottom.

The cost of the new pistol Grand Power T12-FM1 is about 50-60 thousand rubles. The price of a used weapon is approximately 30 thousand rubles, for such money it is quite possible to buy a popular traumatic pistol.

Information about the manufacturer of the console milling machine 6T12-1

Manufacturer of a series of universal milling machines 6T12-1, 6T13-1 - Gorky Plant of Milling Machines founded in 1931.

The plant specializes in the production of a wide range of universal milling machines, as well as milling machines with DRO and CNC, and is one of the most famous machine tool enterprises in Russia.

Since 1932, the Gorky Plant of Milling Machines has been producing machine tools and is an expert in the development and production of various metal-cutting equipment.

The history of the production of machine tools by the Gorky Plant, GZFS

IN 1972 6R 6Р12 , 6R12B , 6Р13 , 6R13B , 6R13F3 , 6Р82 , 6R82G , 6R82Sh , 6Р83 , 6R83G , 6R83Sh.

IN 1975 In 2008, copy console-milling machines were put into production: 6R13K.

IN 1978 year, copy console milling machines were put into production 6R12K-1, 6R82K-1.

IN 1985 the year the series was put into production 6T-1 console milling machines: 6T12-1 , 6T13-1, 6T82-1 , 6T83-1 And GF2171.

IN 1991 the year the series was put into production 6T console milling machines: 6T12 , 6T12F20 , 6T13 , 6T13F20 , 6T13F3 , 6T82 , 6T82G , 6T82sh , 6T83 , 6T83G , 6T83Sh.

6T12-1 vertical console milling machine. Purpose and scope

Since 1985, the Gorky Plant of Milling Machines (GZFS) began to produce console milling machines of the 6t12-1 series. Machines of the 6t12-1 series are a further improvement of similar machines of the P series (6P12, 6P13).

The main differences between milling machines 6T12-1 and 6T12

• Departure (distance from the spindle axis to the frame guides): 6t12-1 - 350 mm, 6t12 - 380 mm
• Transverse movement of the table: 6t12-1 - 270 mm, 6t12 - 320 mm
• Distance from the edge of the table to the frame: 6t12-1 - 70..340 mm, 6t12 - 70..390 mm
• Feed motor: 6t12-1 - 2.2 kW, 6t12 - 3.0 kW
• Machine weight: 6t12-1 - 3400 kg, 6t12 - 3250 kg

The working space of the machine model 6t12 is 50 mm larger along the X, Y axes than the machine 6t12-1.

The main differences between milling machines 6T13-1 and 6T13

• Departure (distance from the spindle axis to the frame guides): 6Т13-1 - 420 mm, 6T13 - 460 mm
• Transverse movement of the table: 6T13-1 - 340 mm, 6T13 - 400 mm
• Distance from the edge of the table to the frame: 6T13-1 - 60..400 mm, 6Т13 - 60..460 mm

The working space of the machine model 6t13 is 60 mm larger along the X, Y axes than the machine 6t13-1.

The vertical console milling machine 6T12-1 is designed for milling all kinds of parts from various materials. It is applied in the conditions of single and batch production.

The 6T12-1 machine differs from the 6T13-1 machine in the installed power of the main movement and feed engines, the dimensions of the working surface of the table and the amount of table movement.

On the 6T12-1 machine, you can process vertical and horizontal planes, grooves, corners, frames, gears, etc.

On a vertical console milling machine 6T12-1, it is possible to work in three modes:

1. Auto- In automatic mode, the machine operates in various automatic cycles.
2. Jogging- In the jog mode, the adjusting movements of the table are made. It is possible to work on the markup.
3. Manual- In the manual universal mode, the machine works using working feeds, rapid movements, as well as manual movements from the handwheels and the handle.

Design features of the milling machine 6T12-1

Available device for limiting the gap in a screw pair longitudinal movement of the table, individual lubrication of the vertical movement screw, increasing its durability and reducing the console lifting force.

Additional devices for protection against flying chips and emulsion.

The rigidity of the machine has been increased due to the rectangular guides of the bed and the console.

Available automatic spindle braking in operating mode and during emergency shutdown.

Automated lubrication of units increases their durability and reduces maintenance time.

Swivel spindle head The machine tool is equipped with a mechanism for manual axial movement of the spindle sleeve, which allows processing holes, the axis of which is located at an angle of up to ±45° to the working surface of the table.

Drive power and high rigidity machines allow the use of milling cutters made of high-speed steel, as well as tools equipped with plates made of hard and superhard synthetic materials.

Mechanized tool fastening. The cross feed screw is located along the axis of the cutter, which increases the accuracy of processing. Technological possibilities machine can be expanded with the use of a dividing head, a rotary round table and other devices.

Opportunity machine settings for various semi-automatic and automatic cycles allows you to organize multi-machine maintenance and use the machine to perform various works in flow production.

The machine can be delivered in countries with temperate, cold and tropical climates.

Machine accuracy class - H according to GOST 8-82E

The main design advantages of the machines:

• mechanized fastening of the tool in the spindle;
• mechanism of proportional deceleration of feed;
• a device for periodic regulation of the gap in the screw pair of longitudinal feed;
• safety clutch to protect the feed drive from overloads;
• braking of the horizontal spindle when stopped by an electromagnetic clutch;
• chip protection device.

The main technological advantages of the machines:

• various automatic cycles of the machine;
• wide range of spindle speeds and table feeds;
• big power drives;
• high rigidity;
• reliability and durability.
• The technological capabilities of machine tools can be expanded by using a dividing head, a round rotary table and other devices.

The machines are produced in various versions in terms of voltage, frequency of the supply network. Spare parts are supplied.

Russian and foreign analogues of the machine 6T12-1 (6T13-1)

FSS350MR, FSS450MR- 315 x 1250, 400 x 1250 - manufacturer Gomel Machine Tool Plant

VM127M- (400 x 1600) - manufacturer Votkinsky machine building plant GPO, FSUE

6D12, 6K12- 320 x 1250 - manufacturer Dmitrovsky plant of milling machines DZFS

X5032, X5040- 320 x 1320 - manufacturer Shandong Weida Heavy Industries, China

FV321M, (FV401)- 320 x 1350 (400 x 1600) - manufacturer Arsenal J.S.Co. - Kazanlak, Arsenal AD, Bulgaria

Dimensions of the working space of the console milling machine 6T12-1

Workspace drawing milling machine 6t12-1

Landing and connecting bases of the console milling machine 6t12-1

General view of the vertical console milling machine 6T12-1

Photo of the console milling machine 6t12-1

Location constituent parts milling machine 6t12-1

List of components of the console milling machine 6t12-1

1. bed
2. remote control side
3. feed switching mechanism
4. spindle speed box
5. swivel head
6. electromechanical tool clamping devices
7. control cabinet
8. table and sled
9. feed deceleration mechanism
10. remote control main
11. console
12. gearbox

The location of the controls for the console milling machine 6T12-1

The location of the controls of the milling machine 6T12-1

Control panels for milling machine 6T12-1

Control panels for milling machine 6T12-1: main -II, side -I

The list of controls for the console milling machine 6T12-1

1. Spindle speed indicator
2. Button "Move table back, forward, down"
3. Table travel direction selection switch
4. Switch "Clamp-Squeeze tool"
5. Button "Move table forward, left, up"
6. Spindle Jog button (duplicate)
7. "Stop moving table" button
8. Spindle start button
9. Spindle stop button (duplicate)
10. "Stop" emergency button
11. Button "Quick table movement" (duplicate)
12. Spindle gear knob
13. hexagon turning head
14. Spindle sleeve clamp handle
15. Key "Move table to the left"
16. Key "Move the table to the right"
17. Key "Stop longitudinal movement of the table"
18. Spindle stop button
19. Spindle start button
20. Table clamps
21. The switch of inclusion of a mode of work of a table "Manual - Mechanical"
22. Flywheel for manual longitudinal movement of the table
23. vernier ring
24. The limb of the mechanism of transverse movements of the table
25. Manual lateral movement of the table
26. Manual vertical movement of the table
27. feed switch fungus
28. "Stop" emergency button
29. Machine mode selection switch
30. Slow feed switch
31. Button "Quick movement of the table and start of the cycle"
32. Key "Stop vertical movement of the table"
33. Key "Move table down"
34. Slider clamps
35. Key "Move table up"
36. Flywheel for manual longitudinal movement of the table (duplicate)
37. Key "Stop lateral movement of the table"
38. Key "Move table forward"
39. Key "Move table back"
40. Spindle sleeve extension handwheel
41. Clamping the head on the bed
42. Introductory switch
43. Spindle direction switch "Left - Right"
44. Coolant Pump On/Off Switch
45. Control panel selection switch
46. Automatic cycle selection switch
47. Console clamp
48. Removable handle for manual vertical and transverse movement of the table
49. Zero head pin

Kinematic diagram of the console milling machine 6T12-1

The kinematic diagram is given to understand the connections and interaction of the main elements of the machine. The numbers of teeth (g) of the gears are indicated on the callouts (the number of worm visits is indicated by an asterisk).

The drive of the main movement is carried out from the flange electric motor through an elastic coupling.

The spindle speed is changed by moving three toothed blocks along the splined shafts.

The gearbox informs the spindle of 18 different speeds.

The drive of giving is carried out from the flange electric motor mounted in the console. By means of two three-crown blocks and a movable gear wheel with a cam clutch, the feed box provides 18 different feeds, which are transmitted through a ball safety clutch to the console and then, when the corresponding cam clutch is turned on, to the screws of longitudinal, transverse and vertical movements.

Accelerated movements are obtained when the high-speed clutch is turned on, the rotation of which is carried out through intermediate gears directly from the feed electric motor.

The clutch is interlocked with the working feed clutch, which eliminates the possibility of their simultaneous activation.

Graphs explaining the structure of the machine feed mechanism are shown in fig. 6 and 7.

bed is the base unit on which the remaining units and mechanisms of the machine are mounted.

The bed is rigidly fixed on the base and fixed with pins.

Rotary head of the console milling machine 6T12-1

Swivel head(Fig. 8) is centered in the annular undercut of the neck of the frame and is attached to it with four bolts included in the 1-different groove of the frame flange.

The spindle is a two-bearing shaft mounted in a retractable sleeve. The regulation of the axial play in the spindle is carried out by grinding the rings 3 and 4. The increased play in the front bearing is eliminated by grinding the half rings 5 ​​and tightening the nut.

The adjustment is carried out in the following order:

• the spindle sleeve is extended;
• flange 6 is dismantled;
• half rings are removed;
• a screw plug is unscrewed on the right side of the head body;
• through the hole, by unscrewing the screw 2, the nut 1 is unlocked;
• nut 1 is locked with a steel rod. By turning the spindle for a cracker, the nut is tightened and this moves the inner race of the bearing. After checking the play in the bearing, the spindle is run in at the maximum speed. When working for an hour, the heating of the bearings should not exceed 60 ° C;
• the size of the gap between the bearing and the shoulder of the spindle is measured, after which the semi-rings 5 ​​are polished to the required value;
• half rings are put in place and fixed;
• flange is screwed 6.

To eliminate a radial play of 0.01 mm, the half rings must be ground by approximately 0.12 mm.

The rotation of the spindle is transmitted from the gearbox through a pair of conical and a pair of cylindrical gear wheels mounted in the head.

The bearings and gears of the rotary head are lubricated from the frame pump, and the spindle bearings and the sleeve movement mechanism are lubricated by injection.

Gearbox mounted directly on the frame. The connection of the box with the motor shaft is carried out by an elastic coupling, which allows misalignment in the motor installation up to 0.5-0.7 mm.

Inspection of the gearbox can be done through the window on the right side.

Lubrication of the gearbox is carried out from a plunger pump (Fig. 9), driven by an eccentric. The pump output is about 2 l/min. Oil is supplied to the pump through a filter. From the pump, the oil enters the oil distributor, from which it is discharged through a copper tube to the peephole for monitoring the operation of the pump and through a flexible hose to the rotary head. The elements of the gearbox are lubricated by spraying oil coming from the holes of the oil distributor tube located above the gearbox.

Gear box allows you to select the desired speed without successive passage of intermediate stages.

Rail 19 (Fig. 10), moved by the switching handle 18, through the sector 15 through the fork 22 (Fig. 11) moves the main roller 29 with the switching disk 21 in the axial direction.

The shift disc can be turned with the speed indicator 23 through bevel gears 28 and 30. The disc has several rows certain size holes located against the pins of rails 31 and 33.

The rails are engaged in pairs with the gear wheel 32. A shift fork is attached to one of each pair of rails. When the disk is moved by pressing on the pin of one of the pair, the reciprocating movement of the rails is provided.

In this case, the forks at the end of the disk stroke take a position corresponding to the engagement of certain pairs of gears. To exclude the possibility of a hard stop of the gears when switching, the pins of the 20 racks are spring-loaded.

The fixation of the dial when choosing the speed is provided by the ball 27, which jumps into the groove of the sprocket 24.

The adjustment of the spring 25 is made by the plug 26, taking into account the precise fixation of the limb and the normal force when it is turned.

The handle 18 (see Fig. 10) in the on position is held by the spring 17 and the ball 16. In this case, the spike of the handle enters the groove of the flange.

Correspondence of the speeds to the values ​​indicated on the pointer is achieved by a certain position of the bevel gears along the engagement. The correct engagement is established by the cores at the ends of the mating tooth and cavity or by setting the pointer to the speed position of 31.5 rpm and the disk with forks to the speed position of 31.5 rpm (for machine tools of models 6T12B, the corresponding speed is 50 rpm) . The gap in the gearing of the conical pair should not be more than 0.2 mm, since the disc can turn up to 1 mm due to this.

Gearbox lubrication is carried out from the gearbox lubrication system by spraying oil.

Electric circuit of the milling machine 6T12-1

Wiring diagram milling machine 6T12-1

6T12-1 vertical console milling machine. Video.

Technical characteristics of the console milling machine 6T12-1

Traumatic pistol Grand Power-12-FM1 10x28

Grand Power-12-FM1 10x28- a new version of the already proven pistol Grand Power T12, which is distinguished by a solid barrel without additional recesses, which has a positive effect on the power of the pistol. Otherwise, it is still the same high-quality, reliable, long-life traumatic pistol for self-defense.
Shooting from a pistol is carried out with traumatic cartridges of 10x28 caliber. Double row magazine holds 10 rounds.
With overall dimensions of 187.5x133.5x36 mm, the weight of the traumatic gun is only 770 grams.
The operation of automation is based on the principle of free shutter recoil.
Thanks to bilateral controls, Grand Power pistol Suitable for both right-handed and left-handed people.
For installation additional accessories The pistol is equipped with a Picatinny rail.
All parts of the gun are made of high quality materials with the highest precision.

How to buy a traumatic gun Grand Power 12 FM1 10x28 in our online store?

We warn you! Licensed goods are not available for purchase through the online store. Buy gun Grand Power 12 FM1, as well as other licensed goods, you can in our store site only through self-delivery. Qualified staff will give a full consultation on the product, care for it and answer all your questions.
Please note that in order to purchase firearms and ammunition, you must provide a license! You can familiarize yourself with the rules and procedure for obtaining in the section