Family farms: project, construction, registration, business plan. Ideas for a Beginning Farmer

Investments in agriculture are increasing every year. The niche of agricultural production is practically free, so those who want to farm are actively buying up land and empty farms. The cost of land is low, and the return, albeit not instantaneous, will be necessary.

Every year the development of farms becomes more and more relevant. Many entrepreneurs, trying to fill an empty niche, invest in agricultural production. In villages and villages, they are actively buying up land and empty abandoned farms in order to organize their own business. The cost of land, depending on the position and condition, can be from 70,000 rubles per hectare.

Farming can be conducted in different directions: animal husbandry, crop production, beekeeping, etc. If a farmer decides to choose a livestock sector, then, depending on the type of animals he will breed, it will be possible to sell not only meat, but also wool and skins.

The farmer can supply such products to dairies, or sell them independently through retail outlets. In the latter case, the products will need to be packaged, for which it will be necessary to purchase special equipment.

Pig breeding is one of the traditionally profitable areas of animal husbandry, so creating a pig farm is a good idea for your own business. The share of pork consumption is about 30% of the volume of meat products, yielding in popularity only to poultry meat, which is a cheaper product, its share is 37%.

Pigs have a high growth energy, and better than other domestic animals, use the nutrients contained in the feed. Pigs grow 10-12 times faster than cattle. With good feed quality, six-month-old animals reach a weight of 100 kg and can be used for meat.

In addition, pigs are quite prolific. Pork production is the next industry behind poultry farming in terms of payback due to a longer growing cycle.

Pork production is conditionally divided into three sectors:

• industrial-type complexes - fattening herds with a population of 12,000 heads or more;
• average production in large farms and agricultural enterprises - a herd from 100 to 12,000 heads;
• personal subsidiary and small farms - a herd of less than 100 heads.

To organize an efficiently operating farm that brings a decent profit, you need to start with.

Production plan. Sales of products

The farm's products are pigs in live weight. The sale of pigs for meat is usually not difficult, especially in light of recent government programs to support domestic producers. The sale of young animals for breeding can be organized through the market to small private farms.

room

Since there are many empty farms in the countryside, it is not worth building a new pigsty - this will require a lot of money. The best option would be to rent or buy an already finished premises. The next step is the repair and disinfection of the premises, as well as equipping it with various communications.

Among the necessary will be a heating system, the most economical option - devices for direct combustion of fuel (liquid fuel or gas). The ventilation system must also be provided as a necessary element to create a normal microclimate inside the farm. A manure removal system can be supplied if funds permit.

It also serves to improve the microclimate, reduces labor costs. In addition, good animal conditions are the basis for successful fattening. The pig farm must be warm, peace and quiet must be ensured, daily ventilation is also necessary.

Farm equipment

You will need to purchase special equipment for feeding pigs. There are two types of feeding - dry and liquid. About 80% of pig farms use dry feeding. This type of equipment is less expensive and easier to maintain than liquid feeding equipment.

A room equipped for dry feeding will have a higher sanitary and hygienic condition. Feed enters the premises from the bunker through feed lines with a spiral, depending on the configuration of the building, a chain-washer conveyor can be used. Animals are fed through a feed distribution system with dispensers for group feeding, or through conventional feeders for individual feeding.

It will be necessary to purchase drinking bowls and machine tools for keeping animals, various zootechnical products. For a pig farm, it is advisable to buy feed loaders - special machines for transporting and loading bulk feed.

Farm staff

The more machines and mechanisms you will use on your farm, the less staff you will need. We will need workers, a veterinarian, a livestock specialist, an accountant and a manager. The functions of a veterinarian and livestock specialist can be combined by one person with the appropriate education.

Purchase of pigs

According to the recommendations of experts, for a start it is desirable to purchase 300-350 heads. To avoid inbreeding and weakened offspring, it is better to purchase female and male individuals from different suppliers. Of the indicated number of heads, there should be about 150 sows, 10 boars, the rest of the animals - for fattening and sale.

Purchasing feed

A herd of 300-350 heads per year needs up to 35 tons of grain and up to 300 kilograms of special feed additives. It should be borne in mind that the weight gain of animals, and, most importantly, their health, will depend on the quality of the feed. An improper diet will lead to a decrease in weight gain, the fattening period will have to be increased, which will lead to additional feed consumption and, consequently, to an increase in the cost of production.

Special feeding formulas have been developed and widely used, for example for young piglets or for pregnant sows. The choice of a feed supplier should be taken quite carefully. You can buy feed at factories, or from pig breeders with extensive experience.

Financial part of the business plan

The cost of equipment will be approximately 2 million rubles, its specific value will be determined by the level of farm mechanization chosen by you. It will also depend on how many staff you need. To care for a herd of 300-350 heads, at least 7 people will be required. The salary of a veterinarian will be 20-25 thousand rubles, pigs - from 10 thousand rubles.

The cost of feed is approximately: bran - 60 rubles. for 20 kg, feed for young animals - 130 rubles. for 15 kg, for meat fattening of pigs - 205 rubles. for 30 kg, mixtures for bacon fattening - 230 rubles. for 35 kg, etc. Feed must be purchased for at least two months, the cost of feed is approximately 70% of the total cost of the project.

If the premises are rented, the costs will amount to 4-5 million rubles. In order to return the invested funds and make a profit, it will be necessary to sell meat products from two or three generations of pigs. Profitability on average is expected to be 25%, payback - from 3 to 4 years.

• Land plot
• Buying animals
• Production and sales
• Financial expenses
  • Paying employees
  • Purchasing feed
  • Veterinary service
  • Plot rental
  • Repair work
• Technology for the production of dairy products on a mini-farm
  • • • Similar business ideas:

The organization of a mini-dairy farm for most start-up entrepreneurs is seen as much more preferable than the launch of a classic project in this industry. There are reasons for this. Firstly, a mini-farm requires much smaller production areas. Secondly, the entrance ticket to the business has been significantly reduced. Thirdly, a mini-farm requires much lower maintenance costs and in most cases all work is carried out by one family, which owns the farm. In addition, a small farm allows you to test a new technology and a new product without much risk and reach a new level of business without serious financial losses ...

Land plot

Business begins with the search for land. Even for a small farm, a land plot of 1000m2 is required. On such territory there will be a hangar for keeping cattle, a summer corral for livestock, a warehouse for storing feed and a room for placing equipment and households. inventory. It is desirable that the site is located as close as possible to the natural forage base (meadows, pastures). Otherwise, forage harvesting will be very expensive. For the purchase or lease of land, you must contact the district administration.

How much money do you need to start a business like opening a dairy farm

The amount of investment to open a dairy farm depends on many factors. The first and main one is the scale of production or, in other words, the volume of production. It is logical to assume that the cost of building a dairy farm for 100 heads of cattle will be higher than building a farm for 50 heads. In Russia, there are companies offering turnkey construction of mini dairy farms. A typical farm project for 50 heads will cost the entrepreneur 5-6 million rubles. The price includes delivery and installation of a hangar for keeping animals with an area of ​​about 1000m2. Building a building according to your own project can somewhat reduce investments, but you can’t count on an amount of less than 2 million rubles.

The farmer's costs do not end there. Next, you need to bring communications to the structure (hangar). It is no secret that this is not an easy procedure for a Russian entrepreneur. You will need to connect electricity, water and gas. These procedures, depending on the promptness of the entrepreneur and the pliability of the network companies, can take up to 6 months. The cost of this stage will cost a businessman 100 - 200 thousand rubles.

What equipment to choose for a dairy farm

The premises have been built, communications have been connected - then it is necessary to equip the dairy complex and purchase equipment. It will be necessary to equip stall places, install drinkers, floor coverings, fences and partitions, brushes, ventilation curtains, milk coolers, install a maternity ward, and so on. It is possible that funds will be required to insulate the hangar. This is the least expensive part of the project. In order to fully equip the hangar for keeping 50 dairy cows, it is necessary to invest at least 1.5 - 2.5 million rubles.

The next item is the purchase of special equipment and households. inventory. In any normal economy, it is necessary to have at least one tractor - it is commonplace to bring feed (hay, haylage, compound feed), remove garbage, organic waste, if necessary, mow the grass, and so on. MTZ-80 copes with such tasks perfectly with attachments in the form of mowers, ploughs, harrows, cultivators and seeders. It is not necessary to buy new equipment, it can be supported, the main thing is that it is “on the go” and does not repair more than it went. Another 500-900 thousand rubles will need to be allocated for this cost item.

Buying animals

And finally, the last and most "living" part of the costs is the purchase of farm animals. And here the costs can vary dramatically. What kind of animals will you take: dairy cows or heifers. A cash cow (calving 2-3) will cost at least 60 thousand rubles, a heifer from 3 months old will cost 10-15 thousand rubles, but it still needs to be grown. Thus, in order to purchase 50 dairy cows ready to immediately bring milk, it will be necessary to invest at least 3 million rubles. Buying young animals in the same quantity will help save money by 5-6 times, but the receipt of finished products will have to be postponed for at least 10-12 months.

Thus, the total investment in a dairy farm for 50 head of cattle will be from 6 to 12 million rubles.

Which taxation system to choose for registering a dairy farm

The next step is business registration. A small dairy farm can be registered as a peasant farm. This legal form is ideal for a family business. One person from the family is registered as the head of the household, and the rest - as members of the household. The registration process itself costs "penny" (no more than 1000 rubles) and takes 5 working days from the date of submission of documents to the tax office.

As a system of taxation, it is advisable to use the single agricultural tax (USHT). For farming, this is the most profitable option. The farmer has to pay only 6% of the farm's profit.

Production and sales

Even before opening a dairy farm, it is necessary to determine potential marketing channels for products. This is such a well-known business postulate that neglecting it can destroy any project even at its start. Small wholesale dealers and shops are certainly good, but you should not count on constant demand from them. In addition, many small clients will want to work under the implementation or with a deferred payment, which also causes a lot of problems. The real customer are processors who buy milk in large quantities and without any delay. Having acquired one or two such clients, you can greatly simplify your life and think about high prospects.

It is possible to increase the income of a dairy farm by installing an additional milk processing workshop. For example, dairy shop KOLAKS-501, with which you can produce cottage cheese, sour cream, cheese, kefir and whey. The advantage of processing is that the price of the final product increases several times, and due to the use of its own raw materials, that is, milk, the cost of finished products is significantly reduced.

Of course, you can not bother and deal only with milk. Moreover, processing requires additional investments, which a novice farmer cannot always afford.

How much can you earn on a dairy farm

Dairy farm income will depend primarily on the productivity of the dairy herd and on the selling price of milk. The average milk yield per cow is 5,000 liters per year. Yes, there are more successful farms that manage to increase this figure to 10,000 liters, but it is better to focus on average values. It turns out that 50 cows will bring about 250,000 liters of milk to the farm. The average wholesale price of 1 liter of milk in the regions is 15 rubles (2014). From here, the revenue of the dairy farm will be: 250,000 x 15 = 3,750,000 rubles.

Financial expenses

Paying employees

With income, everything is clear, they are calculated simply. Another thing is the planning of business expenses. The first, and, perhaps, the main item of constant expenses of a dairy farm is the payment of wages to employees. The wages of four workers (this number is enough to serve 50 dairy cows) will be from 60 thousand rubles per month, respectively, per year - 720 thousand rubles. The official employment of workers will require the payment of insurance contributions to the Pension Fund and the Social Insurance Fund. Each employee must be paid monthly 30% of their salary (in 2014). Thus, another 216 thousand rubles of insurance will have to be paid for the year.

Purchasing feed

Another significant cost item is the purchase of feed. According to statistical observations, one cow eats feed for 15 thousand rubles a year. This is not accurate data, since it all depends on where and how much food is bought. Rather, it is a kind of average indicator that you can rest on when planning a business. Thus, the cost of feed for 50 animals will amount to 750 thousand rubles a year.

Veterinary service

In addition to the cost of feed, the mandatory expenses of a dairy farm should include the cost of veterinary care, since without this it will not be possible to sell products. Annual veterinary care will cost about 1000 - 2000 rubles per head, 50 - 100 thousand rubles will be required for 50 heads.

Plot rental

In addition, the cost of renting a site should be taken into account. Everything here is very individual, and largely depends on the rental rates of local authorities. Renting 1-2 hectares of land can cost from 50 thousand rubles a year. Next - utility bills for electricity and water. The maintenance of 50 heads of cattle can take from 80-100 thousand rubles a year.

Repair work

Other expenses include the cost of fuel and lubricants, minor repairs of the premises, equipment and machinery, as well as force majeure. It would not be wrong to allocate about 150 thousand rubles a year to this article.

Hence, the total annual expenses of the farm for the maintenance of 50 cows will be about 2,036,000 rubles.

Profit before tax will be equal to 1,714,000 rubles. Excluding taxes (Unified Agricultural Tax, 6%), the net profit of the dairy farm will be 1,611,160 rubles. With such calculations, the return on investment will come in 4-5 years, which is a good indicator for such a business.

State support for farming - how to get money

In recent years, the state has been paying more and more attention to the development of farming in the countryside. In some regions, subsidies are provided annually to beginner farmers. Subsidies are gratuitous financial assistance, do not confuse subsidies with loans. For example, in the Ulyanovsk region, within the framework of the Beginner Farmer program, an entrepreneur can receive a gratuitous subsidy of up to 1.8 million rubles for the development of his own farm. Financial support is provided on a competitive basis and in priority - just farms for growing and breeding cattle. Any novice farmer, from the moment of state registration of which no more than 3 years have passed, can take part in the competition. This amount is enough to purchase 25-30 adult cows at the start and start a full-fledged farming business.

Step by step plan to open a mini dairy farm. Where to begin

In order to open a mini-dairy farm, you need desire, money, land and livestock. The main difference between a mini-farm and a regular one is the size, which means that the cost of maintaining it will be less. As a rule, all the necessary work is performed by no more than 5 workers. First you need to register an individual entrepreneur and collect all the necessary documents. After that, it is advisable to start building a barn. It is desirable that it contain several compartments for various purposes, as well as be equipped with the necessary communications. Next, we buy equipment, feed and, finally, livestock. The number of livestock in such farms usually does not exceed 30 cows.

What OKVED to indicate when registering a mini-dairy farm

To register a dairy farm, you must select the OKVED code 01.21 - allowing you to breed cattle. And also 15.51 - implying milk processing and cheese production, 51.33.1 and 52.27.11 - trade in dairy products (wholesale and retail).

What documents are needed to open a mini-dairy farm

To open a mini-dairy farm, the following documents are required:

1. Land lease agreement.
2. Permission from fire inspectors.
3. RPN permission.
4. IP registration application.
5. Quality certificates for goods that, without fail, are subject to veterinary examination.

Do I need permission to open a mini-dairy farm

Permission will be required from the veterinary service, and it will also be necessary to undergo periodic checks to obtain a certificate of the quality of the products produced. If you plan to supply your products to retail outlets, you must obtain a permit indicating its quality.

A mini-farm for cows will help ensure a stable income. Initially, you can buy a small livestock. Gradually, the business will increase, the number of bulls and cows in the herd will increase. The proposed recommendations will help to organize and equip everything correctly.

A mini-farm for cows will help ensure a stable income

If you are planning to organize a farm, you need to carefully consider and calculate everything. An exemplary business plan for a dairy farm for 20 heads includes the main points of the organization of the process and financial issues.

The main points include:

• choosing a place for a future mini-farm;
• rent or purchase of a land plot (if it is not available);
• purchase of inventory;
• purchase of the initial livestock - bulls and cows;
• organization of proper care for each individual;
• maintaining cleanliness;
• cleaning of waste products - manure.

Financial issues include items of expenditure and ways to earn income on the farm. The required investment determines the amount of initial capital required to start a business.

The main expenses are as follows:

• purchase of building materials;
• construction of a mini-farm;
• purchase and delivery of livestock;
• wages for hired personnel;
• fodder preparation;
• payment for veterinary services.

In fact, the productivity of these animals is extremely high.

A mini-farm for 10 cows will pay off very quickly. Such an enterprise can generate income in several directions. It could be:

• sale of milk and dairy products;
• sale of high-quality beef and/or meat by-products;
• sale of skins;
• sale of bulls and heifers, i.e., young animals;
• sale of manure as an organic fertilizer;
• paid provision of breeding individuals for mating (mating) to owners of other farms.

In addition, you can also organize the sale of hay and / or silage. Of course, subject to the availability of appropriate land plots.

Farm from scratch (video)

The right choice of location

In order to build a farm for cows without any problems, you need to choose the right piece of land. It should be a level and well-trodden area. The presence of a small forest belt near the mini-farm will protect the animals from drafts and / or strong winds.

According to the legal norms of the relevant laws of the Russian Federation, natural reservoirs and / or sources of drinking water must be at least 30 m away from places where large livestock are kept, otherwise the owner may be fined a large amount. In this case, the mini-farm will have to be moved to another site.

An equally important point - the absence of residential and / or other buildings near the place where the mini-farm will be equipped, cattle - this is an inevitable unpleasant smell. Do not create discomfort for residents of nearby settlements. On its own plot, a mini-farm for cows is being set up closer to the place where fruit and vegetable crops are planted. This will make it easier to use the manure to fertilize the soil. From a residential building, a modern farm should be located at a distance of 15 meters or more. Additionally, the main wind direction in the region should also be taken into account.

To easily build a farm for cows, you need to choose the right piece of land

Saving money

For a novice farmer to maintain, for example, ten or twenty heads, it is better to rent land. It will be much cheaper than buying. You can pick up a site with ready-made buildings, which, after a small repair, will provide proper living conditions for cattle. A leased plot and/or a cowshed for 50 heads has such a significant advantage as the ability to terminate the contract without any problems. For example, if a more suitable option was found.

The farm project and the initial estimate should be drawn up, focusing on recycled material. Used bricks, wood, etc. can be purchased much cheaper. The main thing is to check the quality of the goods - the degree of wear, safety, etc.

Sawdust is used for bedding in the barn. You can cook them yourself. To do this, you can buy old wood - frames, boards, lumber that are not usable.

Preparing for construction

To ensure proper housing and / or care of cows, a farm plan will help, which must be prepared in advance. You can make it yourself or find a suitable mini-farm project from friends and acquaintances.

The work site must be marked. At the same time, a place is necessarily prepared for storing building materials and tools.

Independent construction of a farm for cattle requires significant labor and time. You can speed up the process by inviting assistants. Hiring a construction team will be very expensive.

Tools and materials

Before building a farm, you need to stock up on the necessary tools and materials. For work you will need:

• dry concrete mix or cement and sand;
• brick, wood or blocks;
• slate;
• ruberoid;
• insulation;
• fasteners;
• bars and/or beams.

The tool kit must include:

• shovels - shovel and bayonet;
• roulette construction;
• plumb and level;
• technical knife;
• puncher or electric drill;
• construction mixer or concrete mixer;
• solution containers;
• saw and / or hacksaw;
• mason's tool;
• wire cutters and/or pliers;
• hammers and sledgehammers;
• overalls;
• rag.

To store a supply of materials and working tools, you can equip a small barrack or a fenced area with a canopy.

Mini farm (video)

Barn dimensions

The health of cattle directly depends on the conditions of the herd. To make the animals feel comfortable, it is necessary to plan the following dimensions of the barn:

• main area - 500 m² for 50 heads (at the rate of 6 m² per 1 adult or 10 m² for queens with offspring);
• additional area for storage of feed, inventory and equipment;
• wall height - from 2.5 to 3 m;
• height to the roof ridge - not less than 3.5 m.

Experienced livestock breeders do not advise building very large barns for a wide range of livestock. In small rooms for 10 or 20 animals, animals feel more comfortable. At the same time, the cows on the farm are healthy and give a good milk yield. In the event of infection of one or more individuals, the main livestock will be easier to protect from the disease. In addition, a barn for 20 heads is easier to keep clean and tidy in order to obtain high-quality milk and / or meat.

Independent construction of a farm for cattle requires significant labor and time

barn construction

The selected version of the mini-farm and barn project needs to be studied and, if necessary, slightly modified. This will help tailor the proposed projects to specific conditions.

A brick structure for cattle must be built on a massive foundation. Under frame, wooden or block walls, you can make a lightweight version. The roof is made 2-pitched with a high ridge. From above, a hayloft and a storage system for the necessary inventory, equipment, etc. are being equipped. Another option is a modern hangar-type barn with an arched roof. The profile for it is gradually increased to the required size.

The ceiling of the cattle room is usually made of thick board. For cold regions, double decking is required. Joints are sealed with clay. To keep warm, it is necessary to pour sand or sawdust. The layer thickness is at least 10 cm.

The floor in the barn is best made of concrete. It is bred and poured using conventional technology. The concrete floor is durable, comfortable for animals and staff. Maintaining cleanliness does not require significant effort and time.

Plank floors are cheaper. However, it is necessary to cover the connecting seams with clay. Mandatory slope for the floor in the barn - no more than 2 cm per 1 m. This is safe for cows and convenient for cleaning manure.

Inside the barn, it is necessary to equip stalls measuring 170 by 110 cm. For the manufacture of partitions, you can use the following materials:

• board;
• reinforcing bar;
• log;
• timber;
• metal pipe.

The floor is covered with dry chopped straw or sawdust. You can make wooden flooring. In the center of the room you need to leave a wide passage for the farm staff.

A canal or gutter is arranged at the back for the drainage of manure masses. Be sure to make a slope towards the tank for collecting liquid manure. The gutter is brought out through a special hole (opening) in the wall. It needs a latch.

Drinkers and feeders are easy to make with your own hands. They are placed in front of the stalls. The width of the bottom is 40 cm. From the bottom up, the feeder expands to 70 cm. The height of the outer side is 70 cm. The inner side facing the animal is not higher than 30 cm.

Conditions of detention and sanitary standards

The microclimate is very important for cattle. Therefore, in the barn of a farm for 50 heads, windows are needed for ventilation. They are located at a height of 120-150 cm above the floor. The ventilation system and heating device (if necessary) will help ensure the temperature and air circulation.

The area of ​​thermal neutrality, i.e., the optimal temperature regime, is provided in the barn, depending on the breed of animals. Usually required from +4 to +20 °C. For young bulls and heifers, warmth is especially important. Large rooms will require artificial lighting. Electrical wiring must be installed by a specialist during the construction period.

Do you want to open your own farm? Wonderful! But one desire is not enough. Need money. Need advice. Helpers are needed.

All this is in the "ready-made solution" of Rosselkhozbank, which was developed for you by dozens of experienced specialists. It includes: a loan to set up a family dairy farm; seven variants of examples of typical farm projects to choose from; an example of a feasibility study for a family farm; the possibility of obtaining subsidies to reimburse the cost of paying interest on the loan; the possibility of financing the costs of building infrastructure and communications for the farm at the expense of the funds of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

What is a family farm?

Within the framework of the Program, a family livestock farm means a farm owned and/or used by peasant (farm) farms established in accordance with Federal Law No. 74-FZ of 11.06. are related by kinship and / or property and jointly carry out production and other economic activities in the field of agriculture based on their personal participation. Private farms can employ permanent (seasonal) workers in the amount of not more than five people to work on a family livestock farm. When participating in the Program of farms over 100 heads, permanent (seasonal) workers in the amount of up to ten people can be involved.

Where can I get money for my participation in the project - 20%?

First of all, remember: you can deposit your own funds in stages. The first 10% - until the issuance of the first loan, the remaining 10% - until the completion of the construction of the farm. Further: own funds may or may not be money! What does it mean? As its own participation in the project, Rosselkhozbank considers and takes into account the property (land, building, equipment, etc.) that you own and which will be used in the future in the activities of the farm, as well as subsidies, subsidies received by you from the subjects Russian Federation. To become a member of such a program, you need to contact the agro-industrial complex management body in your region. Your candidacy will be discussed and approved at a meeting of a special joint commission, which includes representatives of the management bodies of the agro-industrial complex of the subject of the Federation, the Association of Farmers (AKKOR), Rosselkhozbank and Rosagroleasing.

For how long can a loan be taken?

Up to 15 years for the construction of a family dairy farm Up to 8 years for the purchase of agricultural equipment, specialized transport and special equipment for the farm Up to 8 years for the purchase of technological equipment for completing a family farm Up to 8 years for the creation of engineering infrastructure and communications facilities (electricity, water supply, sanitation, gas supply, construction of roads and access roads) providing livestock maintenance Up to 5 years for the purchase of farm animals Up to 2 years for the formation of initial working capital. This can be a stock of fertilizers, pesticides, seeds, feed, raw materials for processing, materials, GSLL, animals for fattening, etc.

● Call the Rosselkhozbank hotline at 8-800-200-02-90 (toll-free) or contact the branch or additional office of the Rosselkhozbank at your place of residence.

● Get advice from an employee of the Russian Agricultural Bank and materials on a "ready-made solution". Ask any questions, we will definitely help you!

● Determine what loans you need. Do not hurry. Your success will depend on how carefully you think everything through!

● Decide where you will get money for your own participation in the project - 20% of its cost. This is a must! No ideas? Then read our recommendations (see above). The project of a family dairy farm is, first of all, money. And money requires careful attitude. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the preparation of the part that concerns the execution of all necessary documents. You are offered: an example of a feasibility study (feasibility study), a list of initial permits and options for design and estimate documentation (IRD and PSD). Sounds incomprehensible? In fact, everything is simple!

● We study seven options for examples of typical design and estimate documentation, choose the appropriate one or offer our own.

● Following the example of a feasibility study (feasibility study), we estimate the amount of necessary investments in the project, calculate financing options, profitability and payback period.

● We draw up a business plan for creating a farm.

● We collect a package of IRD: documents for land; construction documents; contracts; evidence of a self-regulatory organization.

● Having drawn up a business plan and determined the cost of the project, we begin to prepare a set of documents for the commission and for the Bank to consider the issue of preliminary approval for obtaining a loan.

Family farm business plan.

The most important thing to write correctly is a business plan. Its main sections are listed below. In this difficult matter, the Bank's specialists also did all the main work for you.

The main sections of the business plan:

1. Information about you

2. Essence of the project

3. Deadlines and milestones

4. Financing scheme

5. Efficiency

BY THE WAY, ACCOR proposes annually on a competitive basis to allocate grants up to a million rubles per farm to beginner farmers as start-up capital. Of course, not enough. We need 3-5 million. Loans are needed, Rosselkhozbank will help here. And we are working on the creation of a federal guarantee fund to help farmers who do not have collateral to work with banks.

We decide how we build: ourselves, or with the help of a construction company.

You can build a farm yourself, on your own, hiring workers for separate stages. Or you can hire a professional organization for the entire project at once. In both cases Rosselkhozbank will support you! The first option will cost you less, but you will have to spend more time collecting and processing IRD. In the second case, a construction company will take over part of this work, but this, of course, will cost extra money.

The IRD package must contain:

Certificate of ownership of your site or lease agreement;

Building permits and cadastral plan;

Report on engineering and survey work on the site, technical conditions for connecting the farm to local engineering networks;

General contractor agreement for the construction (reconstruction) of a farm, an agreement for engineering and survey work, an agreement for the provision of construction supervision services (technical supervision).

With many of the listed documents, you can be helped by a self-regulatory organization, i.e. in the company that will build your farm, or carry out work at a construction site.

What is included in the feasibility study of a “turnkey solution” for a family farm?

• Choice of loan terms
• Automatic calculation: how much money you will receive with such and such milk yield and such and such selling price of your farm products.
• Automatic calculation of loan payments Automatic calculation of the amount of subsidies
• Automatic calculations: construction costs, equipment, machinery, animals, working capital, etc.
• A plan for financing the project and reaching its self-sufficiency. You have only one step left: to correctly complete and submit the necessary documents to the Agricultural Bank.

First, the Bank gives preliminary approval of the possibility of granting a loan, and then makes a final decision on the transaction. Next, we will consider which documents are considered by the Bank and in what order. We will also give information about state support to the future farmer.

● Having collected the documents, we submit them to the Russian Agricultural Bank for preliminary approval and to the commission for the selection of participants in the sectoral or regional support program for farmers.

● Are you included in the list of participants in the regional program and received preliminary approval from Rosselkhozbank? Yes! Then there was the last step! Prepare documents for making a decision on the transaction and submit them to the Russian Agricultural Bank. Details - below!

● Confirm your own cash contribution of 10% of the total project cost. Remember that it is not necessary to bring “live” money to the Bank.

● Remember that until the end of the construction and completion of the farm, the total amount of the client's own participation in the project should be 20%.

● Get a loan and start building your farm. Oh, and don't forget the subsidies! 10% cash and more! It is always worth remembering that you can contribute your own funds to the project not only with money, but also ... with money already spent!

Namely, to submit to the Bank payment and settlement documents confirming the expenses already incurred by you at the preparatory stage of the project implementation.

And the preliminary approval of your application by the Bank does not require so many papers:

Application form

Financial statements

Business plan

Customer Registration Confirmation

How to replace the money in the first installment?

Business plan development costs

Expenses for the creation of engineering infrastructure and communications facilities, other preparatory expenses for the project

Expenses for engineering and survey work

Construction and installation costs

Payment of advances under contracts for the purchase of machinery, equipment, livestock

Participant Selection Criteria

Industry target program

The commission (which we talked about in Step 1) takes into account:

• whether you have preliminary contracts or agreements of intent on the supply of milk with processors;
• creation of additional jobs by you;
• the location of your farm so that milk for processing is no more than 50 km away;
• availability of a business plan and feasibility study;
• absence of overdue obligations on payments to budgets and loans;
• availability or economic justification for creating their own feed base or the conclusion of preliminary contracts for the supply of feed;
• the age of the head of the farm should not exceed 55 years, and the average age of members of the farm engaged in active agricultural work within the framework of the peasant farm is 40 years;
• the readiness of the Program participant to conduct excursion and training workshops based on the implemented pilot projects in order to transfer the best practices of the functioning of pilot family dairy farms.

In order for the Bank to make a decision, prepare the documents correctly.

So, you and I are preparing for the consideration by the Bank of the issue of financing our project.

First you need to get pre-approval.

To do this, we fill out an application form (it will be given to you at the Bank), provide financial statements for the last reporting year and the last reporting date of the current year, a farm business plan and documents confirming the registration of the client. The Bank looks at these documents and, if everything is fine, you proceed to the second stage - prepare a package of documents already for concluding a transaction. It's tougher here. Firstly, you will need a document confirming your inclusion in the agricultural producers, who will be provided with state support. In addition - documents for land, constituent documents of your organization and documents confirming the ownership of the property that you represent as a pledge. Is the transaction approved by the Bank? Congratulations! Then the Bank itself prepares a set of contracts. You put your signature and - hooray! - Your dream of owning a farm is starting to come true!

State subsidies for the creation of family dairy farms can be received by heads of peasant farms, individual entrepreneurs, and agricultural consumer cooperatives.

The state now considers the development of family dairy farms in Russia one of the most important tasks. Therefore, you will not be left alone with your problems. Moreover, when obtaining a loan for purposes related to the creation of family farms, the Bank's borrowers can count on receiving state support. The state will reimburse you for part of the costs associated with the payment of interest on loans, which will reduce your costs.

The state can partially compensate your expenses for paying bank interest on loans. How does it work? You apply for a loan at the Bank, after which you prepare documents for obtaining a subsidy. As soon as your application is approved, the Bank will start receiving funds to your account to pay part of the interest rate. Thus, by receiving a subsidy, you can reduce the "real" interest rate on the loan to 4-5%.

Support for agricultural producers is carried out both at the federal and regional levels. Many constituent entities of the Russian Federation have now developed new special programs for small businesses that provide for additional measures and conditions for state support. Be sure to find out about the availability of such programs in your regional administration! Information on how to receive subsidies is also open. It is available in any regional agricultural management body, in regional organizations of AKKOR.

Participants of the target program of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia "Support for novice farmers for the period 2012-2014" can apply for a grant to create a production base for peasant farms.

The grant can be up to 1.5 million rubles. per new farmer. The amount of the grant is determined by the regional competitive commission for the selection of novice farmers.

Purposes for which the grant received by you from the state can be spent (Read carefully! Surely these are your plans!):

Purchase of agricultural land;

Development of design estimates for the construction (reconstruction) of industrial and warehouse buildings, premises;

Purchase, construction, repair and reconstruction of industrial and warehouse buildings, premises, outbuildings, engineering networks, barriers, structures;

Registration of production facilities;

Construction of roads and entrances to production and storage facilities;

Connection to engineering networks - electrical, water, gas and heat networks, road infrastructure;

Purchase of farm animals;

Purchase of agricultural machinery and equipment, trucks, equipment and processing of agricultural products; - purchase of seeds and planting material for laying perennial plantings;

Purchase of fertilizers and pesticides.

REMEMBER grants from the state for the creation of farms and other forms of business in the countryside can be received by individual entrepreneurs - heads of peasant farms.

The subsidy can be up to 100% of the amount of interest on your loan.

How does it work? Everything is quite simple. The fact is that the state today is extremely interested in creating as many family farms as possible, and that is why it supports those who want to start their own business with all their might.

Your expenses for paying interest on loans received from the Bank are subsidized from the state budget in the following order: - the state will return interest on loans issued for the creation of a farm in the amount of: and 3 percentage points above the refinancing rate - at the expense of regional budgets.

Many constituent entities of the Russian Federation have also developed special programs for state support of small businesses, providing for additional forms and conditions of state support for the creation of family farms.

Be sure to find out about the availability of such programs in your regional administration! This information is public. Moreover, it will help your business!

BTW, subsidies from the state are provided in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 4, 2009 No. No. 90 "On the distribution and provision in 2010 of subsidies from the federal budget of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to reimburse part of the cost of paying interest on loans received from Russian credit institutions and loans received from agricultural credit consumer cooperatives."

So STEP 1

● Find out which state organization in your region manages the agro-industrial complex. Usually this is the Ministry of Agriculture or the Department of Agriculture

● Find out from the regional agro-industrial complex management body what documents you need to collect for subsidies and agree on the deadline for submitting them.

● Gather all necessary documents and submit them to the local agro-industrial complex (Ministry of Agriculture or Department of Agriculture).

● The state has established the most simplified procedure for obtaining such subsidies. A decision on your question is made within 10 days.

● If a positive decision is made, funds for reimbursement of part of the costs are transferred to your settlement account opened with the Russian Agricultural Bank. You can contact any branch of the Russian Agricultural Bank in the Krasnodar Territory and get free advice by calling the hotline 8-800-200-02-90

The real story of the creation of the first family farm: Alexander Gulin, a 45-year-old farmer from the Mordovian village of Teplovka, became the first farmer in Russia to take out a loan to start a family dairy farm.

It was three years ago and now Alexander is ready to tell readers about his own invaluable experience. “It all started with a project competition held by our Republican Ministry of Agriculture,” Alexander recalls.

I sent an application there, received a positive response. An important “advantage” in my favor was the fact that the land on which I planned to build a farm was already my property.

Rosselkhozbank gave me the first loan - 9.3 million rubles, and helped me with all the paperwork. In just three months, a farm for 100 cows was built.

I bought milking equipment from a German supplier who has been working in our republic for a long time. Today, thanks to the latest technology, I get about 20 liters of milk per day from one cow. I deliver milk to the regional center (they know it and willingly buy it), I sell some of it to the local dairy.

In 2011, I began to repay the loan, before that there was a deferment from the Russian Agricultural Bank. She helped a lot. The farm is already bringing in money, sales have been established, there is something to pay for loans.

It remains for development - for example, last year the farm's income amounted to 300 thousand rubles, which I invested in the development of production.

In five years I plan to reach a stable profit already “for myself”. And this is taking into account the current plans for the development of the farm: the construction of a maternity ward, the organization of the production of cottage cheese, sour cream, and cheeses.

The material was provided by the public relations service of the Krasnodar regional branch of Rosselkhozbank OJSC

Farming is a profitable type of business, which, however, is very risky and expensive. Consider the main branches of farming and the features of their implementation, as well as the reasons for such a rapid development of animal husbandry in Russia.

Farm business development

Farm business in Russia, in particular animal husbandry, has been gaining popularity and development over the years due to the following factors:

• the presence of state programs that, subject to certain conditions by farmers, in order to support newly created farms and national producers, provide subsidies, tax breaks, grants, initial capital, allocate land for farming;
• rising food prices, which increase farm profits;
• food products produced by farms, namely meat, milk, eggs, cheese, honey, cottage cheese, are always in demand in the markets and have their own customer base, as they provide the basic needs of consumers;
• restriction of access to the market for products of foreign suppliers and manufacturers - national producers, in turn, do not experience such restrictions;
• a wide range of economic activities, the emergence and development of new species (for example, farms for breeding ostriches);
• products of a national manufacturer inspire confidence among consumers and are in demand;
• the possibility of obtaining a permanent customer base and markets for products.

Thus, the farming business is a profitable and promising activity that is rapidly developing and, at certain costs, can bring significant income that will fully pay off the invested funds and the time spent.

Farming branches

Farming is divided into 2 main industries:

• agriculture (growing various types of grain crops: rice, wheat, barley, etc.);
• animal husbandry.

Animal breeding as a business includes the following sub-sectors:

• pig breeding;
• cattle breeding (livestock breeding);
• sheep breeding;
• poultry farming;
• breeding bees;
• horse breeding;
• ostrich breeding;
• reindeer herding;
• breeding rabbits;
• fur farming and others.

Pig breeding, poultry farming, sheep breeding and cattle breeding have received the greatest development.

Cattle breeding provides the population with milk and meat, beef and veal are of high quality and high cost.

Poultry farming provides the market with meat and eggs, and poultry meat (turkeys, chickens, ducks, indouts) is more in demand than beef and pork, due to the lower cost of meat and the absence of difficulties in breeding birds on farms. Chicken meat is the most demanded meat in the markets, chicken breeding is a promising and profitable activity.

Pig farming is a rapidly developing type of economic activity. Pork is the second most demanded meat in the markets, after chicken, this meat is cheaper than beef and has a high quality, nutritional value and calorie content.

Sheep breeding for its development requires a large number of pastures and provides markets not only with meat and milk, but also with wool.

Pig breeding as a business

Before engaging in pig breeding, it should be borne in mind that although this is a highly profitable type of activity, it, like any type of farming activity, requires a lot of effort, time and significant financial costs to achieve a result.

Basic rules to follow if you decide to start pig farming

1. Decide on the location of the farm, taking into account: established standards for proximity to settlements, the minimum required farm area, remoteness from water sources.

2. Prepare the necessary documents for the administration to sign. Specify under what conditions you can receive state subsidies, benefits, etc.

3. Study the market structure, namely the demand and supply of pig meat and lard in the markets in your area. As a rule, lean and lean pork, lard with a meat layer (loin) are in the greatest demand.

4. Prepare a business plan that, when calculating financial costs, will show the effectiveness of pig farming and possible profits. Financial costs include:

• buying pigs;
• building or renting premises;
• purchase of inventory and equipment;
• staff salaries;
• stern;
• payment for veterinary services, vaccinations, etc.

Also, in the plan, it is necessary to assess the possible risks of the enterprise and indicate the stages of project implementation with actions at each stage.

5. Build pigsties, sheds, purchase the necessary inventory and equipment, feed.

6. Hire qualified personnel (animal technicians, handymen, pig breeders, etc.).

7. Much attention should be paid to the selection of breeds of pigs. Breeds of pigs are specially bred for production:

• meat;
• meat and fat;
• meat and bacon;
• bacon
• fat.

Breeds for the production of meat and bacon received the greatest demand, because meat brings more income than lard. Females and males must be purchased from different suppliers to prevent genetic mutations in the offspring.

8. Be sure to periodically disinfect pigsties, inventory, destroy rodents, ensure regular vaccinations and examinations of offspring and adults by a veterinarian.

But do not expect instant results, because the pig farm pays for itself in about 2-3 years. Also successful is the combination of growing potatoes, corn, etc. with raising pigs, because feed costs in this case are reduced; It is also profitable to organize your own production of meat and sausage products and lard (for example, you can organize a meat and lard smokehouse).

Poultry farming as a business

Breeding poultry as a business, especially chickens and turkeys, requires less financial costs than, for example, pig breeding, since birds are less whimsical, but it brings a stable income, because poultry meat is very popular due to its low cost, dietary content, low calorie content.

Before starting poultry farming, draw up a business plan that will help you calculate the possible profit and the period after which it will be received, as well as financial costs (for the purchase of young animals, feed, vaccinations, renting a territory, building premises, equipment, etc.) , existing risks.

How to become a farmer from scratch in the poultry industry?

Consider the main factors that must be considered if you decide to start breeding birds.

1. The choice of breed depends on the focus of your farm. Breeds of chickens are:

• for the production of meat (cornish, red whitetails);
• for the production of eggs (leggorn, Russian whites, pavlovskie, minorca);
• for the production of eggs and meat (Loman Brown, Moscow black, Kuchinsky).

It is most profitable to purchase breeds of chickens that are adapted for the production of both eggs and meat.

2. Having your own garden reduces the cost of bird feed; in the spring and summer, chickens can and should be grazing in the garden.

3. To obtain high quality homemade meat, special attention should be paid to bird food. So, the diet of chickens should include, in addition to compound feed: dandelions, nettles, carrots, pumpkins, potatoes, beets and other vegetables and herbs.

4. Rooms for chickens should be equipped with everything necessary: ​​feeders, drinkers, thermometers, devices for measuring room humidity. Each breed has its own characteristics. So, egg-bearing breeds need ventilation, specially equipped perches, free space, good lighting (the room should be lit from 6 am to 9 pm, poor lighting is stress for the bird and its egg production decreases or stops altogether) and thermal insulation.

5. The purchase and equipment of an incubator will help save on young animals; eggs laid by a laying hen are laid in an incubator, which must be equipped with a thermometer. If the incubator is the simplest and not automatic, the eggs are turned over manually (3 times a day). From 60 eggs laid in the incubator, you can get 45 or more chickens.

6. Purchased young animals should be vaccinated and given antibiotics to prevent possible diseases.

7. Regular disinfection of the premises should be carried out, if a disease is suspected, sick birds to be slaughtered should be isolated, a veterinarian should be invited to make a final diagnosis, and vaccination should be carried out.

Breeding birds is a profitable, and most importantly, simple and affordable type of activity that does not require the construction of special premises, the lease of a large land area.

Birds can also be bred in old sheds, which only need to be equipped with everything necessary, and a personal plot or garden will be enough. Breeding chickens is the most popular type of poultry farming, chickens are unpretentious in feeding and care, have high egg production and, with proper care, provide valuable and sought-after meat.

Breeding cattle

So what does it take to become a cattle farmer? Before you go directly into the breeding itself, draw up a detailed business plan, which should include:

• planned production volumes;
• the production part (expenses for the purchase of feed);
• marketing part (advertising, product prices);
• organizational part (information about suppliers, buyers, staff);
• risk assessment;
• financial part (sources of financial support, planned income).

• breeding young individuals for sale;
• supply of meat;
• milk supply;
• supply of meat and milk;
• processing of animal skins;
• production of dairy products (cheese, sour cream, cottage cheese);
• production of meat products (sausage products).

The next step will be to go around all instances, prepare documentation and obtain permits (for construction on sites, etc.).

One of the most important aspects of organizing livestock breeding as a business is purchase of livestock. Things to consider:

• selection and purchase is best done with the participation of an experienced veterinarian, livestock breeder;
• the main meat breeds of cows: Hereford, Charolais, Limousin, Salers, Kalmyk, Kazakh white-headed and others. Dairy breeds: black-and-white, red steppe, Yaroslavl, Kholmogory;
• a healthy dairy cow that will produce large amounts of milk, has a barrel-shaped belly, long head, small horns, strong muscles, special attention should be paid to the cow's udder. The udder of the cow should be large, the skin should be elastic, the shape of the udder should be cup-shaped. Cows with round udders will produce little milk. When buying, be sure to milk the cow, while hardening should not be felt in the udder, it should be soft and pliable. A healthy cow has a clear look, no cough, a hard and light gait, a narrow hindquarters and a sagging back are considered faults;
• read the documents for the animal, the vaccination card.

Cows need to be provided with pastures, feed should be purchased, hay should be prepared for the winter, regular disinfection of barns and vaccinations should be mandatory, and premises for slaughterhouses should also be equipped.

Beef and veal are expensive and high-quality meats that are in demand among consumers. To increase income from livestock breeding, it is necessary to organize the processing of meat, milk and produce cheese, cottage cheese, kefir, sausages, sour cream, ryazhenka, etc. for sale.

How to become a successful farmer?

In order to become a successful farmer, one should take into account the fact that farming does not imply instant profit, it requires significant financial costs. Animal husbandry is one of the most risky types of business, since there is always the risk of epidemics, natural disasters that can lead to a pestilence of animals, loss of farms and bankruptcy of farmers.

Keep in mind that producing quality products is only the first step. The second stage is its implementation. You can find sales markets, or you can open your own stores, which will bring income, but will also require additional costs for renting premises, personnel, equipment, etc.

Farming in Russia receives state support and generates high income for businessmen, but also requires large investments and time, as well as drawing up a detailed business plan. The main branches of animal husbandry in Russia and around the world are pig breeding, poultry farming and cattle breeding, as their products are always in high demand, both on national and foreign markets.