How to open an LLC: step by step instructions. How to open an LLC on your own

Investments in agriculture are increasing every year. The niche of agricultural production is practically free, so those who want to farm are actively buying up land and empty farms. The cost of land is low, and the return, albeit not instantaneous, will be necessary.

Every year the development of farms becomes more and more relevant. Many entrepreneurs, trying to fill an empty niche, invest in agricultural production. In villages and villages, they are actively buying up land and empty abandoned farms in order to organize their own business. The cost of land, depending on the position and condition, can be from 70,000 rubles per hectare.

Farming can be conducted in different directions: animal husbandry, crop production, beekeeping, etc. If a farmer decides to choose a livestock sector, then, depending on the type of animals he will breed, it will be possible to sell not only meat, but also wool and skins.

The farmer can supply such products to dairies, or sell them independently through retail outlets. In the latter case, the products will need to be packaged, for which it will be necessary to purchase special equipment.

Pig breeding is a traditionally profitable area of ​​animal husbandry, so creating a pig farm is a good idea for your own business. The share of pork consumption is about 30% of the volume of meat products, yielding in popularity only to poultry meat, which is a cheaper product, its share is 37%.

Pigs have a high growth energy, and better than other domestic animals, use the nutrients contained in the feed. Pigs grow 10-12 times faster than cattle. With good feed quality, six-month-old animals reach a weight of 100 kg and can be used for meat.

In addition, pigs are quite prolific. Pork production is the next industry behind poultry farming in terms of payback due to a longer growing cycle.

Pork production is conditionally divided into three sectors:

• industrial-type complexes - fattening herds with a population of 12,000 heads or more;
• average production in large farms and agricultural enterprises - a herd from 100 to 12,000 heads;
• personal subsidiary and small farms - a herd of less than 100 heads.

To organize an efficiently operating farm that brings a decent profit, you need to start with.

Production plan. Sales of products

The farm's products are pigs in live weight. The sale of pigs for meat is usually not difficult, especially in light of recent government programs to support domestic producers. The sale of young animals for breeding can be organized through the market to small private farms.

room

Since there are many empty farms in the countryside, it is not worth building a new pigsty - this will require a lot of money. The best option would be to rent or buy an already finished premises. The next step is the repair and disinfection of the premises, as well as equipping it with various communications.

Among the necessary will be a heating system, the most economical option - devices for direct combustion of fuel (liquid fuel or gas). The ventilation system must also be provided as a necessary element to create a normal microclimate inside the farm. A manure removal system can be supplied if funds permit.

It also serves to improve the microclimate, reduces labor costs. In addition, good animal conditions are the basis for successful fattening. The pig farm must be warm, peace and quiet must be ensured, daily ventilation is also necessary.

Farm equipment

You will need to purchase special equipment for feeding pigs. There are two types of feeding - dry and liquid. About 80% of pig farms use dry feeding. This type of equipment is less expensive and easier to maintain than liquid feeding equipment.

A room equipped for dry feeding will have a higher sanitary and hygienic condition. Feed enters the premises from the bunker through feed lines with a spiral, depending on the configuration of the building, a chain-washer conveyor can be used. Animals are fed through a feed distribution system with dispensers for group feeding, or through conventional feeders for individual feeding.

It will be necessary to purchase drinking bowls and machine tools for keeping animals, various zootechnical products. For a pig farm, it is advisable to buy feed loaders - special machines for transporting and loading bulk feed.

Farm staff

The more machines and mechanisms you will use on your farm, the less staff you will need. We will need workers, a veterinarian, a livestock specialist, an accountant and a manager. The functions of a veterinarian and livestock specialist can be combined by one person with the appropriate education.

Purchase of pigs

According to the recommendations of experts, for a start it is desirable to purchase 300-350 heads. To avoid inbreeding and weakened offspring, it is better to purchase female and male individuals from different suppliers. Of the indicated number of heads, there should be about 150 sows, 10 boars, the rest of the animals - for fattening and sale.

Purchasing feed

A herd of 300-350 heads per year needs up to 35 tons of grain and up to 300 kilograms of special feed additives. It should be borne in mind that the weight gain of animals, and, most importantly, their health, will depend on the quality of the feed. An improper diet will lead to a decrease in weight gain, the fattening period will have to be increased, which will lead to additional feed consumption and, consequently, to an increase in the cost of production.

Special feeding formulas have been developed and widely used, for example for young piglets or for pregnant sows. The choice of a feed supplier should be taken quite carefully. You can buy feed at factories, or from pig breeders with extensive experience.

Financial part of the business plan

The cost of equipment will be approximately 2 million rubles, its specific value will be determined by the level of farm mechanization chosen by you. It will also depend on how many staff you need. To care for a herd of 300-350 heads, at least 7 people will be required. The salary of a veterinarian will be 20-25 thousand rubles, pigs - from 10 thousand rubles.

The cost of feed is approximately: bran - 60 rubles. for 20 kg, feed for young animals - 130 rubles. for 15 kg, for meat fattening of pigs - 205 rubles. for 30 kg, mixtures for bacon fattening - 230 rubles. for 35 kg, etc. Feed must be purchased for at least two months, the cost of feed is approximately 70% of the total cost of the project.

If the premises are rented, the costs will amount to 4-5 million rubles. In order to return the invested funds and make a profit, it will be necessary to sell meat products from two or three generations of pigs. Profitability on average is expected to be 25%, payback - from 3 to 4 years.

Some entrepreneurs have mastered some types of business related to breeding various living creatures for the sake of making a profit. Unfortunately, in terms of profitability, these types of activities are inferior to sturgeon breeding.

The consequences of the economic crisis have affected almost all spheres of human entrepreneurial activity. Many entrepreneurs have decided to abandon various activities, including in the livestock sector. Recently, there has been a trend towards a healthy lifestyle, which is inextricably linked with proper nutrition. Increasingly, a person prefers to eat fish, but not meat, especially pork. Therefore, having decided to start breeding sturgeons, you should not worry about selling your products.

You can breed sturgeons at home, if you create a certain temperature regime, supply water and sewerage.

Organization of a reservoir for sturgeon breeding

For the convenience of growing sturgeon, it is enough to have a plastic pool, 1.0-1.2 meters deep and up to 3 meters in diameter. This is the most convenient pool model, since it can be serviced without much difficulty.

The right choice of food

The main task is to get the maximum weight gain of the fish in a short period of time. Therefore, the food should be high-calorie and appropriate for the age and weight of the fish.

1. The sturgeon leads a benthic lifestyle, so the food must quickly sink to the bottom.
2. The food must have an appropriate smell. In nature, these species of fish search for food by smell. This suggests that he has a well-developed sense of smell. The food should not only smell good, but also be attractive to this type of fish.
3. The time of dissolution of feed in water should not be less than 30 minutes.
4. For each size of fish, the size of the feed pellets is selected.

Where to get sturgeon fry

You should buy fry only from large fish farms that have been breeding it for years. The better the product, the more likely it is to make a profit. In this case, you should not save on fry. Only healthy fry will be able to quickly adapt to new conditions and grow to the size of a marketable sturgeon.

Tanks for growing fish

At the initial stage of development of this type of business, it is enough to acquire a small mini-pool. It can be installed in a residential area or in a greenhouse of cellular polycarbonate. The mini-pool occupies an area of ​​​​no more than 2.2 square meters, so it can be installed even in an apartment.

Growing Equipment

To grow fish yourself, you will have to purchase the following equipment:

1. Plastic pool.
2. Pump for pumping water.
3. Compressor.
4. Automatic feeder.
5. Generator.

Capacity. For growing fish, you can purchase and install several mini-pools with a diameter of 2.5 meters.

Pump. With its help, water is supplied to containers from a well or well, if sturgeon will be grown in the private sector. If there is a central water supply, mini-pools can be connected to the water supply, but this method can be much more expensive, given today's water prices.

Compressor. It is necessary for the constant saturation of water with oxygen, otherwise it makes no sense to talk about growing fish at all. Moreover, you need to install a couple of compressors, just in case, so that if one of them fails, the next one is included in the work.

Automatic feeder. It is necessary for large production volumes. If this is the beginning of a business and there is the possibility of feeding fish by hand, then you can not buy it. Malek feeds up to 6 times a day and with small volumes you can do without it.

Petrol or diesel generator. Just as important as the compressor. In the absence of power supply or its suspension, the generator will help out and will not allow the fish to suffocate. The generator must have a power reserve so as not to work at the limit. Then it will serve for a long time and will be able to guarantee the cultivation of sturgeon.

Here, the list includes only the main components of a mini-farm, without which sturgeon breeding is impossible. In addition to these elements, you will need all kinds of pipes, taps, angles, tees, etc. If you count everything, then you will need serious investments. Despite this, with a serious approach, sturgeon breeding will pay off in the first year.

Water temperature

In order to live and develop, constantly gaining weight, a certain temperature regime should be maintained. It is believed that the temperature from +18°C to +24°C is optimal.

As for the winter period, you will have to maintain the temperature at the proper level. If this is not done, then the water will simply be covered with ice, and this cannot be allowed. In this case, a large energy consumption will be required, although you can work on the heating scheme and get by with minimal costs. It is not necessary to resort to heating with electricity or gas, as this will cost a serious penny. It is better to use a conventional solid fuel boiler, and use wood waste as fuel.

If the fish is grown in improper conditions, then it will start to hurt, especially if it is fry.

Premises for growing sturgeon

Even in an apartment where there is running water and sewerage, you can breed fish. The most suitable option is the private sector, where you can easily build a suitable room and organize heating, both water and air.

Depending on the number of containers, the useful area of ​​​​the mini-farm is also calculated. At the same time, one container with a volume of 2 cubic meters is able to occupy an area of ​​10 to 12 square meters.

What do sturgeons eat

For this, there are special compound feeds intended for growing sturgeon species. The daily dose depends on the age and weight of the fish. The sturgeon feeds 4-5 times a day. If an automatic feeder is used, the fish may be fed more frequently, depending on its setting.

The payback of such a business

This is a profitable type of business that, with the right approach, will pay off in the first year. The growing cycle, starting from the purchase of fry and ending with commercial products, takes about 9 months. During this period, a fry weighing about 5 grams is gaining weight of about 500 grams, which is quite enough to sell the goods. One fry can cost 20 rubles, or even more. Ready sturgeon is sold at a price of 600-800 rubles. for 1 kg. If you count everything, then one fry is able to make a profit in the amount of 300 rubles, or even more. Unfortunately, this is not a net profit. The cost of feed will take up a significant amount of expenses.

Growing one thousand fry will require the purchase of feed in the amount of 30 thousand rubles. Electricity costs can also be significant and can be up to 20 thousand rubles a year, depending on the size of the mini-farm.

If you do not take into account the equipment, then in order to grow 1000 fry, you will have to spend:

• expenses for the purchase of fry - 20 thousand rubles;
• food costs - 30 thousand rubles;
• electricity costs - 20 thousand rubles.

Moreover, these calculations do not include the cost of water. It is believed that water is taken from a well or well.

That's why, total costs amount to 70 thousand rubles. It is not difficult to calculate the profit from the sale of 1000 pieces of fish, weighing 500 grams and costing 600 rubles per kilogram: it will amount to 300 thousand rubles.

Net profit will be: 300 thousand rubles - 70 thousand rubles, the total will be 230 thousand rubles.

To grow 1000 fish fry, you will need to purchase equipment for 250 thousand rubles. In the first year of growing fish, the costs will fully pay off. Starting from the second year, each thousand fry will be able to give up to 200 thousand rubles of net profit.

Experience of successful farms

Unfortunately, this type of business is not as widespread as the livestock business. The events of recent years indicate that large producers of sturgeon meat receive a steady income already in the 2nd or 3rd year of their activity. At the same time, you can get not only sturgeon meat, but also sturgeon caviar using accelerated technology. This can happen in the 5th or 6th year of a female's life. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that sturgeon caviar can be sold at $ 1,000 per kilogram.

Business plan

The calculation formulas are absolutely the same, but to organize the breeding of sturgeon in large quantities (up to 20 ... 30 tons per year), one should take into account the fact that you will have to spend money on the construction of a capital building. Alternatively, such a building can be rented. Moreover, a lot of money will have to be spent on paying wages to hired workers. Still, it is unlikely that you yourself or your family will be able to cope with such volumes of work. With an increase in production volumes, other expenses, such as deductions to the budget, also increase. The larger the production, the greater the problems and the more difficult it is to grow sturgeon fry to a marketable condition, the greater the risks associated with unforeseen costs.

To whom to sell sturgeon fish

You can sell your products according to various schemes: sell on the market, where you can organize your outlet, sell in a store, having agreed with the owner, or deliver to restaurants by concluding relevant agreements. Through restaurants, you can sell up to 70 kg of sturgeon per month. It is not difficult to calculate how much fish you need to grow per year: up to 1 ton of fish or up to 2000 units, weighing 0.5 kg each. Such small sturgeons are the most popular in the restaurant business. They prepare the most refined and delicious dishes.

As practice shows, you can make serious money on a home mini-farm. Somewhere in 3-5 years, if you approach it smartly, you can organize a business with a turnover of several million rubles, and this is on your backyard or summer cottage. But not everything can be obtained immediately and momentarily. In any case, you should start with a small amount of growing sturgeon meat. And when experience and confidence appear, production volumes can be increased, and not immediately, but also gradually: first, grow 1000 fry, then, if possible, 2000 pieces, and then, as they say, appetite comes with eating.

Conclusion

Naturally, business is not such a cloudless occupation. In the process of organizing, serious organizational problems may arise related to the legitimization of your business. Indeed, without these skills, it is unlikely that it will be possible to negotiate with a store or restaurant. Therefore, the business plan does not include organizational measures related to obtaining the relevant documents. In addition, it is not known what it will cost the entrepreneur and whether it can be organized in his country house or in his backyard. In addition, without the appropriate documents, it is unlikely that it will be possible to purchase fish fry.

Each business project requires an integrated approach with various calculations. Each business plan should include various losses associated, for example, with the death of some fry. In other words, risks must be considered, and this is not always possible. Therefore, being engaged in a non-traditional field of activity, you can always ignore something, and this “something” can ruin the whole business.

Instruction

Register IP. Any farm, even a small family one, whose products will be put up for sale is an instrument of entrepreneurial activity. In an occupation whose purpose is to derive profit, it is necessary to pay taxes to the state. For the implementation of such activities must be mandatory registration. You can, of course, consider other forms of business registration, but for small family farms it will be easiest to work with IP registration.

Select a farm type. This issue is one of the determining ones when creating a farm. First, you need to decide on the ambitions of your farm. Will you produce agricultural products personally for yourself and your neighbors, or are you going to work on a large scale. Another question that you need to decide for yourself is your farm will specialize in one activity (growing wheat, potatoes, pigs, chickens, dairy cows ), or there will be a little bit of everything. If you choose a specialized one, then you need to decide what you can grow better in your region, which crops and which animals. In general, you need to come from the general to the particular and, based on this, plan your further farming activities.

Make a business plan. Whatever type of farm you choose, you definitely need to do some planning. Calculate your capabilities, find out if you can get any benefits from the state, loans from banks. It is also important to determine the payback period of the venture so that your efforts are not in vain.

Weigh all the risks. You must understand that the cost of a large-scale farm will be significant (10-20 million rubles), it will be difficult to sell directly if you do not have connections in this area (due to the presence of a large number of intermediaries), and wholesalers will buy your goods. If you plan to have farm for your own security and the sale of goods to neighbors, friends and acquaintances, in this case you should not dream of any significant profit.

Get started. If you decide to start your own farm, started an individual entrepreneur, wrote a business plan, then you need to start taking concrete actions. Buy or lease land, store grain, build or purchase ready-made storage facilities. If you are engaged in raising cattle, you need to purchase the necessary equipment, as well as the animals themselves. Do not forget about hired workers, who will need to be registered in accordance with the law. Farming is not an easy task, and success awaits you only if you have a soul for such a business. For the purposes of your own benefit, you can choose much easier ways of doing business.

It is gaining popularity, and if earlier this occupation was considered unprofitable, today its own small farm is able to feed not only a large family, but also bring a good income.

A home farm as a business is a profitable business that is suitable for people living in the countryside. A big plus is that this activity, despite all the costs, pays off quickly. In addition, a farm is usually a family business, so there are big savings in labor resources. At the initial stage, it is quite realistic to serve a small farm on your own.

Choosing a direction

Before starting this activity, it is worth choosing a direction. It can be the sphere of growing vegetables and fruits or breeding animals and poultry. What to choose, decide for yourself, it all depends on material opportunities, competition and the sales market.

I recommend that beginners start with something simple, in an area that does not require large investments. For example, it is profitable to breed crayfish or broiler chickens. You can grow any vegetables and fruits that grow and ripen well in your climatic conditions.

Before you start making money in this area, it is worth drawing up a detailed business plan for the farm. This will help you correctly allocate costs, predict possible risks and determine the approximate payback time for your business.

Where to start your own farm?

First of all, you should think about choosing a direction in the agricultural sector. If you have decided on this, then you should start preparing a package of documents for registering a farm.

In order to start an agricultural business, you need to register legally. To do this, you need to choose a substantive form of business. You can register as a sole trader or form a legal entity such as an LLC.

You will also need to obtain all permits from the SES and the veterinary service on product compliance with norms and quality standards.

Land lease

In rural areas, many residents own land. But if you do not have a land plot, then you can rent it. The cost is relatively small, so there will be no big costs.

As for the area, then navigate according to the chosen field of activity. If you plan to start growing vegetables or fruits, then you will need an area of ​​​​at least several hectares.

If you prefer to go into the livestock business, then even a few hundred of land will be enough.

As they say, it all depends on the chosen direction and scale of the business.

Expenses

First of all, it is the lease of land and the legal execution of documents for doing business.

You will also need materials and equipment for the farm. For example, if you decide to breed rabbits, you will need to purchase purebred animals for further breeding, build cages for their maintenance, equip feeders and drinkers. Also take care of the proper nutrition of animals and constant care.

If you decide to start growing vegetables or fruits, then you will need to purchase equipment for cultivating the land, hire additional labor for care and harvesting.

Farming business requires costs, so consider your financial capabilities when choosing a direction in the agricultural field of activity.

Sales market

A home farm as a business is a good area for earning money and can bring good profits. The main thing is to find a market. Therefore, before starting any business, analyze the market, find out the average price for the product, and then decide on the direction.

Home goods: vegetables and fruits, meat, are in great demand. Natural, healthy foods are much tastier, and people are increasingly choosing farm-based products over supermarket products. Therefore, by correctly choosing directions, analyzing competition and demand, you can make the right choice that will lead you to success in the agricultural business.

Milk is always in demand, regardless of the season and the current economic situation, which provides the owner of the farm with a stable income, and this income is easy to increase - either by expanding the farm or by producing new types of products. At the same time, the cost of building a farm and maintaining livestock is minimal.

barn requirements

The room in which the cattle will be kept must be dry, clean and warm. The height of the walls must be at least 2.5 m, the height of the roof - at least 3.5 m (to the ridge).

The room should have good natural light., but windows should be made at a height inaccessible to cows. In addition, a good ventilation system must be arranged in the room.

Construction

Before embarking on construction, you need to carefully consider the project: cows are quite demanding on the conditions of detention, and failure to comply with these conditions will certainly affect your profit.

materials

The choice of materials is determined by the climatic features of the region, but cinder blocks are optimal in terms of price and quality. It is not worth saving on the material for the floor - it is better to immediately pour concrete, since adobe and wooden floors quickly become unusable.

Plan

The most convenient is a barn with stalls on the sides and a passage in the center. Stalls for adult animals should have an area of ​​​​6-7 square meters. m. (at least 2 m wide), for a cow with a calf - at least 10 square meters. m., the width of the passage is about 2 m.

It is very important to properly arrange the floors– later on, this will help you save time on manure cleaning. To do this, the floor is raised 2-3 centimeters above ground level and a slope of 2-2.5 centimeters per meter is created to facilitate the flow of liquid. A manure chute is created at the back of the stall. The width of the gutter should be 10-15 centimeters.

Equipment for cattle

The most important equipment is feeders and drinkers. They are located at each stall.

The simplest feeder design that can be made by hand is a box that stretches along the entire length of the barn. In the upper part, such a feeder has a width of 70 centimeters, and in the lower part - about 40. The height of the side facing the stall is from 20 to 30 centimeters.

With future expansion, it is possible to install mechanized feeders and an automatic milking system, but at the initial stage such equipment is not required.

Feeding

Animals should be fed with high-quality mixed fodder, hay, in the summer - with green fodder and silage, if the terrain allows - take them to pasture meadows.

On average, an adult dairy cow weighing about half a ton consumes 14 to 20 kilograms of dry feed per day.. Feeding is carried out three times a day at the same time.

Pairing

To maintain and replenish the livestock, it is necessary to provide all conditions for the natural insemination of cows. For a small (20-30 heads) herd, one adult bull is quite enough.

To whom to sell milk

The end product of your farm, milk, can be sold in many different ways:

1. To hand over to large dairies (an average of 12-15 rubles per liter);
2. Sell ​​on the market independently (up to 80 rubles per liter, depending on the fat content);
3. Rent to wholesalers (up to 20-30 rubles per liter).

Recently, one of the most promising options is the sale of milk through milk machines - special vending machines for selling fresh milk for bottling. You can buy this equipment here:

• molokovend.ru;
• molmat.ru;
• vendito.pro/molokomat.html.

In addition, you can make the following products from milk yourself:

• sour cream;
• dairy products.

Milk processing will require additional investments, but the profit will be higher.

Profitability

The construction of a barn with all the equipment for 20 heads will cost 18-20 thousand dollars. Purchase of calves - another $ 2,000. Feed base for several months - 3-4 thousand dollars (feeding one animal will cost $ 4-5 per day).

Each cow gives an average of about 8-10 liters of milk per day.(the indicator can vary widely). If you sell it on the market yourself, you can earn up to $200 daily. Taking into account the cost of feeding and keeping animals, the net profit will be about 1.8 thousand dollars per month.

As you can see, for cattle it brings a good income, but it requires constant attention and serious everyday work.