Presentation on the topic “Trade in the Middle Ages. Presentation on the history "Trade in the Middle Ages" presentation for a history lesson (grade 6) on the theme of the Factory of Venice and Genoa

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Lesson plan “What fell from the cart is gone” Expanding trade relations Fairs and banks

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1. "What fell from the cart is gone" Trade in the Middle Ages was profitable, but very difficult and dangerous business. The space between the settlements was covered with huge, impenetrable forests, teeming with predators and robbers. The roads were narrow and unpaved, covered with impassable mud. For passage through the possessions of feudal lords, for the use of bridges and crossings, many times had to pay fees. To protect themselves from robbers and help each other, merchants united in trade unions - guilds.

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2. Expansion of trade relations The city became the center of trade exchange with the surrounding area, with other cities, individual lands, with other countries. Subsistence economy in Europe was preserved. But a commodity economy also gradually developed, in which products were produced for sale on the market and exchanged, including through money.

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2. Expansion of trade relations To improve trade, more convenient roads were built. Trade along the rivers and seas flourished especially. European merchants made long voyages and brought rare and expensive oriental goods (spices, jewelry, etc.).

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3. Fairs and Banks different countries. On international fairs traded goods from all over Europe and from the East. The fairs were noisy and crowded.

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3. Fairs and banks At the fairs there were tables of money changers - specialists in money matters. Money changers also lent money at high interest rates. So money changers became usurers. The first owners of banks emerged from money changers and usurers already in the 14th-15th centuries. Bankers took money for safekeeping, transferred money to merchants from one country to another.

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Along with the main property of the Middle Ages - "immovable" (land and buildings on it), "movable property" created in cities (money, goods, ships, etc.) is becoming increasingly important. Gradually, money corroded the subsistence economy, and with it changed the feudal life, the motives of people's behavior.

• Lesson plan

• "What fell from the cart is gone"
• Expansion of trade relations
• Fairs and banks

• Trade in the Middle Ages was profitable, but very difficult and dangerous business. The space between the settlements was covered with huge, impenetrable forests, teeming with predators and robbers. The roads were narrow and unpaved, covered with impassable mud.

• For passage through the possessions of feudal lords, for the use of bridges and crossings, many times had to pay fees. To protect themselves from robbers and help each other, merchants united in trade unions - guilds .

• The city became the center of trade exchange with the surrounding area, with other cities, individual lands, with other countries.
• Subsistence economy in Europe was preserved. But a commodity economy also gradually developed, in which products were produced for sale on the market and exchanged, including through money.

• More convenient roads were built to improve trade. Trade along the rivers and seas flourished especially. European merchants made long voyages and brought rare and expensive oriental goods (spices, jewelry, etc.).

• The busiest trading places in Europe were trade fairs , hundreds of merchants from different countries took part in them.
• At international fairs they traded goods from all over Europe and the East.
• The fairs were noisy and crowded.

• At the fairs there were tables of money changers - specialists in money matters. Money changers also lent money at high interest rates. So money changers became usurers. The first owners of banks emerged from money changers and usurers already in the 14th-15th centuries. Bankers took money for safekeeping, transferred money to merchants from one country to another.

• Along with the main property of the Middle Ages - "immovable"(land and buildings on it) "movable property"(money, goods, ships, etc.). Gradually, money corroded the subsistence economy, and with it changed the feudal life, the motives of people's behavior.

• The site also contains lesson plans in history and social science from grades 5 to 11, test tasks in history and social science, answers to ALL test tasks for the Unified State Examination and OGE in social science of the FIPI open bank of tasks, maps on the General History and History of Russia, materials for extra classes and much more.

• Complete presentation blocks
• in General History, Russian History and Social Science
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• Homework

• 1. Study paragraph 14
• 2. Answer the questions on page 116 (orally)

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Slides captions:

"Trade in the Middle Ages"

Lesson plan: 1) “What fell from the cart is gone” 2) Expansion of trade relations. 3) Fairs and banks.

Where is it easier to trade? Byzantium and the Arab Caliphate

Why is it more difficult in Europe?

Consequences of feudal fragmentation Borders every 50 km Each principality has its own currency All principalities charge a duty for transporting goods Merchants in shock!

1. "What fell from the cart is gone" Despite all the benefits, trading in the Middle Ages was a dangerous and difficult occupation. There were no roads in the modern sense of the word. They were narrow paths through dense forests and swamps.

Robber attacks were constant. The feudal lords levied tolls for passage through their lands, for the use of bridges and crossings, and quite often robbed merchants themselves. In order to protect their interests, help each other, protect themselves from robbers, merchants began to unite in guilds. 1. “What fell from the cart is gone”

Reasons for merchants to join guilds:

Guild members elected leaders, hired guards, repaired roads from the common treasury, and helped each other. This greatly facilitated overland trade. But it was easier to deliver goods by water. Therefore, the major rivers of Europe, such as the Rhine, Elbe, Luara, Dniester, Danube, became the most important trade arteries. 2. Expansion of trade relations

The main directions of European maritime trade

The Mediterranean was dominated by the merchants of the Italian cities of Venice and Genoa. They controlled almost all trade between Europe, Asia and Africa. Spices, silk, coffee, caviar, luxury items were brought from the East. In return, they gave silver, timber, slaves, wool, iron. 2. Expansion of trade relations

Hanseatic merchants exchanged goods from Western Europe (fabrics, luxury items, spices) for raw materials from Eastern Europe (furs, leather, honey, wood, resin), making huge profits. 2. Expansion of trade relations

The largest shopping centers in the North and Baltic Sea Hanseatic League: Novgorod Bruges London Bergen

3. Fairs and Banks The busiest trading places in Europe were fairs, which were attended by hundreds of major merchants from different countries. In addition to earning money, visitors exchanged news. The fair was entertainment center. It was attended by wandering artists, fortune-tellers, musicians.

At fairs, merchants sought to sell their goods for money. In most states Medieval Europe the money was silver. But in each country, as well as the duchy, county, principality, their own coins were minted. They differed in weight and cost. 3. Fairs and banks

This created confusion in trading calculations. To eliminate confusion, a special profession of specialists in money matters stood out - the money changer. They also lent money at interest. Gradually money changers became usurers, and later - bankers. In Europe, banks spread by the XIV-XV century. 3. Fairs and banks

A guild is a trade union of merchants. Bank - in the Middle Ages, an institution engaged in the storage, transfer and lending of money. Fair - a recurring sale of goods that took place in cities at the intersection trade routes. Money changers are coin specialists; people who traded money. Let's write definitions

Milagina Marina Vasilievna

MOU "Shestakovskaya OOSh"

Volokolamsky district

Moscow region

Trade in the Middle Ages was a difficult and dangerous business.

impenetrable forests,

robbers and pirates

bad roads.

"What fell from the cart is gone."

Tolls for passage through the feudal estates, over the bridge, payment for dust.

Expansion of trade relations

Commodity economy - goods

produced for sale

in the market or exchange

(for goods and money).

The city is the center of trade

with other lands and countries

with other cities

with villages

Revitalization of trade

paved the roads with stones,

built bridges,

goods were transported in wagons,

goods were transported along rivers and seas.

Northern Trade District

Southern Trade District

Fairs are annual auctions with the participation of foreign merchants.

Here they sold goods from all over the world.

Money changers - engaged in the exchange of money from different countries.

Moneylenders lend money at high interest rates.

A bank is a place where large sums of money are stored.

Bankers are the owners of banks.

Own

movable: money,

goods, ships

immovable:

the buildings

Could subsistence farming and trade exist at the same time? Why?

Why did cities become centers of trade in the Middle Ages?

"Poem about the omnipotence of money":

Now everywhere in the world there is a great mercy to the coin.

Now kings and worldly rulers own money.

For the sake of beloved money, the priest will also fall into sins;

And at the ecumenical council, only gold rules in the dispute.

Money will either throw us into wars, or they will let us live in peace.

The court decides for a fee everything that the rich want,

Money torments us with lies, it also broadcasts the truth of God.

Money plunges into temptations, and torments, and destroys us in various ways.

The merchant travels from Genoa to Beirut. What will he buy there? What will pay?

What difficulties will you encounter along the way? (from Genoa to Hamburg)

Homework:

Page 111 paragraph 1 paraphrase

Concepts in a notebook

Page 112-113 paraphrase