How to open microloans for the population. Step-by-step instruction

• Which franchise to choose
• Business registration
• "Underwater rocks"
• What documents are needed
  • • • Similar business ideas:

According to experts, the microfinance industry remains attractive for investment, despite the fact that the demand for loans has slightly decreased compared to 2013-2014 (the “golden time” of MFIs). The population still needs quick loans, which is called paycheck-to-paycheck. Even all the crisis phenomena that are observed in the country do not interfere with the development of this business. Many large network players, having saturated the capital market to the limit, are already mastering the regions to the fullest ...

About microfinance organization

It is worth saying that before 2014 it was much easier to open your own MFI, and in general, it was much easier for such a business to exist. Everything changed after the Central Bank assumed control over the activities of microfinance organizations. Regulatory requirements intensified (the so-called mega-regulator was created) and “weak” and not entirely honest MFIs began to close in the country of mass.

Which franchise to choose

Interest in this industry on the part of small businesses is due to the fact that the process of opening an organization looks quite simple. If you don’t want to deal with all issues on your own and climb into an “incomprehensible market”, please, you can purchase a ready-made business model. So, today there are dozens of proposals for opening an MFI under a franchise agreement (for example, "Master Money" or "Home Money"). In fact, only three main components are required from an entrepreneur: 1 The desire to engage in this business 2. The room where the office will be located (can be rented) 3. Capital to start a business. Everything else, including the "paperwork" for registration of MFIs, staff training, marketing and other issues, is taken over by the main enterprise or the franchisor. Naturally, franchising involves some dependence on the main enterprise, but, you see, the chances of success increase dramatically.

Business registration

The activities of MFIs are regulated by Federal Law No. 151-FZ “On Microfinance Activities and Microfinance Organizations”. It details the basic requirements and rules for the functioning of such organizations. So, according to the law, a microfinance organization can issue loans to the population only up to 1 million rubles, no more. Registration of an MFI is essentially no different from opening a regular LLC (IP is not suitable in this case). Registration takes place in the same IFTS (tax). However, in order for the work of an MFI to be considered legal, it will also be necessary to join the state. register of microfinance organizations. This procedure goes through the Ministry of Finance. To enter the register, you will need to provide the following documents: an application, a certificate of state registration of a legal entity, constituent documents, a decision to create an organization and approve constituent documents, a decision to approve the organization's management bodies, a certificate of the organization's address, information about the founders, payment of state duty . If you start work without entering the register (that is, simply by registering with the Federal Tax Service), then this threatens a fine of 30 thousand rubles. in accordance with Article 15.26.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses. Loans can be issued to persons aged 18 to 6 years, subject to the provision of a passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation. The maximum loan amount for most organizations is 15,000 rubles. The average interest on a loan is 2% per day.

How much money do you need to invest to open a microfinance organization

The law does not prohibit opening with minimal investment (this is not for you to open a bank). In fact, you can start work "from scratch" with an authorized capital of 10,000 rubles. However, it is worth considering such an important point. The fact is that each transaction in the amount of 10% or more of the book value of assets is subject to mandatory approval at the general meeting of participants. In other words, if you have a capital of 10,000 rubles, then you will have to approve each loan for 1,000 rubles. and more. Not an option! Therefore, market players recommend starting a business with a minimum capital of 500,000 - 700,000 rubles. This amount will be enough not only to repair the premises, register an LLC, but also to create the very “airbag” and increase the capabilities of the organization. Most often, areas in office centers, in the central part of the city are selected as premises for accommodating MFIs. The average size of the premises is 25 - 35 square meters. m. The rent, depending on the region, is 20 - 50 thousand rubles. per month. The office of a microfinance organization is equipped with furniture and office equipment (printers, computers, fax machines, telephones), consumables and office supplies are purchased. Of the staff, first of all, account managers, a lawyer, a debtor manager, security officers and an accountant are required. The approximate wage fund is 100 - 150 thousand rubles. per month.

How much can you earn in microfinance organizations

If you issue an average of 20 loans per day in the amount of 3000 rubles. at 2% for 14 days, then in a month you can earn about 250 - 300 thousand rubles. Of these, "clean" (minus rent, wages and advertising costs) will turn out 100 - 150 thousand rubles. This is taking into account the fact that 15 - 20% of the issued loans will not be returned on time and sold to collectors. If 700 - 900 thousand rubles were spent on opening an MFI, then the investments pay off in less than a year.

"Underwater rocks"

There are two main risks in conducting such activities: 1. High administrative responsibility (fines, constant control by the state, the introduction of new laws) 2. The risk of non-repayment of loans. If the first point is difficult to deal with, but the second is quite real. The problem of collection of overdue debts, perhaps, is the very "stumbling block" that stands in the way of building a profitable business on loans. Because finding a client and issuing loans is not so difficult (due to the general economic situation in the country). It is much more difficult to repay the loan and the interest earned. Therefore, the opening of an MFI should be accompanied by a clear study of all documents related directly to working with loans. A competent lawyer in the state is a vital necessity. To reduce the risk of non-repayment of loans, it is necessary to introduce a serious block for dealing with overdue debts. What methods can help here:

• High-quality initial consultation on the repayment of the loan at the stage of its provision.
• Elaboration of a system of reminders of overdue debt. You can use cheap SMS, as well as hire a special person who will deal with calling debtors.
• Implementation of a system of work with debtors who have financial problems.
• Implementation of a system of work with responsible borrowers (providing additional bonuses, lowering interest rates, etc.)

At the same time, it is recommended to limit the period of self-collection of debts to 1 month. This period is enough to understand the real cause of the loan default problem. In the future, such debtors must be transferred to a collection company - specialists in debt collection. There are enough advantages from working with collectors: 1. You save money on maintaining your own debt collection service. 2. Transfer some of the negative aspects of your work to a third-party organization 3. Collectors are professionals in this field, so debt collection from them is much more efficient.

Step by step business plan: where to start

It is better to start opening a financial institution with a detailed business plan, in which you need to calculate what capital investments you will need, how much money you will need to spend on providing loans, how much it will take to purchase equipment, rent, staff salaries and an advertising company. Then you will need:

• register a business
• obtain the status of an MFI;
• choose an office space;
• recruit staff:
• organize an advertising campaign.

What equipment is needed for MFI

For MFIs, the same equipment and inventory is suitable as for a regular office. You will need: computers and office equipment, computer tables, chairs, telephones; shelves or rack. All costs will cost no more than 100,000.

What documents are needed

An MFI can only be registered as a legal entity. To do this, you will need: a decision to establish an MFO as an LLC, the charter of the organization, documents on the payment of the State duty, an order to appoint a director with the duties of chief accountant. The main OKVED code is 64.92.7 - “Microfinance activities”. When submitting documents on registration with the IFTS, you can choose the simplified tax system or OSN. In addition to registration and obtaining the status of a microfinance organization, no additional documents are required.

Business idea: Making money on microloans for the population
Where we do business: office on the ground floor
Main costs: purchase of office equipment, office rent
Required equipment: printer
Consumables: money
Initial capital: from 2,000,000 rubles.
Payback period: from 2 to 8 months
Possible profit: from 100,000 rubles.

The services of companies dealing with microloans to the population are in great demand. Each person is faced with situations when money is urgently needed, the required amount is often small, and there is nowhere to take it. A sudden illness, a debt that needs to be repaid, a breakdown in a car or a work computer can shake the financial stability of a person with an average income.

Taking a loan from a bank or borrowing from relatives - such methods cannot always solve the problem. Relatives may not have money, and the bank will require a whole package of documents, the preparation of which will take time. In such circumstances, contacting a microfinance organization can be a way out of the situation.

In the context of growing demand among the population for short-term payday loans, the business of issuing microcredits is a promising area for entrepreneurs.

What you need to open your own issuing companymicroloans?

Not every organization can deal with the issuance of microloans to the population. In accordance with the Federal Law "On Microfinance Organizations", which regulates the activities of such organizations, only legal entities that are registered in a special state register of microfinance organizations can issue microloans. If this condition is not met, its activity will be considered illegal. Thus, the first step is the registration of a legal entity, and the next step is registration in a special register.
To do this, it is necessary to provide the Ministry of Finance with copies of registration and constituent documents certified by a notary, the necessary information about the organization (address, information about the founders), an application for registration of a legal entity in the register and attach a document confirming the payment of a state duty in the amount of 1 thousand rubles.

Scheme of the work of the issuing companymicroloanspopulation.

The client receives funds on the basis of a loan agreement for a period of one week to a year, providing only a passport. A simplified procedure for obtaining a loan, when there is no need to collect a whole package of documents, is one of the main advantages of microfinance organizations compared to banks. Making a microcredit usually does not take more than half an hour.

At the same time, by issuing loans only on the basis of a passport, the entrepreneur bears greater risks compared to banks, which means that he wants to receive remuneration corresponding to these risks. The microcredit fee is 15-20% per week, that is, the businessman's profit will be 60-80% per month. As a rule, the average loan amount is 20-30 thousand rubles, the term is up to 15 days. When drawing up a business plan, experts advise setting a minimum of 50% of non-returns, although in reality this figure is likely to be lower.

Franchisingin the fieldmicrocredit.

You can also engage in microcrediting according to a simplified scheme - by purchasing a franchise. In this case, a large and experienced company, such as Payday or Home Money, will provide you with its brand, consulting support and marketing model. All that is required of you is the desire to work and the financial means to purchase an already existing business. Such a scheme of work will allow a novice entrepreneur to gain experience that can be used already in free swimming.

A very important aspect of work in this area is the ability to minimize risks. Before lending money that is not secured by collateral, you need to consider how you will demand money from debtors and how to secure your finances even at the stage of concluding a loan agreement.

Ideas for Business from the section:

Perhaps, each of us has come across a situation where a certain amount of money is urgently needed. And these funds are needed right now, immediately. Someone's only working computer is broken, and now you need to quickly get a new one. Someone needs to urgently pay off an old debt that has already come due. Someone is looking for funds for an unplanned, but very important trip that has fallen like snow on their heads and which cannot be canceled. And after all, quite a bit is needed - 5,000, 10,000 or 20,000 rubles. But the bank account is completely empty, as a large purchase was recently made, and payday is still two whole weeks away.

What to do in such a situation?

There are actually several options. You can ask your relatives or friends for help. Perhaps they will borrow the necessary amount for the right period. The second way is to borrow money from a bank, as everyone does in similar situations. But your friends and relatives may not have the required amount, and to get a loan, you need to prepare a whole bunch of papers. Therefore, getting money at the right time can be very problematic.

Fortunately, there is a way out - contact the office involved. Such organizations have recently become very popular. For the population, this is a convenient way to “intercept money before payday,” and for entrepreneurs, this is a new promising business area.

How does the business of issuing microloans to the population work?

First you need to understand how this service works. The principle of operation resembles a credit institution. The difference lies mainly in the fact that in order to receive money, the client does not need to collect a whole package of documents. Just enough. In addition, money can be borrowed for a short period of time - from one week to a year. Financial resources are provided to the client on the basis of a loan agreement, and the activities of such an office are regulated by the Federal Law “On Microfinance Organizations”

As for the entrepreneur who provides such a service, he receives his benefit in the form of good interest. Each week of the loan costs the client 15-20%. That is, taking 10,000 rubles for a month, you will have to return 16,000 rubles. We get a profit of 60% per month. Not bad, isn't it? But, of course, not everything is so simple and easy. Otherwise, every enterprising resident of our country could provide such services (and make good money on it).

How to open your own service for issuing microloans to the population?

The scheme of work of such institutions is not something complicated. But to register such an institution is not so easy. Only legal entities registered in the special state register of microfinance organizations can be engaged in issuing microloans. That is, first of all, you need to register a legal entity with the tax office. And only after that proceed to the next step.

In order to successfully register in the register of microfinance organizations, it is necessary to collect and submit the following documents to the Ministry of Finance:

• Photocopies of the certificate of registration of a legal entity, as well as all constituent documents. All papers must be certified by a notary.
• Application for registration of your legal entity in the register.
• All the necessary information about the organization - the address of the location, the data of the founders.
• A photocopy of the decision of the founders on the creation of a microloan organization and on the appointment of the management of the future company.
• Receipt of payment of the state fee in the amount of 1,000 rubles.

If the founder is a foreigner, then, in addition to all other documents, an extract from the register of foreign legal entities will be required.

After the package of documents is collected and registered, the Ministry of Finance is given two weeks to consider the decision. If the decision is in favor of the client, then a certificate is issued to the legal entity and the status of a microfinance organization is assigned. From this moment, the organization acquires the right to issue microloans to the population in the amount of up to one ruble.

Another way to organize such a business is franchising.

We live in an amazing time for business. Today, thanks to the development and popularization of franchising, almost everyone can become an entrepreneur. From the contender for the title of a businessman, only a desire and a certain amount of financial investment are required. All other issues are taken care of by the company. This also applies to services for issuing microloans to the population. Recently, many companies have appeared in this area that offer to organize their business on a franchise basis.

For example, Money to Payday and Money for Home companies can be a stratum point for growing your microfinance business. The advantage is that you get everything you need to get started - a marketing model, a well-known name, ongoing support.

Whatever way you choose to organize this business, it is important to remember the main thing. About risks. After all, you have to work with people. With different people. And many of them may turn out to be dishonest. Therefore, immediately think about how you will “knock out” money from negligent debtors. Otherwise, there is a risk of becoming bankrupt at the dawn of their activities.

Often people are faced with the need to find a relatively small amount of money in an extremely short time. Usually banks do not issue loans of such small sizes. In addition, for the provision of loans require an impressive list of documents. Therefore, people turn to companies whose main activity is microcredit. And today such a business is considered one of the most promising.

The principle of microloans

At its core, microcredit resembles the issuance of conventional loans. The only difference is that in order to receive funds, the client must provide a minimum of documents - sometimes only a passport is enough. Microfinance is provided for a short period, sometimes even for a week, but not more than a year. This business provides microloans for small amounts that are not of interest to large credit organizations. The peculiarities of the work of this sphere of lending led to the emergence of a specific law that regulates these relations - the Federal Law "On Microfinance Organizations".

For an entrepreneur, microfinance benefits from the high interest that he charges for services. For a week, on average, he receives from 15% of the amount issued, that is, for a month he can make a profit of approximately 60% of the funds provided on loan. The difficulty lies in the fact that it is not so easy to open a company providing these services.

Formation of a company for the issuance of microloans

Considering such high interest rates that activities in this area promise, many entrepreneurs are interested in the question of how to open microloans. First of all, you need to register a legal entity. The most commonly used legal form is LLC. But this is still not enough for your activity in issuing microloans to the population to be legal. It is also necessary to register in the state register of microfinance organizations.

To do this, the following documents must be submitted to the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation:

• Receipt of payment of the state fee for 1 thousand rubles.
• A copy of the decision of the meeting of founders on the creation of a microloan company. As well as the appointment of its leadership.
• Information about the company - information about the founders, legal address.
• Relevant statement.
• A copy of the company registration certificate, constituent documents certified by a notary.

In the event that a company is established by a foreign organization, an extract from the register of foreign legal entities is required.

In two weeks you should receive the decision of the Ministry of Finance. With a positive decision, your company receives the status of a microfinance organization and a corresponding certificate. Now you have the right to issue loans for the population up to a million rubles.

Franchise Solution

Microcredit to the population can be offered by opening a franchise company. In this case, you will need a certain amount of money to purchase a franchise. But all organizational issues are taken over by the franchisor. The entrepreneur initially teaches a well-known name that enjoys a certain trust among the population. He also receives a marketing model for doing business, which saves him from financial mistakes and helps save capital, reduces the time for business development. In addition, he receives constant support from the franchise owner. True, such a decision does not save the business from high risks.

Organizational matters

Having registered a company and becoming registered with the Ministry of Finance, you can proceed to the organizational issues of doing business. First of all, you need to find a suitable room where your office will be located. As a rule, loans to the public are offered in a location where an office can be found quickly and easily. Such places include shopping, entertainment, business centers and other places where a large number of people pass during the day.

An office space of 30 sq. m. The rental price varies depending on the city, as well as on the actual location of the area. What you need to buy for the office:

• tables;
• chairs;
• computers;
• telephones;
• copy machine;
• Printer;
• cooler.

Separate funds should be allocated for stationery and consumables.

A minimum of two loan officers and one security officer must work in one office. Their salary is about 15 thousand rubles, if we talk about small towns.

The item of expenditure must include at least 50 thousand rubles. for a month for various promotional steps. These are advertisements in the media, leaflets, signs, pillars and more.

Activity of the company

As already mentioned, such an organization can issue no more than a million rubles under one contract. It also does not have the right to perform the following operations:

• demand from customers as an obligation under the contract more than a million rubles, taking into account all fines and interest;
• take interest on early repayment of the loan;
• conduct activities in the securities market;
• issue funds in foreign currency;
• act as a guarantor.

Violation of these provisions, as well as activities without proper registration, entails a fine of up to 30 thousand rubles. In many cases, contracts concluded with violations may be declared invalid, and accordingly, you will not be able to receive interest on the funds issued.

Remember that microcredits can only be issued to persons over the age of 18 and only if they have a passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation. The lower age limit for issuing a loan is usually 60 years. On average, loans are issued in the amount of 20-25 thousand rubles. for 15 days. Usually the rate on them is from 2% per day.

Main risks

Most often, microfinance organizations face the following risks:

• recognition of the accrued interest on the loan as unlawful;
• disputing loan interest;
• administrative liability for violations of the provisions of the law;
• high percentage of loan defaults.

As a rule, when drawing up the financial part of a business plan, at least 50% of the funds are included in the non-refund item, although most often in practice this figure is lower.

Profitability

If your company spends about 250 thousand rubles per month, then you need to issue loans for this period at least 700 thousand rubles. These indicators can be adhered to in the first months of the company's operation. In six months, these figures are desirable to double. As a rule, after a year, the company has the opportunity to open additional points of loans, developing a network of its institutions. You can cross the line of self-sufficiency after a month of the first office.